Nanotechnology
An Introduction
Nanotechnology
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A new interdisciplinary field of science
The study of systems at the nanoscale
The use of tools at the nanoscale
Building and applying structures that are
constructed atom by atom
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What is it?
Simply:
• The ability to do things – measure, see,
predict and make – on the scale of atoms and
molecules.
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The length scale of nanotechnology is the
nanometer.
– 1 nanometer = 10-9 meters is 1/100, 000 width of a
human hair
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Understanding Size
How big (small) are we talking
about?
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Understanding Size
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1 meter
source: CERN
http://microcosm.web.cern.
ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
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10
centimeters
source: CERN
http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/
microcosm
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Understanding Size
1 centimeter
source: CERN
http://microcosm.web.cern.c
h/microcosm
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Understanding Size
100
Micrometers
(µm)
1 mm
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
100
micrometers
(µm)
0.1mm
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
10
micrometer
(µm)
0.01 mm
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
10
Understanding Size
1000
Nanometers
10
micrometer
(µm)
0.001 mm
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
100
nanometers
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
10
nanometers
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Understanding Size
1 nanometer
source: CERN http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm
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Size Matters
Physical processes do not scale
uniformly
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Gravity
Friction
Combustion
Electrostatic
Van der walls
Brownian
Quantum
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Richard P. Feynman
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A Nanotechnology Can Exist
There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom
December 29th 1959
– Manipulating and controlling things on a small scale
– Write the Encyclopedia Brittanica on the head of a pin
• How do we write small?
• Information on a small scale
• Better electron microscopes
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The marvelous biological system
Miniaturizing the computer
Miniaturization by evaporation
Problems of lubrication
A hundred tiny hands
Rearranging the atoms
Atoms in a small world
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Fullerenes – 1985
Robert F. Curl Jr.
(1996)
Richard E. Smalley
Sir Harold W. Kroto
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IBM - 1985
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Nanotechnology
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Has a long history
Has a solid theoretical basis
Has been looked at seriously for nearly
30 years
So, what is it?
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Nanotechnology Is Not a Single Industry
Consumers will choose
among products and
services enhanced by
nanotechnology from
virtually all current
industries.
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Current Products on the Market
Ceramics
Paints and Coatings
Catalysts
UV protectant
cosmetics
Automotive
component
Materials for defense
applications
Optical components
Anti-microbials
“Self-cleaning” window
glass
Clay fillers
Optical films for pc
screens
Textiles
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Currently Marketed Value-Added Products
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Wrinkle- and stain-resistant fabrics courtesy of
Nano-Tex, now found at Eddie Bauer, The Gap,
and Old Navy
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Ski jackets from German Franz Ziener GmbH
using Nano-Tex enhancements to make them
windproof, waterproof, breathable, and grimeresistant
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Babolat tennis rackets lightened and
strengthened with Nanoledge nanotubes, and
Wilson Double Core tennis balls containing
InMat nanomaterials to lock in air
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Currently Marketed Value-Added Products
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Nanostructured ceramic coatings from Inframat
that add durability and toughness to Navy ship
hulls
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Antimicrobal bandages from NuCryst using
nanocrystalline silver to kill microbes; more than
100 of the 120 major burn treatment centers in
North America use these bandages to treat life
threatening burns
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Duravit sinks and toilets with an easy-clean
nanocoating from Nanogate
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NC Products that will be dramatically
effected
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Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals
Textiles and Plastics
Paints and Coatings
… among others
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Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals
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Highly
• Nanodevices for
focused,
targeted medical
noninvasive
detection and delivery
technologies
for
medical
imaging
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Textiles and Plastics
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Membrane and
filtering
technologies for
chemical
separation
Fiber and film
technologies for
enhanced
durability
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Paints and Coatings
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Light and
temperature
activated pigments
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Anti-microbial,
Anticorrosion, and
Anti-stain agents
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Oops.
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Oops.
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