UNITED NATIONS
NATIONS UNIES
‫أﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
Организация Объединенных Наций
联合国
NACIONES UNIDAS
OFFICE OF UN RESIDENT AND HUMANITARIAN CO-ORDINATOR
FOR THE SUDAN
Darfur
Humanitarian
Profile No. 2
01 May 2004
Next update: 1 June 2004
P.O. Box 913, 11111, Khartoum, SUDAN. Tel.: (249) 11-780565 Fax: (249) 11-783826 www.unsudanig.org
Map 1
SUDAN
2
3
Introduction
1.
The Darfur Humanitarian Profile is a ‘living document’ that aims to provide as
comprehensive an overview as possible of the number and locations of internally
displaced persons (IDPs) and other people affected by the recent conflict in Darfur, and
a description of the current humanitarian agency presence in Darfur. This monthly
report aims to provide the most recent information and data available from the field.
Most importantly, however, the Humanitarian Profile aims to clearly outline and analyse
the needs and gaps in the following sectors: food, shelter, clean water, sanitation,
primary health care facilities, basic drug supplies, secondary health facilities, and EPI
(immunisation) as of 1 May 2004. As such it is a benchmark for assessing the overall
humanitarian situation in Darfur and the adequacy of the current humanitarian
response. It is further being used for contingency/programme planning and for
advocacy and resource mobilisation. A necessary caveat however is that protection
remains the IDPs foremost priority and lack of security impacts the relief assistance
programme throughout the Darfurs.
2.
The Humanitarian Profile consists of the following three elements:
•
A narrative overview including charts and maps, overview tables, providing key
figures for each Darfur state regarding numbers of IDPs and affected people and
gaps in each humanitarian sector. All figures are provided both for the affected
population as a whole and for those that are currently accessible by the United
Nations;
•
An overview and analysis of humanitarian assistance distribution, access and
protection issues for each state;
•
And, an overall analysis of the humanitarian needs and gaps based on the data
provided in the respective state annexes.
3.
Annexes for North, South, and West Darfur provide the information on
humanitarian gaps in the overview tables and is specified for each individual IDP
location in a one-page matrix. This matrix includes further details on current response,
pipeline issues, and action points for the specific location.
Methodology
4.
The one-page matrices for each IDP location have been filled in at the field level,
in cooperation with humanitarian agencies on the ground as well as state
Governments. These matrices are linked to an overview table, which is updated
automatically each time a figure in one of the matrices is changed. At the Khartoumlevel, the overview tables from North, South and West Darfur are linked to a number of
Darfur-wide tables. A number of charts and maps based on the Darfur-wide tables are
then produced along with a narrative description of the findings. The Humanitarian
Profile is updated on a monthly basis and placed on the internet (www.unsudanig.org).
The process is facilitated by an appropriately trained OCHA staff member in each of the
three Darfur State capitals as well as by a dedicated OCHA information officer and
database/GIS specialist in Khartoum.
5.
Each of the three Darfur States are administratively divided into a number of
Localities sub-divided into Administrative Units, which are further sub-divided into
Village Councils, consisting of a number of villages. IDP locations in this Profile usually
4
cover one of these three types of geographical areas. The administrative boundaries in
Darfur have changed since the previous Humanitarian Profile of 1 April, and are
reflected and represented in the maps in this document.
5.
The information in the Humanitarian Profile is collected based on a
comprehensive list of principles and assumptions, which can be found at the end of this
document (before the annexes). Although achievement of Sphere standards is the
ultimate goal, different assumptions are used, given the operating circumstances.
These assumptions have been agreed by humanitarian agencies working in Darfur
since the Humanitarian Profile project was first launched in September 2003. Given the
demanding operational environment, the fluidity of the situation on the ground and
difficulty of obtaining and verifying information, the Profile represents only our best
understanding of the situation as of 1 May 2004.
7.
The gaps indicated in the Profile are set against providing all affected people
with basic services, although it is recognised that the human development indicators for
Sudan as a whole, indicate that even in peaceful regions of the Sudan the basic human
needs of a significant proportion of the population remain unfulfilled.1 Nevertheless, full
coverage must remain the target of humanitarian interventions in Darfur given the
extreme vulnerability of its conflict affected population who are generally living in
extremely crowded conditions, having lost all sources of livelihood, and prone to
various potentially fatal diseases. As a result vulnerability is not a static level, but is at
risk of seriously deteriorating further.
8.
The Humanitarian Profile focuses solely on immediate humanitarian needs. This
reflects the current reality of continued (yet sporadic) attacks and insecurity despite the
cease-fire, as people remain fearful of returning to their homes or even accepting
humanitarian materials such as shelter, due to further anticipated looting and
harassment by militias. Nevertheless, brief references are made in some matrices to
assistance provided to farming and education. In general, however, substantive
recovery aspects need to be addressed through a separate planning exercise about to
be initiated by UNDP, while longer-term development needs must be addressed at a
later stage once a substantiated peace has returned to Greater Darfur Region.
Please address any comments to:
Comments on the information in this Profile should be directed to:
Rob Holden, Senior Humanitarian Affairs Officer, Head of UN Darfur Coordination and
Information Cell
Office telephone: +249 (0) 183 773 121 ext. 329
Mobile Telephone: +249 (0) 9 123 064 69
[email protected]
Jessica Bowers, Information Officer, UN Darfur Coordination and Information Cell
Office telephone: +249 (0) 183 773 121 ext. 360
Mobile Telephone: +249 (0) 9 121 600 66
Email: [email protected]
1
According to the Human Development Report 2003, Sudan’s HDI is 138 of 175; it is 52 among 94 developing
countries on the Human Poverty Index; life expectancy at birth is 55.4 (66.7 world average); 75% of the population
have access to an improved water source; and 62% of the population have access to improved sanitation.
5
Situational Overview
Conflict affected population
1.
Following an invitation from the President of Sudan, the UN Secretary-General
deployed a high level fact-finding mission led by Mr. James Morris, Executive Director
of WFP on 28 April to 02 May 2004. The purpose was to broadly assess the
humanitarian situation and identify ways to improve the response to the crisis and the
condition of the vulnerable population. The mission found the humanitarian situation to
be very grave, with the potential to worsen dramatically. Further, that humanitarian
assistance is urgently needed and recommended the GoS to strive to ensure the
safety, security, and freedom of movement of all civilians in Darfur, allow unimpeded
humanitarian access to the region, and prevent further human rights violations. The
mission further recommended that the international community promote the protection
of civilians, attempt to decentralise assistance, and quickly increase staff and resources
to the Darfur emergency. Since the visit, UN agencies are increasing capacity and
recruiting experienced staff to fill gaps in humanitarian presence. (A copy of the
mission report can be found at www.unsudanig.org).
2.
A UN Human Rights Commission team was also granted access to Darfur from
22 April to 02 May 2004. The mission reviewed the human rights situation and filed a
report on 7 May 2004. The report stated that the GoS should “unequivocally condemn
all actions and crimes committed by the Janjaweed (militia) and ensure that all militias
are immediately disarmed and disbanded.” (A copy of the mission report can be found
at www.unsudanig.org).
3.
Since the signing of a 45 day Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement on 8 April
(effective on 12 April), hostilities in the three Darfur states have decreased, though
there is a continued sense of insecurity and fear apparent throughout the war-affected
communities. The primary and overriding concern of most conflict-affected people
continues to be protection and security. The signing of the cease-fire agreement has
allowed agencies to access previously unreachable areas. In addition it has helped, in
a limited way, to increase the humanitarian response to the internally displaced and
war-affected population. However, access to many areas remains hindered due to the
difficulties resulting from a lack of capacity on the part of UN and other operational
agencies, which is further exacerbated by continued Government of Sudan (GoS)
delays in issuing visas and travel permits for humanitarian personnel and their slow
release of essential humanitarian supplies and equipment.
4.
The scale and impact of the humanitarian crisis in Darfur continues to rise,
despite the cease-fire agreement. The conflict engulfed the entire region and further
stressed the already fragile livelihoods of the region. As has been well documented,
hundreds of villages have been systematically attacked, possessions looted,
agricultural fields scorched, dwellings burnt, thousands of inhabitants were reportedly
killed while many more were displaced. Our best estimates for the number of IDPs in
Darfur are as follows (see chart 1 below). During this reporting period several patterns
have emerged:
•
Violence continues, though to a lesser degree. This has been described as
‘tribal conflict’, although most state the violence is between the warring parties or
militias such as Janjaweed;
6
•
IDPs continue to relocate to the main urban areas to stay with host population,
making identification of beneficiary populations more difficult;
•
And, reports show a growing concern that the GoS is increasing pressure on
IDPs to return their places of origin or to other areas, against the will of the
population – a position that the UN and its partners will not support.
5.
It is now estimated that there are in excess of 2 million conflict-affected people in
Darfur, as compared to 1.1 million people in the previous Humanitarian Profile of April
2004. Of this almost one million are IDPs. More than half the IDPs, about 432,329, are
currently located in West Darfur, while there are approximately 320,906 IDPs in North
Darfur and 233,138 in South Darfur, where identification of IDPs and locations is still
underway. Please note total numbers do not take into account El Mashtel Camp in El
Fasher, North Darfur (16,813 IDPs and conflict-affected). The statistical differences
from the previous Humanitarian Profile are due in part to revised and improved data
and access, and as a result of IDP movements through the month of April 2004. In
addition, more than 110,000 refugees are estimated by UNHCR to have fled to
neighbouring Chad.
Chart 1
Darfur IDPs (UN estimates since September 2003)
1,200,000
986,373
1,000,000
North Darfur
Number of IDPs
800,000
South Darfur
West Darfur
600,000
Total
432,329
400,000
320,906
233,138
200,000
0
Sept'03
Oct'03
Nov'03
Dec'03
Jan'04
Feb'04
Mar'04
Apr'04
Month
In areas where IDPs congregate, the total number of displaced is at times double to
quintuple that of permanent residents. IDPs and those hosting them are in some ways
easier to identify, since IDPs tend to gather in more densely populated areas. For this
reason, only those conflict affected people that are either IDPs or residents in areas
hosting IDPs are included in this Profile as seen in Chart 2 (below). In addition, the
Humanitarian Profile includes only those conflict-affected people that have been
identified or assessed by credible humanitarian agencies.
7
CHART 2
Estimated Number of Conflict Affected Population
(IDPs and Host Communities)
Total: 1,090,009 North: 349,333 South: 284,847
West: 455,829
Number of People
1200000
103,636
1000000
Host Communities
800000
IDPs
600000
23,500
986,373
400000
28,427
51,709
200000
320,906
432,329
233,138
0
Total
North
South
West
Darfur State
6.
Protection and security remain the foremost concern and priority of most IDPs
and humanitarian agencies. If allowed, IDPs continue to move within the region to
safer places following attacks on their current places of refuge. Despite the
announcement of the ceasefire by the warring parties, human rights abuses are still
being reported from the IDP communities and other war-affected people. The
displaced are concentrated in areas from which, if they dare to venture, will often be the
target for Janjaweed attacks, especially when IDPs leave the village to collect firewood,
fodder, and food. It is still the case that men fear death and women beatings, rape, and
abduction.
The main protection concerns are:
• Threats to life
• Freedom of movement
• Forced relocation
• Forced return
• Sexual violence
• Restricted access to humanitarian assistance, social services, sources of
livelihood, and basic services
7.
Freedom of movement is severely restricted. Most people are not free to leave
their villages and/or locations of refuge (as in Wadi Saleh or Kass) and may be putting
their life at risk if they try to do so. Armed militias on camels and horses are still often
seen, with and without uniforms, wandering around the villages and IDPs settlements
from where come continuous reports of harassment, looting, intimidation, and other
human rights violations. Daily life for host communities is equally perturbed. Return for
the displaced is currently rendered impossible, as they perceive their security in the
rural areas as not enforced. Reports also indicate that IDPs are not allowed the choice
8
of destination. In the South, many are turned back when they try to reach Nyala or
Kalma (known as “forced relocation”). In addition, authorities continue to pressure
other IDPs across the state to return to their places of origin (“forced return”), where the
Government of Sudan (GoS) want to regroup them in clusters, a violation of basic Civil
and Political Rights and the constitution of Sudan. In West Darfur, government funds
were mobilised to rehabilitate villages where IDPs do not want to return. Reports show
government officials forcing families to return to their villages of origin, only to be
harassed back into camps by marauding militias.
8.
There is a long pattern of ‘legitimising’ the Janjaweed by giving them uniforms,
and badges. The GoS use ‘regularised’ Janjaweed as a tool to enforce security in the
war-affected areas, including some IDP camps in April 2004. Police forces are being
withdrawn or their work undermined by the presence of the Popular Defence Force
(PDF). In addition, the government has set up a number of peace initiatives throughout
the region, but it is difficult to determine how effective many are. The GoS concept that
former persecutors will provide the security for their erstwhile victims undermines all
voluntary return efforts. Therefore, IDP return or relocation without violating national
and international law will be near impossible.
9.
Worrying trends have been observed across the province with the domination of
rural areas by the Arab militias. There are rumours that these people are settling on
land previously inhabited and worked by the displaced. For instance, Beida and Arara
families have reportedly travelled from Chad into West Darfur and nomads seem to
have settled in Kailek (South Darfur) once the village was emptied. There is concern
that the Government has no intention or ability to rein in the Janjaweed, or disarm
them.
10.
Sexual violence is also a grave concern, especially within the IDP communities
residing in camps and settlements. Women and girls collecting essential water and
wood are especially at risk, moreover reports indicate sexual violence occurring inside
the camps occur as well. Sexual violence can take more subtle forms: both men and
women report being forced to take their clothes off which constitutes a form of ‘mental
rape’ and imposes a tremendous humiliation and stress on victims. Humanitarian
agencies continue to follow the issue.
11.
Of increasing worry is the plight of Dinka IDPs in South Darfur, who have
become increasingly affected by the current crisis over this reporting period. Issues of
security, protection, and movements are starting to be documented by agencies
working in the south of the state. This has been raised with the authorities, have not
taken the situation seriously enough.
12.
The field offices report that access continues to be an issue, in part due to low
capacity levels of the UN and operational agencies covering. The main problem
relating to access is the continued delays, restrictions, and refusals by the GoS to issue
humanitarian workers with travel permits, supplies, and equipment. This severely
hampers proposed and urgently needed emergency intervention. However, this is not
the sole source of difficulty with respect to humanitarian access. In North Darfur and
South Darfur, many areas remain insecure and inaccessible. The ability to access the
victims of the war who need humanitarian assistance is also seriously constrained by
insecurity. Protection of the victims and safety of humanitarian workers and cargo
remains a key issue. During the month of April SLA soldiers temporarily detained two
WFP staff members while en route to a distribution. On another occasion, armed men
in uniform and on camelback targeted two UNICEF activities in Kalma camp.
9
13.
The food security situation in Darfur remains precarious and is likely to worsen.
In general, most accessible vulnerable populations receive food through the efforts of
WFP and its implementing partners. In a small number of locations in North Darfur
(Kebkabiya, Tawilla, Kutum, Fata Borno, and El Fasher-Town) relatively large and
stable groups of IDPs have gathered and access for humanitarian agencies has been
relatively consistent throughout April. In these locations, regular access has enabled
agencies to provide an adequate range of humanitarian assistance across a broad
range of sectors, according to the assessed priorities and agency specializations. In
April 2004, WFP distributed 8,895 metric tonnes to beneficiaries across Darfur and
assessments continue.
The agency estimates that 1.2 million will require
approximately 121,869 metric tonnes of food assistance between May and December
2004, or 13,540 metric tonnes per month (3.457 MT for North Darfur, 3,537 MT to
South Darfur, and 6,547 MT to West Darfur). These figures are likely to significantly
increase, given the needs of the resident population will increase over the coming
months. Given the increase in the needs of the resident population, WFP recently
approved a new emergency operation to cater to the needs of some 1.2 million waraffected beneficiaries.
14.
Water is scarce and sanitation and health facilities is almost nonexistent in most
locations were IDPs are seeking refuge. In the rural areas, services available are few,
as the operational environs are complex and volatile. Civilian infrastructure is all but
destroyed in rural areas, most dwellings are destroyed, civilians are scattered (often in
mountain areas), and as such issues of access, security, and deliberate government
delays complicate the challenge of assessment and service provision. At the rate of 3
per day, UNICEF expects to reach a target of 600 wells rehabilitated in Darfur by midMay, out of 2,700 identified wells in the region. Other basic services remain low, with
weak and inefficient health care, poor access to adequate water, hygiene and
sanitation practice.
15.
A key challenge is to rapidly mobilise significant inputs to address the shelter
and household needs of the war-affected population of the three Darfur States. The
internally displaced population (IDPs) in Darfur is estimated at one million, of which
some 250,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) are residing in settlements and need
comprehensive non-food items (NFI) assistance, while another 750,000 IDPs are in
need of partial NFI assistance. The shelter options in spontaneous settlements
throughout Darfur provide insufficient protection from the weather conditions and the
desert environment with its extreme temperatures. The approaching rainy season will
additionally complicate the IDPs’ living conditions raising the risks of communicable
diseases and potentially affecting the morbidity and mortality figures which have risen
since the displacement (see map 3 below). Shelter provisions to-date and current incountry stocks fall extremely short of the assessed and projected requirements. There
is an estimated 88% gap in the provision of shelter and NFI material (Darfur
Humanitarian Profile, 1 April 2004). Faced with a great urgency in the field and running
out of time to respond, the UN Sudan is adopting a flexible approach to the shelter and
NFI emergency relief.
10
Map 3 shows what populations may be accessible during the rainy season:
16.
Despite the decree issued by the central government that all medical care in the
Darfur province should be free, it has yet to be imposed, though WHO is following the
issue. The Ministry of Health (MoH) is reported to have so little funding from the central
government that it cannot initiate this much-needed plan. The result is a widespread
refusal by the population to go to hospitals and health centres for treatment for lack of
funds. WHO and ICRC continue to assist hospitals with essential drugs, material, and
equipment. The operating environment is very difficult, and will become more
challenging with the rainy season. In addition to insecurity, the dialogue among the
implementing partners is objectively difficult, and this further reduces the capacity and
local readiness to deliver humanitarian assistance.
Increased technical support is
provided with deployment of three international staff from headquarters and the
regional office for 6-week rotations, WHO has also seconded an international logistician
to UNJLC. In the three states WHO is focusing on activities so that health needs are
identified, monitored and properly addressed and the risks related to communicable
diseases, poor water supply and sanitation, an inadequate referral system poor access
and poor quality of primary health care are reduced. In April, WHO conducted health
11
assessments in four areas, in two areas the findings were grave. In Kalama the under-5
daily mortality rates were found to be oscillating between 4.5 and 5.5 per 10,000/day)
and in Kaliek, the under-5 mortality rate was found to be 147 per 10,000/day. Partners
were immediately alerted and the situation stabilized in both areas.
17.
Health agencies on the ground are battling against massive caseloads,
attempting to provide healthcare to tens of thousands of people. The problem is so
acute that in some areas a triage system was forced into use to address severe cases
and illnesses in the under five-years only. Malnutrition and child mortality rates
amongst the whole IDP population are starting to reach alarming levels. To highlight
the severity of the situation, over 400 children now being treated for Therapeutic
Feeding Centres in one camp (Mornei IDP Camp, West Darfur). To ensure access to
quality referral care WHO will support eight rural hospitals in Kass, Buram, Kebkabiya,
Garseilla, Eldeein, Idalfarsan and Saraf Orma.
18.
Much work has been done across Darfur, as can be seen above. However,
discussions continue between the UN agencies, NGOs, and donor community to satisfy
the clear deficiencies faced in Darfur. Increasing the staff, equipment, and funding for
the crisis is of utmost importance to defining a protection-oriented policy of assistance,
increasing the quality and pertinence of assessments, enhancing delivery and
implementation capacity, and improving monitoring capabilities.
Accessible population
19.
Chart 3 indicates the proportion of the conflict-affected people that are currently
accessible according to United Nations security standards. This figure for Darfur as a
whole is 77% (82% for North Darfur, 63% for South Darfur and 87% for West Darfur),
meaning that 859,897 conflict-affected people are located in areas that are accessible
according to UN security standards. This is up from 61% from the previous reporting
period. These figures give a general idea of the number of people that can be assisted,
although it does not present an entirely accurate picture for two reasons:
Chart 3 Estimated Number of People Accessible According to UN Security
Standards
1200000
1000000
23%
Not
Accessible
800000
Number of people
Accessible
600000
400000
77%
13%
18%
37%
200000
87%
82%
63%
0
Total
North
Darfur State
South
12
West
•
Although many NGOs tend to follow UN security standards, some NGOs will go
to areas even if the United Nations considers them no go areas;
•
Even if an area is considered safe according to UN security standards,
humanitarian agencies still require Government travel permits to go there.
These are often not granted or only granted after considerable delay. Thus the
performance of UN and other humanitarian agencies cannot be judged solely by
the extent to which the needs are met in so-called “accessible” areas.
•
Access does not mean that humanitarian assistance is being delivered.
People assisted and remaining gaps
20.
Chart 4 indicates the extent to which the needs of the conflict-affected
population have been met so far in each sector. It also highlights the remaining gaps.
The target population for most sectors is the total conflict affected population, including
IDPs and host communities, while only IDPs are targeted for the provision of shelter
material, sanitation and clean water. It is assumed that the host communities already
have access to water and sanitation at a level that does not require additional
emergency intervention. The target population for immunisation campaigns (EPI) are all
children under five, estimated at 17% of the conflict-affected population. The increased
number of IDPs identified is reflected in the percentages of gaps per sector.
Chart 4
Estimated Sectoral Needs and Gaps in Greater Darfur
1200000
Target Population
1000000
800000
61%
Gap
85%
600000
93%
85%
89%
Assisted
94%
96%
400000
200000
39%
98%
7%
0
Food
Shelter
15%
15%
4%
Clean water Sanitation
Sector
11%
6%
Primary Basic Drug Secondary
Health Care Supplies Health Care
Facilities
Facilities
2%
EPI
21.
The chart indicates that an estimated 61% of the conflict-affected population
currently does not have access to food assistance (up from 41% in the previous report).
There is a 93% gap (up 1%) in the provision of shelter material (and an 85% gap in the
provision of clean water (an 11% increase). The sanitation gap is estimated at 96%
(no change) - the lack of sanitation in the crowded IDP concentration areas is judged to
be a major health hazard, especially given the upcoming rainy season and rise in
13
seasonal temperatures. The gap in access to primary health care facilities is estimated
at 85% (up from 79%), while the gap in the provision of basic drug supplies is estimated
at 89% (up 7%). This indicates that the main problem is the lack of facilities to
distribute drugs rather than drug supplies, although major problems with the distribution
of free drugs have been reported due to lack of capacity to monitor Government
distributions to ensure that the drugs are indeed provided free of charge and to the
intended recipients. There is a 94% (no change) in access to secondary health care.
And lastly, is a 98% gap (no change) in the provision of basic vaccines to all children
under five, a dangerous situation that may lead to a serious risk of epidemics.
22.
Chart 5 (below) similarly provides an overview of gaps, but this time as a
percentage of the population accessible according to UN security standards. The gaps
(food 50%, shelter 92%, water 86%, sanitation 96%, primary health facilities 86%, basic
drugs 88%, and secondary health facilities 93%) are similar to those on Chart 4, and a
cause for concern.
23.
It should in this connection be noted that limited amounts of assistance are being
provided also in areas determined to be no-go areas according to UN security
standards. Thus, about 39,000 people in so-called non-accessible areas were being
assisted with WFP food aid as of 1 April 2004 through implementing partners willing to
take the additional risk, mainly in West Darfur. Approximately 108,000 people in “inaccessible” areas maintained access to health facilities, but none of these people had
access to free drug supplies, according to the data collected in this Profile. Finally,
1,800 people were being assisted with nutritional supplies in “in-accessible” areas as
compared to 6,900 being assisted in “accessible” areas.
Chart 5
Estimated Sectoral Needs and Gaps in Areas Accessible by UN
1000000
900000
Target population
800000
700000
600000
50%
500000
92%
400000
86%
86%
88%
93%
96%
Gap
Assisted
300000
200000
50%
100000
0
Food
8%
14%
Shelter
Clean water
14%
4%
Sanitation
12%
7%
Primary
Basic Drug Secondary
Health Care Supplies Health Care
Facilities
Facilities
Sector
24.
The maps on the following pages provide an overview of the presence of
humanitarian agencies in each of the three Darfur States. Some NGOs provide only
very limited humanitarian assistance since their focus is on development work and on
other target populations than the conflict affected. This is true for DED, ITDG and to
some extent Oxfam in North Darfur and for DED, Oxfam and SC-UK in South Darfur.
Thus, the current presence is even smaller than the one indicated below, where UN
agencies, international NGOs and national NGOs are displayed separately for each
state. National NGO capacity is especially weak, while only a handful of international
14
NGOs currently are providing assistance in each State (although new NGOs such as
CARE, ACF, GAA, Concern, SC-US and IRC are in the process of setting up
operations). Overall, the number of humanitarian actors is woefully inadequate to deal
with the very large number of affected people in need of urgent humanitarian
assistance.
25.
Chart 6 below indicates that not only the number of agencies is limited, but also
that the number of staff employed is extremely limited in comparison with the scale of
the crisis. The total number of UN and INGO staff in Greater Darfur is 128 international
to 972 national (programme and project staff only). This means that there is roughly
only one international staff per 8,500 IDPs and one national staff per 1,500 IDPs, which
is very low given that assistance is required in all sectors (the ratio becomes even more
extreme when compared to the overall number of conflict affected people in Darfur). It
is clear that more qualified and experienced emergency staff is urgently needed to be
placed on the ground in Darfur.
Chart 6
Total Number of Humanitarian Staff Working in Each Darfur State
500
450
400
350
Number
300
National
International
450
250
200
267
255
150
100
50
45
36
47
North
South
West
0
26.
Chart 7 below provides a breakdown of UN and NGO staff working in each
Darfur state. The chart again highlights the lack of overall capacity
humanitarian agencies, especially that of national NGOs.
Chart 7
Number of UN and NGO Staff Working in each Darfur State
450
416
400
350
300
229
224
250
International
National
200
150
100
50
29
34
10
1
14
10
26
40
26
0
7
0
20
0
14
0
UN
INGOs
NORTH
NGOs
UN
INGOs
NGOs
UN
SOUTH
INGOs
WEST
15
NGOs
List of acronyms
ACF
AU
DED
EPI
FAO
FMoH
GOS
IARA
ICRC
IDP
IRC
ITDG
KSCS
MA
MSF-F/H/B
Action Contre La Faim (Action Against Hunger)
Administrative Unit
Deutscher Entwicklungs Dienst (German Development Agency)
Expanded Programme of Immunisation
United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation
Federal Ministry of Health
Government of Sudan
Islamic African Relief Agency
International Committee of the Red Cross
Internally displaced person
International Rescue Committee
Intermediate Technology Development Group
Kebkabiya Smallholders Charity Society
Medical Assistant
Medicins
Sans
Frontieres
(Doctors
Without
Borders)
France/Holland/Belgium
MT
Metric Ton
NCA
Norwegian Church Aid
NFI
Non-food item
NRC
Norwegian Refugee Council
OCHA
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
PHC
Public health care
SC-UK/US
Save the Children – United Kingdom/United States
SFC
Supplementary Feeding Centre
SMoH
State Ministry of Health
SRC
Sudan Red Crescent Society
SUDO
Sudan Development Organisation
TFC
Therapeutic Feeding Centre
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNICEF
United Nations Children’s Fund
UNHCR
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNSECOORD Office of the UN Security Coordinator
WES
Government water and sanitation agency
WFP
United Nations World Food Programme
WHO
United Nations World Health Organisation
16
–
Humanitarian Needs and Gaps in Greater Darfur Region
Table 1.1: Humanitarian Needs and Gaps
Conflict Affected People
Total
number
State
North Darfur
South Darfur
West Darfur
TOTAL
349,333
284,847
455,829
1,090,009
Food
Accessibl Persons
e by UN, currently
%
assisted
Affected
residents
IDPs
320,906
233,138
432,329
986,373
Shelter
28,427
51,709
23,500
103,636
5
18
8
10
Gap, #
people
153,564
41,332
232,323
427,219
of
Gap, %
195,769
243,515
223,506
662,790
56
85
49
61
Clean water
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, #
people
37,536
29,790
67,326
of
Persons
currently
Gap, % assisted
283,370
233,138
402,539
919,047
88
100
93
93
Gap, #
people
44,900
40,435
63,117
148,452
of Gap,
%
276,006
192,703
369,212
837,921
86
83
85
85
Table 1.2: Humanitarian Needs and Gaps (continued)
Conflict affected
Total
number
State
Sanitation
Primary health care facilities Basic drug supplies
Persons
currently
assisted
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, #
people
of
Gap, %
Gap, #
people
of
Gap, %
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, #
people
Secondary health care
Persons
of
currently
Gap, % assisted
Gap, #
people
North Darfur
349,333
20,000
300,906
94
270
349,063
100
20,015
329,318
94
349,333
100
South Darfur
West Darfur
284,847
455,829
15,680
233,138
416,649
100
96
162,752
284,847
293,077
100
64
20,000
82,674
264,847
373,155
93
82
61,159
284,847
394,670
100
87
1,090,009
35,680
950,693
96
163,022
926,987
85
122,689
967,320
89
61,159
1,028,850
94
TOTAL
-
of Gap,
%
Table 1.3: Humanitarian Needs and Gaps (continued)
Conflict affected
Total
number
State
North Darfur
South Darfur
West Darfur
TOTAL
349,333
284,847
455,829
1,090,009
EPI
Nutrition
Agriculture
Persons
currently
assisted
Persons
currently
assisted
Persons
currently
assisted
5,455
1,411
6,866
Gap, #
people
of
134,789
111,715
101,639
348,143
Gap, %
96
99
100
98
24,034
24,034
Gap, #
people
of
29,154
85,298
79,740
194,192
Gap, %
100
77
89
Education
Gap, #
people
-
Persons
of
currently
Gap, % assisted
85,298
12,472
97,770
PLEASE NOTE: Final numbers DO NOT take into account El Mashtel camp (16,813 IDPs and conflict affected) in El Fasher, North Darfur.
100
100
100
Gap, #
people
650
707
1,357
of Gap,
%
24,787
24,787
97
95
Humanitarian Needs and Gaps in Areas Accessible to the UN
Table 2.1: Darfur Humanitarian Needs and Gaps
Conflict Affected People
Total
number
State
Food
Affected
residents
IDPs
Shelter
%
Persons
accessibl currently
e by UN assisted
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
Clean water
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
North Darfur
South Darfur
West Darfur
284,961
178,759
396,177
256,534
127,050
384,177
28,427
51,709
12,000
82
63
87
153,564
41,332
232,323
131,397
137,427
163,854
46
77
41
37,536
20,650
218,998
127,050
363,527
85
100
95
44,900
63,117
211,634
127,050
321,060
82
100
84
TOTAL
859,897
767,761
92,136
77
427,219
432,678
50
58,186
709,575
92
108,017
659,744
86
Table 2.2: Darfur Humanitarian Needs and Gaps (continued)
Conflict affected
Sanitation
Total
number
State
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
Primary health care facilities
Basic drug supplies
Secondary health care
Persons
currently
assisted
Persons
currently
assisted
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
North Darfur
South Darfur
West Darfur
284,961
178,759
396,177
20,000
8,020
236,534
127,050
376,157
92
100
98
270
122,353
284,691
178,759
273,824
100
100
69
20,015
82,674
264,946
178,759
313,503
93
100
79
61,159
284,961
178,759
335,018
100
100
97
TOTAL
859,897
28,020
739,741
96
122,623
737,274
86
102,689
757,208
88
61,159
798,738
93
Table 2.3: Darfur Humanitarian Needs and Gaps (continued)
Conflict affected
EPI
Total
number
State
Nutrition
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
Agriculture
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
Persons
currently
assisted
Education
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, # of
people
Gap, %
North Darfur
South Darfur
West Darfur
284,961
178,759
396,177
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
TOTAL
859,897
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PLEASE NOTE: Final numbers DO NOT take into account El Mashtel camp (16,813 IDPs and conflict affected) in El Fasher, North Darfur.
Number and locations of conflict affected people (IDPs and host communities)
Table 3.1: North Darfur
Table 3.2: South Darfur
Conflict Affected People
31,115
20,015
Kutum town
87,706
78,706
Kutum rural
8,711
8,711
Fata Borno AU
Tina AU
9,000
Kalma Camp
17,250
17,250
-
100
Geneina Town
100
100
Al Malam
Ta'asha Area
12,083
10,464
12,083
10,464
-
100
Ardamata camp
Sisi Camp
100
East Jebel Marra
13,680
13,680
-
-
8,907
8,907
-
-
14,865
14,865
-
100
3,923
3,923
-
100
-
100
3,392
3,392
-
100
17,000
17,000
-
-
7,500
7,500
-
-
13,000
-
-
Kass Town
Kabkabiya town
61,848
61,848
-
100
Shataya
100
9,000
100
6,000
3,000
100
100
13,490
100
Saraf Omra Town
25,689
12,199
26,470
26,470
-
20
5,696
5,696
-
100
TOTAL
349,333
320,906
28,427
8
TOTAL
ACCESSIBLE
284,961
256,534
28,427
82
Waha
Nyala Town*
13,000
Mellit Locality
El
Waha,
"Damra"**
Mellit
Yara
Umm Baru AU
Jebel Si AU
Birkat Seira Town
Locality
Admininistrative
Unit/Location
100
Bielel camp*
Abu Ajura (Dinka
IDPs)*
Kornoi AU
Kebkabiya
-
IDPs
%
access
by UN
a.k.a.
PLEASE NOTE: Total numbers DO NOT take into account El Mashtel camp
(16,813 IDPs and conflict affected) in El Fasher, North Darfur.
8,831
8,831
-
100
23,652
4,104
23,652
4,104
-
100
100
Sandada Village
3,383
1,383
Geneina AU, rest
37,000
37,000
Masteri AU
18,000
18,000
Mornei AU
64,617
59,617
2,000
5,000
100
100
5,398
-
Kernik AU
20,932
20,932
-
36,100
39,000
100
Kulbus AU
6,000
6,000
-
100
-
-
-
-
Sirba AU
5,851
5,851
-
100
Jemeza Komera
Hashaba
3,637
3,637
-
953
953
-
100
100
Seleia AU
Kandabei AU
7,619
5,270
7,619
5,270
-
100
100
Korele
2,336
2,336
-
100
Habilla AU
429
429
-
100
Beida AU, except:
Nyamma
1,417
1,417
-
100
Thur
6,489
6,489
-
100
Singita
1,134
1,134
-
100
Forabaranga
7,200
7,200
-
-
366
366
-
100
Zallingi
38,552
38,552
-
-
100
100
Zallingi
Azom
Rokero
12,472
12,472
-
100
100
100
-
Jebel
Marrah
Nertiti
Gulu
11,800
9,938
11,800
9,938
-
100
100
Dibis
204
204
-
1,312
1,312
-
Mersheng Area
26,146
13,437
12,709
Shareia Town*
5,000
5,000
-
Yassin, Muhajria,
Neteiga*
Ed Daein
Khor Omer
El Ferdous (Dinka
IDPs)
Adilla (Dinka IDPs)*
Kubum
Edd Al Fursan
Um Labassa*
Buram (Dinka
Buram
IDPs)*
TOTAL
TOTAL
ACCESSIBL
E
Total number IDPs
5,398
Kirew
Guba
Ed Daein
%
access
by UN
Affected
residents
75,100
Limo
Shareia
-
Geneina*
31,115
20,015
Locality
Affected
residents
15,923
15,923
-
-
15,358
15,358
-
10,733
10,733
-
100
6,800
6,800
-
-
Kulbus
Korma AU
Tawilla AU
2,937
Total
number
Habilla
29,154
Admininistrative
Unit/Location
Conflict Affected People
Mukjar
Wadi saleh
32,091
Nyala
Total number IDPs
El Fasher town
%
access
by UN
Affected
residents
Kass
Kutum
El Fasher
Locality
Admininistrative
Unit/Location
Table 3.3: West Darfur
Conflict Affected People
-
100
8,759
8,759
12,000
2,500
Arara VC
4,250
4,250
-
-
Congo Harazza VC
6,060
6,060
-
-
9,500
-
Mukjar
18,318
18,318
-
-
Artala
Um Dukum
38,000
9,150
38,000
9,150
-
-
Garseila
18,425
18,425
-
-
Bindisi
18,989
18,989
Deleij
Um Kher
23,345
13,312
16,345
13,312
7,000
-
455,829
432,329
23,500
5
396,177
384,177
12,000
87
5,415
5,415
-
-
2,001
2,001
-
15,500
15,500
-
100
100
-
2,024
2,024
-
-
284,847
233,138
51,709
18
TOTAL
TOTAL
ACCESSI
BLE
178,759
127,050
51,709
63
* Ardamata camp, 3 km North of Geneina town, is listed separately in the table
-
Principles and assumptions
The following tables and location-specific matrixes are based on the following principles and assumptions:
Table 4.1 Principles and assumptions
Category
Total number
of conflict
affected people
Principles/assumptions
Defined as the number of IDPs and affected residents (see below). In general, only the most recent verified population figures based on credible sources
are used. If not available, or no longer relevant, an OCHA estimate based on various less reliable sources may be used. All sources are indicated in the
upper-right corner of the location-specific matrixes
IDPs (Internally
Displaced
Persons)
Affected
residents
% accessible
by UN
Total and total
accessible
Agency/partner
Persons
currently
assisted
Gap, # of
people
Gap %
Target
population
Planned/
pipeline
Comments
Action points
Defined as "persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a
result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made
disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized border" (Source: UN's Guiding Principles )
More loosely defined as habitual residents or returnees, not including IDPs, seriously affected by the recent conflict and as a result in need of humanitarian
assistance.
Percentage of the total number of conflict affected people in each location accessible according to UN security standards and to where travel permits are
being provided by the Government as of the date of this document
"TOTAL" indicates the total figures for the State as a whole; "TOTAL ACCESSIBLE" indicates the total figures for the accessible areas of the State only
Humanitarian agencies and implementing partners, including Government agencies, involved in the delivery of humanitarian assistance. Agencies not yet
This is a shap-shot estimate of the number of people assisted as of the date indicated on the front page of this document. It is based on the sectorspecific assumptions listed below.
Target population minus persons currently assisted
Gap as a percentage of the target population
The population targeted for humanitarian assistance. The figure varies according to the sectors of intervention (total conflict affected population for food,
number of IDPs for shelter, etc.)
Supplies not yet distributed to the target population but on their way
Details underlying the "persons currently assisted" figure, e.g. last food ration delivered on what date, who delivered what and how much, etc.
Action needed to improve the coverage of the target population
Table 4.2 Sector-specific assumptions
Sectors
Food
Shelter/NFIs
Clean water
Sanitation
Nutrition
Primary health
facilities
Basic drug
supplies
Secondary
health care
EPI
Agriculture
Education
Target
population
Total conflict
affected
population
IDPs
" "
" "
Malnourished
children under
five
Total conflict
affected
population
"
"
"
"
Children under
five
Affected people
with access to
land
Number of
school-age
children
Total conflict
affected
population
Assumptions
To feed 10,000 people for three months you need to provide about 526.5 MT assorted food (of which about 405 MT cereals). Assorted
food package includes cereal, pulses, oil, CSB, and salt.
"Persons currently assisted" is here defined as the number of people whose household (assumed to be 6 people) is provided with a
minimum of one plastic sheet AND two blankets (e.g. if 1,000 plastic sheets and 1,000 blankets are provided, only 500 households =
3,000 people are considered "assisted").* Details on distribution, also of other NFI items, will be provided under "comments" in the
location-specific matrix. Whether or not IDPs are living in camps will also be included here.
One handpump serves 500 people (although 250 people is the ideal according to Sphere standards)
One pit latrine serves 20 people (although 10 people is the ideal according to Sphere standards)
Persons assisted is defined as number of children under five receiving either therapeutic or supplementary feeding
Persons assisted is defined as number of people with access to primary health facilities based on the rule that there should be at least 1
doctor or medical assistant per 10,000 people (thus if only one medical assistant is available for 20,000 people, half the population will
be considered assisted)
One UNICEF kit covers 5,000 people for two months, while one WHO kit covers 10,000 people for three months. If adequate medical
personnel is available to distribute drugs to the entire population (and if drugs are distributed free of charge), then either all or none of
the target population will be considered to be assisted based on when the drugs were delivered and when they will run out. (E.g., if there
are 20,000 affected people, one kit will last only for two weeks - if more than two weeks have passed since distribution, then no persons
will be considered as currently assisted).
Target population is considered covered if free secondary health care is available within a 50 km radius.
The number of children under five is estimated at 17% of the target population (the number is automatically calculated from the total
number of affected people, unless it is in italics). Only if vaccines against measles and DPT3 (vaccine against the most common
childhood diseases) have been provided is the target population considered to be covered. Information on disase surveillance training
will be listed under "comments"
Coverage is defined as proportion of target population provided with seeds and tools
Coverage is defined as proportion of target population with access to free schooling
Narrative comments will be provided on current activities and plans since quantification is difficult. This column is therefore not included
Protection
in the quantitative overview of needs and gaps.
Camp
management
IDPs
"
"
*Note: Standard ICRC non-food item (NFI) kit covering one household includes tarpaulin plastic sheeting 6x4m for shelter, 2 blankets, 600g soap, 2 pairs of kangas
for clothing. Other kits are more comprehensive including cooking utensils, jerry cans, etc.