Nutrients and Beyond!
The Six Nutrient Groups
Copyright
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Nutrition
The study of food components and their use by the body to
sustain life and health
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3
Nutrients
Water
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Fats
Minerals
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Water
• Main component of many
foods
• Influences texture,
appearance and taste of
food
• Maintains body
temperature
• Transports nutrients and
waste
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Carbohydrates
• Make up the bulk of the
biomass in food
• Major source of energy for
humans
• Provide reserve energy store
for all living things
• Form the vital structure of
living cells
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Carbohydrates - Simple
• Sugars
• Monosaccharides
– Fructose
– Glucose
– Galactose
• Disaccharides
– Sucrose
– Maltose
– Lactose
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Carbohydrates - Complex
• Also called polysaccharides
or macromolecules
• Types
– Starches
– Cellulose
– Carbohydrate gums and
pectins
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Fats
• Play an important role in food
preparation and general
health
• Have a place in a healthful
diet
• Key is to keep everything in
balance
• Lipids are insoluble in water
and have a greasy feel
– Fats
– Oils
– Shortening
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Proteins
• Complex molecules
• Needed for:
– growth and repair of body
tissue
– fighting disease
– fluid and electrolyte balance
– pH balance
– regulating body functions
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Vitamins – Fat-soluble
• Vitamins A, D, E, K
• Generally found in fats and
oils in foods
• Cannot be easily excreted
• Stored in the liver or fatty
tissues
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11
Vitamins – Water-Soluble
• B vitamins and vitamin C
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
B1 (Thiamin)
B2 (Riboflavin)
B3 (Niacin)
B6 (Pyridoxine)
Folate, folic acid, folacin
B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Pantothenic acid
Biotin
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
• Cannot be stored in the
body
• Excess quantities excreted
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Major Minerals
• Calcium
• Simplest chemical structure
• Phosphorus
• Minerals are elements
• Magnesium
• Make up about 2.3 kg of the
mass of the average adult
• Sodium, Chloride and
Potassium
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Trace Minerals
• Iron
• Also called microminerals
• Iodine
• Need less than 100 mg per
day
• Zinc
• Fluoride
• Copper
• Manganese
• Selenium
• Chromium
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Bill Nye – Nutrition
(click on link)
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Questions?
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References and Resources
Images:
• Microsoft Office Clip Art: Used with permission from Microsoft.
Textbooks:
• Duyff, R. L. (2010). Food, nutrition & wellness. Columbus, OH:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill.
• Ward, J.D., & Ward, L.T. (2013). Principles of food science. Tinley Park,
IL: Goodheart-Willcox Company.
YouTube™ video:
• Bill Nye – Nutrition
Bill Nye, the Science guy discusses nutrients
http://youtu.be/8j7VwLhMIlQ
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