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CHAPTER 10 - FINITE VERB CLAUSES II
Exercise 10.1
There are many possible answers for this exercise. The following are examples.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Walter said that his pet python had escaped.
That the strange man was peering into our neighbor’s window seemed suspicious to me.
The truth is that I have never jumped from an airplane before.
Before waiting another half hour on this corner, I think that we should try phoning Betty.
Judith thought that her mother was calling when her cell phone began to ring during
dinner.
Because of the storm, everyone believed that we should stay at home.
Exercise 10.2
1.
That allows people to make free telephone calls = adjectival relative clause modifying
“voice over Internet protocol.”
2.
That people who have broadband computer connections = nominal, direct object of
means.
3.
That you can take your computer phone wherever you go in the world = nominal, subject
complement of is.
4.
That is in your home = adjectival relative clause modifying one.
5.
That a call home from anywhere in the world will be charged as a local call = nominal,
subject of the sentence.
6.
That Internet telephone service will drive traditional telephone companies out of business
= nominal, appositive of fear.
7.
That it will fail = nominal, appositive of hopes.
8.
That they will be able to use the new technology in a way that will expand their own
telephone services = nominal, direct object of expect.
That will expand their own telephone services = adjectival relative clause modifying way.
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Exercise 10.3
1.
A woman on a motorcycle reported that she had collided with a 250-pound bear.
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2.
An ambulance transported the woman to a hospital that treated her for a broken
collarbone.
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3.
The California Highway Patrol officers said that the woman was going 50 to 65 mph
when she hit the bear.
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4.
Officers believe that the shadows that occur in the late afternoon probably obscured the
bear.
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5.
The report that the bear had fled the scene surprised no one.
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Exercise 10.4
1.
Which has about150 million registered users = adjectival relative clause giving
additional information about Ebay.
2.
Where people can find anything from collectibles to automobiles = adjectival relative
clause modifying site.
3.
What is most remarkable about Ebay = nominal interrogative clause functioning as
subject of the sentence.
What it offers to buyers and sellers throughout Europe = nominal interrogative clause
functioning as subject complement.
4.
Which will probably be their biggest market in ten years = adjective relative clause
modifying China.
5.
How Ebay has come so far in such a short time = nominal interrogative clause
functioning as direct object of wonders.
6.
What has made Ebay such a success = nominal interrogative clause functioning as direct
object of learn.
7.
Where they could see how large Ebay has become = adjectival relative clause modifying
headquarters.
How large Ebay has become = nominal interrogative clause functioning as direct object
of see.
8.
How they can attract as many buyers and sellers as those who use Ebay = nominal
interrogative clause functioning as direct object of ask.
Who use Ebay = adjectival relative clause modifying those.
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Exercise 10.5
1.
Sylvia asked where the tour guide was taking us next. Where the tour guide was taking us
next = interrogative clause functioning as direct object of asked.
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2.
Henry wondered whose bags were still on the bus. Whose bags were still on the bus =
interrogative clause functioning as direct object of wondered
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3.
We had an argument about which group was going to the grotto. Which group was going
to the grotto = interrogative clause functioning as object of the preposition about
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4.
How we were going to see the ruins in under an hour didn’t worry Maggie. How we were
going to see the ruins in under one hour = interrogative clause functioning as subject of
the sentence
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Exercise 10.6
1.
Traffic ground to a halt when two cars collided in the fast lane.
When two cars collided in the fast lane, traffic ground to a halt.
2.
After Velda’s car had not moved for five minutes, she turned off her engine.
Velda turned off her engine after her car had not moved for five minutes.
Velda, after her car had not moved for five minutes, turned off her engine.
3.
Ben got out his cell phone so that he could call his office.
So that he could call his office, Ben got out his cell phone.
Ben, so that he could call his office, got out his cell phone.
4.
Although a tow truck drove along the side of the highway to the accident, traffic still
didn’t move.
Traffic still didn’t move, although a tow truck drove along the side of the highway to the
accident.
5.
When the automobiles finally began to move, the drivers forgot their annoyance.
The drivers forgot their annoyance when the automobiles finally began to move.
Exercise 10.7
1.
The elliptical clause in the second sentence is a dangling modifier that seems to imply
that the orchestra was unhappy about his seat location. A clearer version might read,
Pierre sent in his symphony subscription check late. Although he was unhappy about his
seat location, the orchestra would without a doubt play just as well without seeing him in
the center of the front row.
2.
The elliptical clause is a dangling modifier that seems to imply that Pierre’s computer
was waiting for the concert to start. A clearer version might read, While Pierre was
waiting for the concert to start, his computer helped him to pass the time.
3.
The elliptical clause is a dangling modifier that seems to imply that Pierre is fully
charged. A clearer version might read, He can get two hours from his computer’s battery
when it is fully charged.
4.
A prepositional phrase is punctuated as a sentence, creating a sentence fragment.
Punctuated correctly, it becomes part of the preceding sentence: During the concerto,
someone’s cell phone began to ring, in spite of the warning broadcast before the
performance.
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5.
The elliptical clause is a dangling modifier that seems to imply that the tables were
waiting in line. A clearer version might read: After waiting in line to purchase a drink at
the intermission, Pierre found that all of the tables were taken.
6.
A prepositional phrase is punctuated as a sentence, creating a sentence fragment.
Punctuated correctly, it becomes part of the preceding sentence: Many of the people
sitting around Pierre were late returning to their seats despite the repeated warning bells
that rang every two minutes.
Dependent Clauses Beginning with That
1.
That the euro is here to stay = nominal clause, direct object of assumed.
2.
That started the year at $1.35 = adjectival relative clause modifying euro.
3.
That the French and Dutch rejected the European Union’s constitution = nominal clause
subject of the sentence.
4.
That a break-up of the European monetary union might occur = appositive nominal
clause renaming suggestion.
5.
That inflated prices followed the switch to the euro = appositive nominal clause renaming
fact.
6.
[That] they would be better off with a return of the German mark = nominal clause,
direct object of believed; that has been omitted.
7.
[That] his country would be better off = nominal clause, direct object of said; that has
been omitted.
8.
That exports would cease to be competitive = nominal clause, direct object of feared.
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Other Dependent Clauses
1.
Who have lived in the Americas for tens of thousands of years = adjectival relative clause
giving additional information about mountain lions.
Where they have traditionally roamed = adjectival relative clause modifying areas.
2.
[That] they have been given = adjectival relative clause modifying names.
3.
That lives in the Santa Monica mountains in California = adjectival relative clause
modifying puma.
4.
What made the babies special = nominal interrogative clause, subject of the sentence.
That they were the offspring of the last two known pumas in the Santa Monica mountains
= nominal that-clause, subjective complement
5.
Which included newspapers, television, and the Associated Press = adjectival relative
clause giving additional information about media.
6.
Where they can hide = nominal interrogative clause, direct object of learn.
In which dry stream beds they can find seeping water = nominal interrogative clause,
direct object of learn.
What constitutes a good hunting ground = nominal interrogative clause, direct object of learn.
7.
Before they are 18 months old = adverbial subordinate clause; passes all four tests.
8.
Who are known as Puma 1 and Puma 2 = adjectival relative clause giving additional
information about parents.
That show where they roam = adjectival relative clause modifying collars
Where they roam = nominal interrogative clause, direct object of show.
9.
[That was] held 10 months before the birth of the cubs = adjectival relative clause modifying
investigation.
That their father was attacking a rancher’s goats = nominal that-clause, direct object of
indicated.
10.
After he learned that Puma 1 was the last known male in the mountains = adverbial
subordinate clause; passes all four tests.
That Puma 1 was the last known male in the mountains = nominal interrogative clause, direct
object of learned.
Who had received permission to shoot the mountain lion = adjectival relative clause giving
additional information about rancher.
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11.
When they heard the news that four cubs had been born in the wild = adverbial subordinate
clause; passes all four tests.
That four cubs had been born in the wild = appositive nominal clauses, renames news.
12.
That the Santa Monica Mountains don’t provide enough wild land to support six pumas =
nominal clause, subjective complement.
13.
In which to roam and forage = adjectival relative clause modifying miles.
14.
Who is not around when the cubs are born = adjectival relative clause giving additional
information about father puma.
When the cubs are born = adverbial subordinate clause; passes all four tests.
Subordinate Clauses - Form and Function
1.
When a cat disappears
FORM = Subordinate clause
FUNCTION = Adverbial modifier
2.
That it will never return
FORM = That-clause
FUNCTION = Nominal, direct object of worry
3.
If a child had disappeared
FORM = Subordinate clause
FUNCTION = Adverbial modifier
4.
What people have used up until now to identify their pets
FORM = Interrogative clause
FUNCTION = Nominal, subject of sentence
5.
That make them unsatisfactory in some situations
FORM = Relative clause
FUNCTION = Adjectival, modifier of limitations
6.
That cats should be “microchipped”
FORM = That-clause
FUNCTION = Nominal, direct object of are recommending
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7.
That is no bigger than a grain of rice
FORM = Relative clause
FUNCTION = Adjectival, modifies microchip
8.
Which contains an identifying numerical code
FORM = Relative clause
FUNCTION = Adjectival, modifies chip
9.
How to read the information on the microchip
FORM = Interrogative clause
FUNCTION = Nominal, direct object of know