de
ni
ha
nt
138,91
1,1
[Xe] 5d16s1
La
Lanthanum
La
La
nt
ha
de
“l riv
(h ant es
id ha fr
de ne om
n) in t
. ” he
m G
ea re
ni ek
ng
La
to
nt
lie
h
nu
m
Lanthanum
57
an
id
e
Solid
Silvery white,
metallic.
A Coleman gas lantern mantle
Uses:gas lantern
mantles, camera and
telescope lenses and
hybrid car batteries.
de
ni
ha
nt
140,12
1,1
[Xe] 4f26s2
La
Cerium
Ce
de
Ce
riu
is
pl na
fro ane me
“t m t C d a
o th e ft
gr e re er
ow L s; th
”. atin cer e d
w es i wa
or s rf
La
d de
m ri
nt
ea ve
ha
ni d
ng
ni
m
Cerium
58
Spark from a lighter flint
Solid
Soft, silvery, ductile
metal.
Uses: self cleaning
ovens, lighter flints,
to polish optical components, in incandescent gas mantles.
de
ni
ha
nt
La
Praseodymium
140,91
1,1
[Xe] 4f36s2
e
id
Pr
as
eo
dy
is
“p na
“g ras me
re io d a
en s d ft
tw id er
in ym the
”. o G
s” r
La
, m ee
nt
ea k
ha
ni
ng
n
m
iu
m
Praseodymium
Pr
59
Praseodymium-colored glass
Solid
Soft, silvery, ductile
and malleable metal.
Gives glass and enamels a yellow
colour; used in
alloys for aircraft
engines.
de
ni
ha
nt
144,24
1,1
[Xe] 4f46s2
La
Neodymium
Nd
eo
dy
m
is
“n de
“n eo riv
ew s d ed
tw idy fro
in mo m
”. s th
”, e
m Gr
ea ee
La
ni k
nt
ng
h
iu
m
Neodymium
60
an
id
e
N
Solid
Soft, silvery metal.
Usesd in powerful
magnets; to colour
glass in shades from
violet to wine-red.
Neodymium magnet
ni
ha
nt
146,92
1,1
[Xe] 4f56s2
de
Pm
La
Promethium
61
d.
an
id
e
Pr
om
is
“P na
ro me
m d
et na
he m
us ed
”, a
a G fte
La
re r
ek
nt
go
h
et
hi
um
Pitchblende
contains
trace amounts
of promethium
145
Pm (most stable) decays
with a half-life 17,7 years.
Solid
All promethium isotopes are radioactive; promethium
salts luminesce with
a greenish or pale
blue glow.Was used
in luminous paint.
de
ni
ha
nt
150,36
1,1
[Xe] 4f66s2
La
Samrium
Sm
ni
de
Sa
m
ar
iu
is
“S na
na am me
Sa me ar d a
Ru ma d a ski fte
ss rsk fte te” r th
ia y r , w e
n -B “C h m
m y o ic in
in kh lo h e
e o o ne w ra
La
ffi vet l V as l
ci s” as
nt
al , a il
ha
.
i
m
Samarskite
62
The discoverer of samarium:
Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran.
Solid
Hard silvery metal.
Samarium-cobalt
magnets are used in
small motors, headphones. Used in
infra-red absorbing
glass.
63
ni
ha
nt
La
151,96
1,0
[Xe] 4f76s2
de
Eu
Europium is used to make the
red color in CRT televisions.
ni
ha
nt
La
is
na
m
ed
de
af
te
rE
ur
Eu
op
e.
ro
pi
um
Europium
Europium
Solid
Fairly hard silvery
metal.
Used in colour TV
tubes, mercury and
energy saving lamps;
Isotopes are good
neutron absorbers.
de
ni
ha
nt
157,25
1,1
[Xe] 4f75d16s2
La
Gadolinium
Gd
,
in
ol
ad
ol
is
a F nam
in ed
ni a
sh ft
ch er J
em oh
ist an
. G
in
iu
m
Gadolinium
64
La
nt
ha
ni
de
G
ad
Gadolinium-153 is used in
positron emission tomography (PET).
PET scan of the human brain.
Solid
Silvery-white metal,
ductile & malleable.
Used to make green
phosphors for colour
TV; to diagnose
osteoporosis;
in MRI-, PET scans.
de
ni
ha
nt
th
e
158,93
1,1
[Xe] 4f96s2
La
Terbium
Tb
”,
Te
r
is
vi na
lla m
ge ed
in aft
Sw er
ed “Yt
en te
. rby
bi
um
Terbium
65
Solid
Silvery-white metal,
ductile & malleable.
La
nt
ha
ni
de
Terbium sulfate fluoresces
green under
ultraviolet light.
Used in iPods, fiber
optics, TVs and
wind turbines.
Terbium sulfate, Tb2(SO4)3
de
ni
ha
nt
162,50
1,1
[Xe] 4f106s2
La
Dysprosium
Dy
ys
pr
os
is
“d de
to ys riv
ge pro ed
t a si fr
t” tos om
.
”, t
m he
ea G
ni re
La
ng ek
nt
“h
ha
ar
d
n
iu
m
Dysprosium
66
id
e
D
Solid
Metallic silver
lustre.
Dysprosium ceramic fibers
Used in iPods, laser
materials, CD disks,
wind turbines and
hybrid vehicles.
67
ni
ha
nt
La
164,93
1,1
[Xe] 4f116s2
de
Ho
”,
ia
H
ol
is
m fr
ea om
ni t
ng he
St La
oc ti
kh n “
ol H
m ol
La
. m
m
iu
m
Holmium
Holmium
nt
ha
ni
de
Solid
silverywhite, metallic, soft & malleable.
Optical calibration standard:
solution of 4% holmium oxide
in 10% perchloric acid.
Used in microwave
equipment, in lasers,
as yellow or red
colouring for glass.
de
ni
ha
nt
”,
th
e
167,26
1,1
[Xe] 4f126s2
La
Erbium
Er
Er
bi
is
vi na
lla m
ge ed
in aft
Sw er
ed “Yt
en te
. rby
um
Erbium
68
ha
ni
de
Solid
Silvery-white metal.
La
nt
Used in fiber optics,
Tvs, pink coloring in
glass and to make
artificial gemstones.
Monazite sand,
the source of many rare earth metals.
69
ni
de
Tm
La
nt
ha
168,93
1,1
[Xe] 4f136s2
Th
ul
iu
m
is
m fr
no yth om
rth ica th
,p lc eG
er ou re
ha nt ek
ps ry :
Sc in “Th
La
an th ul
di e f e”
nt
na ar , a
ha
vi
a.
ni
Thulium
Thulium
de
Solid
Silvery-grey metal,
easily workable, but
very rare.
Monazite, Ce(PO4),
from Madagascar
Used in portable Xray devices.
Mobile X-Ray machine
Image from:
http://www.diytrade.com/china/4/products/5679995/Mobile_X_Ray_Machine_50ma.html
de
ni
ha
nt
La
”,
e
th
m
iu
rb
tte
Y
vi na
lla m
ge ed
in aft
Sw er
ed “Yt
en te
. rby
is
Ytterbium
Ytterbium
Yb
de
ni
ha
nt
173,04
1,1
[Xe] 4f146s2
La
70
Solid
Soft, silvery metal.
Used in dentistry,
stainless steel, lasers
and portable X-ray
machines.
de
ni
ha
nt
174,97
1,1
[Xe] 4f145d16s2
La
Lutetium
Lu
Lu
te
“L na
ut me
et d
ia af
”, te
th r t
e c he
ity L
La
of atin
Pa
nt
ris
ha
.
n
tiu
m
Lutetium
71
is
id
e
Solid
Silvery white metal;
very rare.
Structure of LuTaO4,
with atoms: O(red), Ta(blue) and Lu(green.
Used as a catalyst in
petroleum refineries,
in experimental
nuclear medicine.