Quantities in Chemical Reactions I
Nomenclature and Equations Review
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Chemical Nomenclature
Review
http://chzscience.wordpress.com/category/physical-sciences/chemistry/page/4/
2
Chemical Nomenclature
Warming Up!
1. State the IUPAC name of these ionic compounds:
a) AlBr3
aluminum bromide
b) MgS
magnesium sulfide
c) CaSO4 calcium sulfate
d) NH4Cl ammonium chloride
e) CuCl2 copper (II) chloride
f) VO2
vandium (IV) oxide
2. State the IUPAC name of these covalent compounds:
a) H2S
dihydrogen monosulfide b) P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide
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Chemical Nomenclature
Warming Up!
1. State the chemical formula for these ionic compounds:
a) barium iodide
BaI2
b) strontium nitride Sr3N2
c) rubidium carbonate Rb2CO3
d) aluminum nitrate Al(NO3)2
e) chromium (III) oxide Cr2O3
f) lead (II) phosphate Pb3(PO4)2
2. State chemical formula for these covalent compounds:
a) dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4
b) phosphorus pentachloride
PCl5
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Chemical Nomenclature
Write Your Own Guidelines for IONIC Compounds
Post on Moodle when your group has agreed on the guidelines.
When writing the name:
See the Moodle forum!
When writing the chemical formula:
See the Moodle forum!
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Chemical Nomenclature
A Word about those Polyatomic Ions!
You will not have an ion chart to use, so learn these ions:
NO31nitrate
CO32-
PO43-
carbonate
phosphate
ClO31-
SO42-
NH41+
chlorate
sulfate
OH1-
HCO31-
hydroxide
hydrogen carbonate
ammonium
Here is a helpful mnemonic for polyatomic ions ending in “ate”:
Nick the camel ATE a clam for supper in Phoenix.
#consonants = # oxygen atoms
#vowels = charge
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Chemical Nomenclature
Write Your Own Guidelines for COVALENT Compounds
Post on Moodle when your group has agreed on the guidelines.
When writing the name:
See the Moodle forum!
When writing the chemical formula:
See the Moodle forum!
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Chemical Nomenclature
More Practice!
1. State the IUPAC name.
a) Na2Se
c) SiO2
(First ask yourself if the compound is ionic or covalent.)
sodium selenide
silicon dioxide
b) IBr5
iodine pentabromide
d) CoCl2
cobalt (II) chloride
e) AgNO3 silver (I) nitrate
f) Li3PO4
lithium phosphate
g) S2Cl2 disulfur dichloride
h) NiSO4
nickel (II) sulfate
i) Mg(ClO3)2 magnesium chlorate j) MnO2
manganese (IV) oxide
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Chemical Nomenclature
More Practice!
1. State the chemical formula.
(First ask yourself if the compound is ionic or covalent.)
a) calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2
b) sulfur hexafluoride SF6
c) strontium sulfide SrS
d) potassium sulfate
e) copper (I) oxide Cu2O
f) ammonium carbonate
(NH4)2CO3
g) dinitrogen oxide
h) titanium (IV) chloride TiCl4
i) zinc chlorate
N2O
Zn(ClO3)2
K2SO4
j) diboron hexahydride
B2H6
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Chemical Equations
Review
http://roflindia.com/tag/chemical-equation-y-u-no-balance-yourself-chemistry/
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Chemical Equations
What Do Chemical Equations Tell Us?
1. basic structure
reactants
products
__________
→ ___________
2. reacting amounts
1N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
What are the underlined numbers called?
What do they tell you?
3. states of chemicals (s)
solid
4. special conditions
Pt
→
catalyst used
co-efficients
the number of molecules (moles) that
react or are formed
(l)
(g)
liquid
gas
(aq)
aqueous solution
(dissolved in water)
∆
→
heating needed
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Chemical Equations
What is a “balanced” equation?
the number of atoms of each element is the same
on the reactant side as the product side
Explain why this equation is balanced. Include diagrams in your answer.
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
reactant side:
2 N atoms
6 H atoms
=
product side:
2 N atoms
6 H atoms
Explain why this equation is not balanced. Include diagrams in your answer.
Al + MgSO4 → Mg + Al(SO4)3
reactant side:
1 Mg atom
1 S atom
1 Al atom
4 O atoms
≠
product side:
1 Mg atom
3 S atoms
1 Al atom
12 O atoms
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Chemical Equations
Balance these equations:
2 H2O2 → __
2 H2O + __
1 O2
1. __
2 P + __
5 Cl2 → __
2 PCl5
2. __
2 SO2 + __
1 O2 → __
2 SO3
3. __
2 Al + __
3 Cu(NO3)2 → __
2 Al(NO3)3 + __
3 Cu
4. __
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Chemical Equations
Write Your Own Guidelines for Balancing Equations
Post on Moodle when your group has agreed on the guidelines.
Things to do:
Things NOT to do:
See the Moodle forum!
See the Moodle forum!
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Putting It Together
Lab Activity
1nstructions
1. Carry out each reaction as described.
2. Make qualitative observations of the reactants and products
(3 minimum, but 4 or 5 is better).
3. Name the products produced.
4. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction, including
states.
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Reaction 1 (Single Displacement)
Instructions:
1. Add a few drops of hydrochloric acid to a well on a spot plate.
2. Add a small (<1 cm) piece of cleaned magnesium ribbon.
3. When the reaction is over, rinse the spot plate with lots of running
tap water.
Observations:
see your own notes
Names of Products:
magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas
Balanced Chemical Equation (including states):
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
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Reaction 2 (Decomposition)
Instructions:
1. Fill the Petri dish with the water provided in the beaker.
2. Carefully place a 9V battery into the water, making sure the
terminals are covered.
3. Remove the battery after a minute and dry it. Empty and rinse
the Petri dish.
Observations:
see your own notes
Names of Products:
hydrogen gas + oxygen gas
Balanced Chemical Equation (including states):
2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)
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Reaction 3 (Single Displacement)
Instructions:
1. Add about 20 mL copper (II) chloride solution to a small beaker.
2. Add a small piece of aluminum foil to the beaker.
3. When the reaction is complete, discard the contents into the
waste beaker at the front of the room. Wash and dry the beaker.
Observations:
see your own notes
Names of Products:
copper + aluminum chloride
Balanced Chemical Equation (including states):
2Al(s) + 3CuCl2(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3Cu(s)
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Reaction 4 (Double Displacement)
Instructions:
1. Add a few drops of sodium phosphate solution to a well on a spot
plate.
2. Add a few drops of copper (II) sulfate solution to the same well.
3. Rinse the spot plate with lots of running tap water.
Observations:
see your own notes
Names of Products:
sodium sulfate and copper (II) phosphate
Balanced Chemical Equation (including states):
2Na3PO4(aq) + 3CuSO4(aq) → 3Na2SO4(aq) + Cu3(PO4)2(s)
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Reaction 5 (Double Displacement)
Instructions:
1. Add a small spatula of sodium carbonate to a well on a spot plate.
2. Add 2-3 drops of hydrochloric acid to the sodium carbonate.
3. Rinse the spot plate with lots of running tap water.
Observations:
see your own notes
Names of Products:
(Hint: There are THREE products - an aqueous solution, a liquid and a gas.)
sodium choride + hydrogen carbonate
(which immediately turns into water + carbon dioxide)
Balanced Chemical Equation (including states):
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
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