Chapter 4, Section 2 Assyria – 850 B.C. acquires a large empire - through military organization/weapons Assyrians came from northern Mesopotamia. - developed warlike behavior due to attacks. - Sennacherib – destroyed 89 cities/ 820 villages and killed many. Soldiers – equipped with advanced ironworking technology. - used metal/leather armor - iron swords/spears Planning: - used engineering to cross rivers/obstacles (pontoons/ bridges) - dug beneath city walls to weaken them Tactics – - soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder/ moved as one unit. - used archers to barrage cities with arrows, while battering rams used on gates. - killed or enslaved victims - moved slaves far from their homes 850 – 650 B.C. – Assyria expands to Syria, Babylonia, and Palestine. Government - local governors reported to Assyrian kings. Conquered peoples pay taxes. Those who refuse were killed/ cities burned. Nineveh – Assyria’s capital, established by most fierce king - near Tigris River - held largest libraries in world Ashurbanipal – King who collected 20k clay tablets. - collection was organized into many rooms by subject matter - cataloged Ashurbanipal was the last powerful king. Medes/Chaldeans destroyed the city of Nineveh. - many people were happy - much of library survives Chaldeans made Babylon their capital (600 B.C.) Chaldean king Restored Babylon. - built hanging gardens - built thick walls around the city Inscribed the bricks with “I am Nebuchadnezzar, King of the Babylonians” - Chaldean observation of the solar system formed modern basis for astronomy. - - N’s empire eventually falls to the Persians
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