ESL216 High Intermediate Grammar Name______________________________ Rick Robinson, Instructor ID#________________________________ Date_______________________________ EXERCISE: Phrases and Clauses, Gerunds and Infinitives Directions: Identify the type of UNDERLINED phrase or clause in each sentence below. EXAMPLE: The man in the corner is my friend. You write: This structure is an adjective prepositional phrase that modifies the noun “man.”
…or… This group of words is a prepositional phrase that modifies the “man.”
…or… This is an adverb prepositional phrase that modifies the noun “man.”
EXAMPLE: I enjoy cooking Chinese food. You write: This structure is a gerund phrase that is the direct object of the verb “enjoy.”
…or… This group of words is a gerund phrase that is the direct object of the verb “enjoy.”
…or… This is a gerund phrase that is the direct object of the transitive verb “enjoy.”
1. My grandfather is used to getting up early. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Mr. Smith encouraged his children to study Chinese. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Yesterday, there was a big meeting where Mary works. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 4. The meeting where Mary works ended at 3:00 p.m.. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Having been out of work for a few months, Mary took up the job of waiting on patients in hospitals. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. I hope to meet someone whom my parents will like. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The President, who has written several books, is a great man. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. I am unhappy because she has done that. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The boy pretended to be sick, but, in fact, he didn't have a fever. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Would you mind closing the window? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. John is sitting in the corner. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. I will talk to you when I get to the party. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Sam Hopper, whom I like very much, telephoned me last night. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. The man on the corner is my friend. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. I wonder where I will be in ten years. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 16. Winning the lottery was the most important event in my life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 17. However, I forgot to mail the letter, which is still in my briefcase. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18. However, I forgot to mail the letter, which is still in my briefcase. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 19. We expected to see better results after so much hard work. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Tell me the reason why she has done this. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 21. Anyone who wants to learn English can enroll in ESL classes at Laney College. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ANSWERS: 1. This structure is a gerund phrase that is the object of the preposition “to.”
2. This is an (adverb) infinitive phrase that modifies the verb “encouraged.”
3. “Where Mary works” is an adverb clause that modifies the verb “was (be).”
4. This clause is an adjective clause that modifies the noun “meeting.”
5. This group of words is a participial phrase that modifies the noun “Mary.”
6. This group of words is an adjective clause that modifies the word “someone.”
7. This is an adjective clause that modifies the noun “President.”
8. This group of words is an adverb clause that modifies the verb “am (be).”
9. This is an infinitive phrase that is the direct object of the verb “pretend.”
10. This structure is a gerund phrase that is the direct object of the verb “mind.”
11. This is an adverb prepositional phrase that modifies the verb “is sitting.”
12. This structure is an adverb clause that modifies the verb “talk.”
13. This is an adjective clause that modifies the noun “Sam Hopper.”
14. This is an adjective prepositional phrase that modifies the noun “man.”
15. This is a noun clause that is the direct object of the verb “wonder.”
16. This structure is a gerund phrase that is the subject of the sentence.
17. This infinitive phrase (noun)is the direct object of the transitive verb “forgot.”
18. “Which is still in my briefcase” is an adjective clause that modifies “letter.”
19. This is an infinitive phrase that is the direct object of the verb “expected.”
20. “Why she has done this” is an adjective clause that modifies the noun “reason.
21. “Who wants to learn English” is an adjective clause that modifies “anyone.” 3