UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO
CERTIFIED IN HOMELAND SECURITY
LEVEL 4
(CHS-IV) COURSE
American Board for Certification in Homeland Security
2009 CHS-IV POI (MOD II SE)
Presented by: Colonel Andrew J. Jurchenko, Sr., CHS-V
United States Army (Retired)
ABIT, BLSI, CFI, DTI, IT, MMA-HRD, OCI/LLFIT, RCI
19-May-09
UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
•
Begin Course Title Page / Table Of Contents / Copyright / Acknowledgements and Credit of
Sources / Instructor VITA / Student Performance Objectives / and Quote … Slides 1 – 10
•
Terrorism, Terrorism Definitions / A Brief History of Terrorism … Slides 11 – 15
•
The National Strategy For Homeland Security … Slide 16
•
Words To Remember … Slides 17 – 18
•
Some Significant Characteristics of Terrorism … Slide 19
•
CHS Definition of Terrorism … Slide 20
•
Trends In Terrorism Today … Slide 21
•
Terrorist Groups / Sources of Terrorism “The Threat” / Terrorist Groups Today / Major
Terrorist Groups Today … Slides 22 – 41
•
Major International Terrorist Events 2006 … Slides 42 – 51
19-May-09
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
•
Civilian “Mass Killings” By Month Iraq Only 2006 … Slides 52 – 56
•
Terrorism and Emergency Preparedness Fact … Slide 57
•
Categories Of WMD … Slide 58
•
Recognizing A WMD Release / Emergency Self DECON / PPE Levels … Slides 59 – 61
•
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) / Categories of WMD / HAZMAT Incident (HMI) V NBC
Incident (Differences) … Slides 62 – 66
•
Incident Awareness / Terrorist Incident Awareness … Slides 67 – 79
•
Hospital Specific Threats … Slides 80 – 81
•
Do You Have a Plan / Preparing for Terrorism … Slides 82 – 91
•
Response … Slides 92 – 106
19-May-09
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
•
Dissemination Devices … Slides 107 – 111
•
Summary of Responder Actions … Slide 112
•
The National Incident Management System (NIMS) … Slides 113– 129
•
NIMS Incident Command - General and Detailed Overview … Slides 130– 148
•
Incident Command System Diagram / Important ICS Concepts … Slides 149 – 164
•
Command and Management Under NIMS In Depth Overview / NIMS Unified Command /
NIMS Area Command / Multi-agency Coordination Systems … Slides 165 – 179
•
NIMS Emergency Operations Centers (EOC’s) … Slides 180 – 181
•
NIMS Multi-agency Coordination System Responsibilities … Slides 182 – 185
19-May-09
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
•
Important NIMS Concepts … Slides 186 – 191
•
Terrorist Groups and Recent Successful Incidents and their Potential Targets …
Slides 192 – 227
•
Student Performance Objectives … Slide 228
•
Instructor VITA … Slide 229
•
Course Discussion End Slide … Slide 230
•
End Course Title Slide … Slide 231
19-May-09
5
COPYRIGHT
This CHS-IV Presentation is “COPYRIGHTED” material, and as such, any
reproduction, distribution, and/or further use of this material is strictly
prohibited, without the express written approval and consent of:
“The American Board For Certification In Homeland Security.”
19-May-09
6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AND CREDIT OF SOURCES
Material and information used as background, in the preparation and presentation of this course was taken directly, or in part, from the
following associations, groups, organizations, public/private/commercial/government publications, entities, and/or individuals:
The American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
United States Department of Defense (DOD)
U.S Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS) “Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160
United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute (EMI)
Various United States of America Government Publications, and Public Domain Documents and Publications
The Board For Certification In Homeland Security Previously Published CHS-IV Study Material
The International Association for Counterterrorism And Security Professionals (IACSP)
“Newsweek” Magazine
The Associated Press (AP)
“A Law Enforcement Guide To Understanding Islamic Terrorism” Published by First Capital Technologies, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Doctor James Blair, MD., Colonel, United States Army (Retired), CHS-V
“Homeland Security A Documentary History” by Bruce Maxwell, CQ Press, Washington, D.C.
“Terrorism Prevention and Response” by Cliff Marinani, Looseleaf Law Publications, Inc., Flushing, New York
“The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York
“Terrorism A Documentary History” by Bruce Maxwell, CQ Press, Washington, D.C.
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7
VITA
COLONEL ANDREW J. JURCHENKO, SR. CHS-V
United States Army (Retired)
ABIT, BLSI, CFI, DTI,IT, MMA-HRD, OCI/LLFIT, RCI
The American Board for Certification In Homeland Security
2750 East Sunshine Springfield, Missouri 65804
Toll Free: (800) 423-9737
Office FAX: (417) 881-4702
Direct Line: (678) 873-5964 (Cell)
E-mail: [email protected]
19-May-09
8
STUDENT PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
As a result of this instruction the student will be able to, via a written
examination of 100 questions:
1. Demonstrate knowledge of Terrorism, Incident Awareness, and Response,
2. distinguish between a HAZMAT Incident, and a Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical (NBC) Incident,
3. show an understanding of the importance of Incident Response and its
challenges,
4. demonstrate knowledge of “Terrorist Incidents” through the year 2006,
5. display a knowledge and understanding of both the “National Incident
Management System” (NIMS), and the “Incident Command System” (ICS),
6. and distinguish between both Domestic and International Terrorists Groups;
to include “Lone Wolf” and “Organized State Sponsored Terrorist Groups”
involved in WMD Incidents to date (i.e. Chemical, Biological, Radiological,
Nuclear, and High-yield Explosives – CBRNE Incidents).
19-May-09
9
20 September 2001
(Source: “Terrorism Prevention and Response” by Cliff Mariani, Looseleaf Law Publications, Inc., Flushing, New York)
“ The advance of human freedom-the great achievement of our time,
and the great hope of every time-now depends on us.
Our Nation-this generation- will lift a dark threat of violence from our
people and our future. We will rally the world to this cause by our
efforts, by our courage.
We will not tire, we will not falter,
and we will not fail.”
PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH
to the American People
September 20, 2001
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10
TERRORISM
19-May-09
11
TERRORISM - A DEFINITION
(Source: “A Law Enforcement Guide to Understanding Islamist Terrorism” Published by First Capital Technologies, Baton Rouge, Louisiana)
•
The word Terrorism comes from The Latin meaning “FEAR.”
•
There are several definitions and terms that relate to the term Terrorism:
-- “Terrorism” as defined by the U.S. State Department: “…the premeditated,
politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by
sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence
an audience…”
-- “International Terrorism” as defined by The U.S. State Department is:
“…terrorism involving citizens of, or the territory of, more than one
country…”
-- “Terrorist Groups” as defined by The U.S. State Department is: “…any
group practicing, or that has significant subgroups that practice,
International Terrorism…”
19-May-09
12
TERRORISM DEFINITION
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
•
Terrorism is defined by The Homeland Security Act of 2002,
Public Law 107-295, 116 Statute 2135 (2002) as:
-- Activities that involve an act dangerous to human life,
-- or potential destruction of critical infrastructure of any key resource,
-- and that is a violation of the Criminal Laws of The United States, or any
State or subdivision of The United States in which it occurs,
-- and is intended to intimidate or coerce the civilian population,
-- or influence a government,
-- or affect a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping.
19-May-09
13
TERRORISM DEFINITION
(Continued)
(Source: “Terrorism A Documentary History” by Bruce Maxwell, CQ Press, Washington, D.C.)
•
Terrorism as defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is:
“The unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to
intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment
thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.”
BOTTOM LINE
THERE IS NO UNIVERSAL UNDERSTANDING OR AGREEMENT REGARDING
WHAT CONSTITUTES “TERRORISM” OR AN “ACT OF TERRORISM.”
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14
A “VERY” BRIEF AND NOT ALL
ENCOMPASSING HISTORY OF TERRORISM
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
•
Terrorism is not a new phenomenon.
•
The word “Terrorism” dates to the French revolution in the 1790’s.
•
However, historians trace the first acts of Terrorism to Biblical Times:
–
–
50BC … Romans use “Diseased Corpses” against the Israelites.
1346 … The Tartar Army catapults corpses of “Plague” victims over the walls of Kaffa.
•
1754 … French & Indian War. English give “Smallpox” infected blankets to
American Indians with purpose to infect the enemy and win the battle.
•
1775 … ?
•
1993 … ?
•
1995 X 2 … ??
•
2000 and 2001 … ??
19-May-09
15
THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR HOMELAND
SECURITY
(Source: “Homeland Security a Documentary History” by Bruce Maxwell, CQ Press, Washington, D.C.)
•
On July 16, 2002, the White House released the “National Strategy of Homeland
Security.”
•
It was the first such document in the Nation’s history.
•
The ninety-page report officially defined Homeland Security as “a concerted
National effort to prevent Terrorist Attacks within the United States, reduce
America’s vulnerability to Terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover
from attacks that do occur.”
•
The report divided Homeland Security Functions into six (6) areas:
1. Intelligence and Warning;
2. Border and Transportation Security;
3. Domestic Counterterrorism;
4. Protecting Critical Infrastructure;
5. Defending Against Catastrophic Terrorism, and
6. Emergency Preparedness and Response.
19-May-09
16
WORDS TO REMEMBER
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
“Those who cannot remember the past … are condemned to repeat it.”
“The Life of Reason,”
by George Santayana, 1905
“At any given time two-thirds of the world’s population is awake, and some of
them are up to no good.”
John F. Sattler
Brigadier General, USMC
“Killing Americans and their Allies, Civilian and Military, is an individual Duty of
every Muslim … we do not differentiate between those dressed in Military
Uniforms and Civilians.”
Osama bin Laden
May 1998
19-May-09
17
THE TERRORIST
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
“He who does not prize his own life threatens that of others.”
Seneca
Roman Philosopher
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18
SOME SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTICS OF
TERRORISM
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
•
An act of Terrorism at first appears to be “Random” in nature.
•
Terrorism is destructive in nature.
•
Terrorism involves much violence in a short period of time.
•
Terrorism is meant to intimidate and “Terrorize.”
•
One man’s “Terrorist” is another man’s “Freedom Fighter.”
19-May-09
19
THEREFORE - NOW A “CHS” WORKING
DEFINITION OF “TERRORISM”
(Source: “Terrorism A Documentary History” by Bruce Maxwell, CQ Press, Washington, D.C.)
•
Involves violence or the threat of violence, with the intent to destroy
infrastructure or kill …
•
Has either “Political” or “Social” (broadly defined here to include “Radical
Religious Groups) motivation …
•
Can target “anyone” … Civilians, Government Officials, or Military Personnel …
•
Is perpetrated by “Individuals” (“Lone Wolfs”) or “Organized Groups” that may
or may not be part of a “National Government (“State Sponsored Terrorism”) …
•
Is designed to “Attract Attention” (“Publicity for a Cause”), “Terrorize” (make
individuals feel vulnerable), and “Intimidate” (convince them to act some way) …
•
Requires planning …
•
Can always be justified by the “Perpetrators” (i.e. “Terrorists”).
19-May-09
20
TRENDS IN TERRORISM TODAY
(Source: “Terrorism A Documentary History” by Bruce Maxwell, CQ Press, Washington, D.C.)
•
Individual Terrorists
•
Individual Terrorist Groups
•
State Sponsored Terrorist Groups
•
We have learned much about Terrorists and Terrorism since 9/11.
•
Much of the “Terrorist Network” that existed prior to 9/11 has been crippled.
•
NOTE: BOTH THE DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST FOCUS
IS SHIFTING AWAY FROM SMALL ATTACKS. RATHER THEY ARE
CONCENTRATING ON LARGER “INCIDENTS” THAT ARE MORE DEVASTATING
IN NATURE AND SCOPE AS WELL AS MORE DEADLY.
19-May-09
21
TERRORIST
GROUPS
(In No Particular Order of Importance or Precedence)
19-May-09
22
SOURCES OF TERRORISM
“THE THREAT”
(Source: The American board for Certification in Homeland Security)
TYPES OF TERRORISTS AND GROUPS BY PERSUASION AND FUNDING
•
LONE DISAFFECTED INDIVIDUALS … “LONE WOLFS”
•
LOCAL OR NON-ALIGNED TERRORIST GROUPS … “INDEPENDENTS”
•
INTERNATIONALLY SPONSORED … “STATE SPONSORED TERRORISTS”
•
DOOMSDAY GROUPS … “CULTS”
•
RELIGIOUS FANATICS … “ZEALOTS”
•
POLITICAL INSURGENTS … “REVOLUTIONARIES”
•
DOMESTIC TERRORISTS … “ANARCHISTS”
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23
TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
TERRORIST GROUPS – GENERAL INFORMATION:
•
Currently there are more than sixty-five (65) “Major” Active Terrorist
Organizations around the world according to the U.S. Department of State;
•
Half are considered “Extremely Dangerous” and “Serious Threats;”
•
Many of the groups are well known throughout the world;
•
Many more are far less well known, and are never heard of outside of their
individual countries in which they operate.
19-May-09
24
TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY (Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS:
•
The U.S. Government breaks “Foreign Terrorists” into two (2) groups:
1. Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations
2. Non-designated Yet Still Active Terrorist Groups (i.e. “minor” Terrorist
Groups with no close affiliation outside a specific region and not aligned to any
Nation State … “State Sponsored Terrorism”)
19-May-09
25
MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
•
The following is a small list which includes only some of the groups defined by
The U.S. Government as “Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations:”
ABU NIDAL … Also Known as (AKA) “The Fatah Revolutionary Council” …
“Arab Revolutionary Brigades” … “Black September” and “Revolutionary
Organization of Socialist Muslims”
Based in Iraq, but also operates out of Lebanon
Has carried out attacks in twenty (20) countries killing over 1,100 people
Targets include: The U.S., United Kingdom, France, Israel, and Moderate
Palestinians
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MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
ABU SAYYAF GROUP (ASG) … “Islamic Separatist Group” operates in the
Philippines … tactics include bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and
extortion
Promotes “Independent Islamic State” in The Philippines
Developed ties to the Mjuahidin while fighting and training in Afghanistan
Responsible for kidnapping 3 Americans and 17 Filipinos in May of 2001
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27
MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
AL-AQSA MARTYRS BRIGADE … outgrowth of the “Intifadah” (i.e. “shaking”)
Goal to drive Israel from “The West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Jerusalem,” and
establish a “Palestinian State”
Has carried out shootings and suicide operations against Israeli Military
Personnel and Civilian Personnel as well as killed Palestinians who
collaborated with Israel
In January 2002, responsible for first “Suicide Bombing” carried out by a
“Female”
19-May-09
28
MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
ASBAT AL-ANSAR … “Partisans’ League’’ … A “Sunni Group” … born in the
“Palestinian Refugee Camps” in Lebanon … associated with Al Qaeda and
follows “Extremist Interpretation” of Islam … justifies violence against Civilians
Has carried out “Several Terrorist Attacks” in Lebanon including “Bombings”
and “Assassinations”
Targets include attack on Russian Embassy in Beirut
19-May-09
29
MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
AUM SHINRIKYO … “Supreme Truth” … Also known as “Aleph” a cult
established in 1987 to take over Japan and the world
Believes the end of the world is imminent and that U.S. will start World War III
with attack on Japan
In March 1995 released “Chemical Nerve Agent Sarin” in Tokyo Subway
System, killed twelve (12), injured over 6,000
Followers arrested for attempting to blow-up “Imperial Palace in Tokyo” in July
2001
19-May-09
30
MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Flushing, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
HAMAS … “Islamic Resistance Movement” … Formed in 1987 … “Palestinian
Group” supports the use of “Terrorism” to establish an “Islamic State” in place
of “Israel” … dedicated to the elimination of “The State of Israel”
Group concentrated in “The Gaza Strip” and on “The West Bank”
Has conducted numerous “Large-scale Suicide (Homicide) Bombings”
against “Israeli Civilian” and “Military Targets”
Very “Political Group” currently the “Elected Government” of The Palestinians
19-May-09
31
MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
HEZBOLLAH … “Party Of God” … Originally started out of “The Bekaa Valley”
in “Lebanon” and the “Suburbs of Beirut” now all over Lebanon … a “Radical
Shiite Group formed in 1982 … rivals the “Democratically Elected Government
of Lebanon for control
Dedicated to the “Overthrow of Israel” and is considered among the most
dangerous Terrorist Groups. “Believed by many (including the U.S.
Government) to be THE Most Dangerous Terrorist Group” in the world today”
Has close ties with Iran and Syria … “Strongly Anti-Israeli and Anti-Western”
Involved in the “Suicide Truck Bombings” of the U.S. Embassy and the Marine
Corps Barracks in Beirut (October 1983)
Group responsible for kidnapping and detention and death of U.S. and
other Western Hostages (i.e. UK Terry Waite) in Lebanon during 1980’s
19-May-09
32
MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
HEZBOLLAH (Continued) …
Also known as “The Islamic Jihad” … “Revolutionary Justice Organization” …
“Organization Of The Oppressed On Earth” … and …”Islamic Jihad For The
Liberations of Palestine”
Maintains, controls and directs “Terrorist Cells” in North and South
America
19-May-09
33
MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
AL-JIHAD … Based and operates from Cairo Egypt … an “Egyptian Extremist
Group”
AKA … “Egyptian Islamic Jihad” … “Jihad Group” … “Islamic Jihad”
Constituted in 1970’s links to “Al Qaeda” and has ties to “Iran”
Goal, overthrow the Egyptian Government and replace it with an Islamic State
… responsible for 1981 “Assassination” of Egypt’s President Anwar Sadat
Area of Operation … Afghanistan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Sudan, The United
Kingdom and Yemen
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MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
MUJAHEDIN-E KHALQ ORGANIZATION … “MEK” or “MKO” … Established in
the 1960’s in Iran
Formed to counter the “Western Influence” during the Shah’s Reign
A combination of Marxism and Islam
Take-over of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, Iran in 1979 … supported Saddam
Hussein during Iraq’s war with Iran during the 1980’s
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MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
THE PALESTINE ISLAMIC JIHAD … “PIJ” … Founded by “Militant Palestinians”
in the Gaza Strip during the 1970’s … now headquartered in Syria
Committed to the “Creation of an “Islamic Palestinian State and The
Destruction of Israel” through “HOLY WAR”
Considers “Israel” and “United States” as “The Enemy”
Opposes “Pro-western Arab Governments
Conducts “Suicide” (Homicide) Bombings in West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Israel
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MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
PALESTINE LIBERATION FRONT … “PLF” … Has splintered into various
factions
Responsible for 1985 attack on “Cruise Ship Achille Lauro” and the murder of
Leon Klinghoffer, a Handicapped (wheelchair bound) Elderly American Citizen,
and only person to die as a result of the attack
Based in Iraq
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MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION … “PLO” … Originally called “The
Brotherhood” … started in Egypt in the 1950’s by Egyptian College Professor
Carried/Renamed in later years as the “PLO” under leadership of the Egyptian
Born Yasir Arafat who claimed during his lifetime to be a “Palestinian”
Responsible for hundreds of “Homicide Bombings” and the “Intifada” (War
with Israel)
Previously claimed to speak for all “Disaffected Palestinians” as their “True”
Government in Exile … but has lost stature and voice in the Arab and
Palestinian World since Arafat’s death
19-May-09
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MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE … “PFLP” …
“Marxist-Leninist Group” founded in 1967 by George Habash, a disaffected
member of the “Palestine Liberation Organization” (PLO)
Has committed numerous “Terrorist Attacks” … targets “Israelis and Moderate
Arabs”
Operates in Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and “The Occupied Territories”
Group opposes “Palestinian Peace Talks” and tries to derail them by
committing acts of violence (i.e. “Terrorism)
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MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS (Continued):
AL QAEDA … Established by Osama Bin Laden in late 1980’s in Afghanistan …
Group comprised largely of Arabs who fought in Afghanistan against “The
Soviet Union”
Current Goal … establish a Pan-Islamic “Caliphate” throughout the world
In 1998 Bombed the U.S. Embassies in Kenya, and Tanzania (301 KIA) …
responsible for the attack on the “USS Cole” in the Port of Aden, Yemen in
2000 (17 KIA)
Responsible for both the attacks on “The World Trade Center” in 1993
(unsuccessful) and 2001 (successful) … and the attack on “The Pentagon”
(successful) in 2001. (2001 WTC and Pentagon Attacks = 3,000 KIA)
19-May-09
40
MAJOR TERRORIST GROUPS TODAY
(Continued)
(Source: “The Complete Terrorism Survival Guide” by Juval Aviv, Juris Publishing, Inc., Huntington, New York)
INTERNATIONAL TERRORISTS GROUPS (Continued):
AL QAEDA (Continued) … LINKED TO SEVERAL FAILED TERRORIST
ATTACKS OVER THE YEARS:
Attempt to Assassinate Pope John Paul II
Attempt to Assassinate President Clinton
Bombing Flights from UK to US while in flight
Exploding a Bomb at the Los Angeles International Airport on New Years
Eve 2000
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41
MAJOR
“I N T E R N A T I O N A L”
TERRORIST
EVENTS - 2006 *
(* 2006 – the year with the largest amount of Individual Attacks and Terrorist Events Since 9/11
“Excluding Iraq” … less “Note” for 22 Feb 06)
19-May-09
42
MAJOR “INTERNATIONAL” TERRORIST
EVENTS BY MONTH - 2006
(Source: United States Department of Defense)
JANUARY:
• Quassam “Rockets” fired by Hamas into Israel, cities of Ashkelon and Sderot,
injures 8 civilians.
FEBRUARY:
22nd … NOTE: Al Askari Mosque “Bombing” in Iraq ignites sectarian strife in Iraq –
15 killed.
MARCH:
2nd … “Bombing” in Karachi, Pakistan – kills 4, including a U.S. Diplomat.
3rd … Mohammed Reza Taheri-azar, an Iranian-born graduate of The University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, drives SUV into crowd on campus – injures 9.
7th … “Bombing” in the Hindu Holy city of Varanasi, India – kills 28 injures 120.
30th.. Palestinian “Homicide Bomber” kills himself and four others at Kedumim
Junction in the West Bank.
19-May-09
43
MAJOR “INTERNATIONAL” TERRORIST
EVENTS BY MONTH - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: United States Department of Defense)
APRIL:
11th … A “Homicide Bomber” explodes himself in Karachi, Pakistan, and kills 57
Sunni Worshipers.
17th … Sami Hammad, a Palestinian “Homicide Bomber,” detonates an “Explosive
Device” in Tel Aviv, Israel, killing 11 people and injuring 70.
24th … “Bombings” at 3 locations in Dahab, Egypt kill 20 Egyptians and 3
foreigners, and injure 62 others.
MAY:
11th … Quetta, Pakistan, 6 Policeman die and 12 are injured when five “Bombs” go
off in a Police academy.
19-May-09
44
MAJOR “INTERNATIONAL” TERRORIST
EVENTS BY MONTH - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: United States Department of Defense)
JUNE:
15th … The LTTE detonate two “Claymore Mines” targeting a bus carrying 140
Civilians in Sri Lanka. A total of 86 Civilians, including 10 Children, 3
Pregnant Women and their unborns are killed, an additional 60 Civilians are
injured.
25th … Eliyahu Asheri, an Israeli Citizen was kidnapped and murdered by the
Palestinian Terrorist Group, “The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC).
19-May-09
45
MAJOR “INTERNATIONAL” TERRORIST
EVENTS BY MONTH - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: United States Department of Defense)
JULY:
9th … Baghdad, Iraq, 40 Sunni Civilians are massacred by Shia Militants.
11th.. A series of “Explosions” rock commuter trains in Mumbai, India, killing 209, and
wounding another 714 Civilians.
th
14 .. “Homicide Bomber” in Karachi, Pakistan, kills a Shiite Islamic Cleric Allama
Hasan Turabi and his nephew.
17th… “Explosions” and “Gunmen” kill 48 people in a market in Mahmoudiya, Iraq.
18th… “Car Bombing” near a Shiite Shrine in Kufa, Iraq, kills 53 and injures 103.
31st ... Two “Suitcase Bombs” are discovered in trains near the German towns of
Dortmund and Koblenz, un-detonated due to an assembly error. Video
footage from Cologne Train Station, where the “Bombs” were put on the trains, led to the
arrest of two Lebanese Students in Germany, Youssef al Hajdib and Jihad Hamad, and
subsequently three other suspected co-conspirators in Lebanon. On 1 September 2006,
Jorg Ziercke, head of the “Bundeskriminalamt (German Federal Police), reports that the
suspects saw the Muhammad cartoons as an “assault by the West on Islam” and the
“initial spark” for the attack, originally planned to coincide with the 2006 Football World
Cup in Germany.
19-May-09
46
MAJOR “INTERNATIONAL” TERRORIST
EVENTS BY MONTH - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: United States Department of Defense)
AUGUST:
4th … A “Homicide Car Bomber” struck a market in Kandahar, Afghanistan killing
21 people.
10th.. A major “Anti-terrorist Operation” disrupts an alleged “Bomb Plot” targeting
multiple airplanes bound for the United States flying through Heathrow
Airport, near London, UK.
13th.. Two “Grenades Explode” on a trolleybus in Tiraspol, Moldova, killing 2
people and injuring 10.
16th.. A “Bomb Exploded” in Hindu Temple near Imphal, India, killing 5 injuring 55.
20th.. Gunmen spray “Bullets” on Shiites in Baghdad, killing 20 and wounding 325.
19-May-09
47
MAJOR “INTERNATIONAL” TERRORIST
EVENTS BY MONTH - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: United States Department of Defense)
SEPTEMBER:
8th … At least two “Bomb Blasts” target a Muslim Cemetery in the western town of
Malegaon. The blasts kill 37 people and leave 125 others wounded.
12th… Four attackers armed with “Grenades” and “Machine Guns” attempt to
storm the U.S. embassy in Damascus, Syria. Three of the gunmen and one
Syrian Guard are killed during the battle between the attackers and Syrian
Security Forces. One Syrian Employee of the Embassy and at least ten
bystanders are wounded, among them, seven Syrian Telephone Company
Workers and a Senior Chinese Diplomat. Police recover a car laden with
“Explosives” and other IED’s. Syrian Ambassador to the United States,
Imad Moustapha, announces that his government suspects a group called
“Jund al-Sham” is responsible.
15th… Four “Homicide Bombers” and a Security Guard are killed in early-morning
attacks on the Safer refinery in Marib and the al-Dhabba Terminal in
Hadramout, Yemen, by Islamic Extremists.
19-May-09
48
MAJOR “INTERNATIONAL” TERRORIST
EVENTS BY MONTH - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: United States Department of Defense)
SEPTEMBER (Continued):
16th … The 2006 Hat Yai Bombings: 4 people are killed, 82 injured, by six “Bombs”
along the main commercial street of Hat Yai. The devices were placed
approximately 500 meters apart, and were remotely set off every five
minutes.
18th… Eleven people, including the Presidents Brother and six attackers, are killed
in an assassination attempt on Somalian President, Abdullah Yusuf Ahmed.
18th… An LTTE “Homicide Bomber” rams a truck packed with “Explosives” into
convoy carrying unarmed Sri Lankan Navy Personnel – 92 killed.
30th… A “Homicide Bomber” detonates his “Explosives” outside the Interior
Ministry in Kabul. The attack kills 12 and wounds 50.
19-May-09
49
MAJOR “INTERNATIONAL” TERRORIST
EVENTS BY MONTH - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: United States Department of Defense)
NOVEMBER:
1ST … “The Real IRA” (splinter group of “The IRA”) detonates series of
“Firebombs” in a large hardware retailers sports store and toy shop, all in
Belfast. The hardware retailers and sports store were completely destroyed.
No fatalities.
20th… “Terrorist Bomb” explodes on a train in India, in West Bengal – 52 killed.
21st… Assassination of Pierre Amine Gemayel, an Anti-Syrian Politician and Icon
of Lebanon’s most prominent Christian family, and past Lebanon Prime
Minister. Blamed on Syria, Iran and Hezbollah.
23rd… A series of “Car Bombs” and “Motor Attacks in Sadr City, Iraq kills a least
215 people and wounds a further 257.
24th… Michael Stone, prevented from murdering members of the Sinn Fein Political
Party.
19-May-09
50
MAJOR “INTERNATIONAL” TERRORIST
EVENTS BY MONTH - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: United States Department of Defense)
DECEMBER:
30th… A “Bomb” explodes at the Madrid airport, killing 2. The ETA a Basque
Nationalist Group has claimed responsibility.
31st… Six “Bomb Explosions” in the Thai Capital, Bangkok, 2 people died, 36
injured.
19-May-09
51
CIVILIAN “MASS KILLINGS” BY MONTH
IRAQ ONLY - 2006 *
(* 2006 – the year with the largest amount of Individual Attacks and Terrorist Events since 9/11)
19-May-09
52
CIVILIAN “MASS KILLINGS” BY MONTH
IRAQ ONLY - 2006
(Source: “Newsweek” Magazine)
JANURARY:
The year starts out with ten (10) individual “Homicide Attacks” throughout the
country, 20 killed.
FEBRUARY:
22nd … Sunnis Killed in retaliation for Al Askari Mosque Attack and “Bombing,”
50 killed.
23rd … Factory Workers “Shot” dead in “Roadblock Ambush,” 47 killed.
MARCH:
12th … Victims of six (6) “Car-bomb” Attacks in Sadr City, 46 killed.
14th … “Gunshot” Victims found in Southeast Baghdad, 31 killed.
17th … Corpses found “Shot” and “Tortured” in Baghdad, 70 killed.
27th … Iraqi Army Recruitment-center “Attacked” in Mosul, 40 killed.
19-May-09
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CIVILIAN “MASS KILLINGS” BY MONTH
IRAQ ONLY - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: “Newsweek” Magazine)
APRIL:
7TH … “Homicide Bombing” of Shiite Mosque in Baghdad, 50 killed.
MAY:
NOTE: No recorded “Civilian Mass killings” reported this period.
JUNE:
17TH … Deaths in “Bomb Attacks” in and around Baghdad, 41 killed.
JULY:
1ST … “Car Bomb” Explodes in Eastern Baghdad Market, 59 killed.
9th … “Gunmen” Kill Sunnis at “Fake Roadblock” in Baghdad, 40 killed.
17th .. “Gunmen” Storm a Market in Mahmudiyah, 56 killed.
18th .. “Car-bomb Attack” in Kufah kills laborers, 45 killed.
23rd .. “Homicide Bomber” drives a minibus into a Baghdad Market, 34 killed.
19-May-09
54
CIVILIAN “MASS KILLINGS” BY MONTH
IRAQ ONLY - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: “Newsweek” Magazine)
AUGUST:
10th … “Homicide Bomber” Attacks Market in Najaf, 35 killed.
13th … Multiple “Bomb” and “Rocket Attacks” in Baghdad, 47 killed.
31st … Coordinated “Bomb Attacks” in Baghdad, 47 killed.
SEPTEMBER:
13th … Police recover “Bound and Tortured” Bodies, 60 killed.
18th … Bodies dumped in Baghdad, “Shot and Tortured,” 47 killed.
23rd … “Bomb Attack” on a Kerosene Tanker in Baghdad, 35 killed.
OCTOBER:
10th … “Bodies Discovered” found in and around Baghdad, 60 killed.
14th … Sunnis “Killed” by Militiamen at Fake Checkpoint, 40 killed.
26th … Iraqi Police Officers “Ambushed” in Baqubah, 34 killed.
30th … “Explosion” Kills laborers waiting for job offers, 31 killed.
19-May-09
55
CIVILIAN “MASS KILLINGS” BY MONTH
IRAQ ONLY - 2006 (Continued)
(Source: “Newsweek” Magazine)
NOVEMBER:
12th … “Tortured Bodies” found in and around Baghdad, 30 killed.
13th … “Homicide Bombing” of Police Recruiting Center, 35 killed.
27th … Victims of “Death Squads” and “Kidnap Gangs,” 39 killed.
29th … “Bodies” found in Baghdad with signs of “Torture,” 52 killed.
DECEMBER:
2nd … Triple “Car Bombing” in a Shiite part of Baghdad, 80 killed.
19-May-09
56
TERRORISM AND EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS FACT
(Source: The Associated Press)
In a recent Government Report, only six (6) U.S. Cities received acceptable or
Satisfactory ratings for their Emergency Agencies’ (i.e. Fire, Law Enforcement,
Emergency Management, Emergency Medical Services, etc, etc) ability to
communicate (i.e. “Interoperable Communications”) effectively during a disaster.
HIGHEST RATINGS WENT TO:
San Diego, CA.
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN.
Washington, DC.
Columbus, OH.
Sioux Falls, SD.
Laramie County, WY.
The lowest ratings went to Chicago, IL., Baton Rouge, LA., Cleveland, OH.,
Mandan, ND., and American Samoa.
19-May-09
57
CATEGORIES OF WMD
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
•
A commonly accepted method for categorizing WMD is “ CBRNE “ :
C …
(Chemical Agents, including Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TIC) that may
be used as WMD – “HAZMAT”)
B … (Biological Hazards)
R … (Radiological Hazards)
N … (Nuclear Hazards)
E … (Explosives)
19-May-09
58
RECOGNIZING A WMD RELEASE
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Symptoms of victims
Mass casualties
Casualty pattern
Dissemination device
Warning given or credit taken
Other indicators
– Dead mammals or birds
– Victims statements
– Unexplained liquids/aerosols/particulates
(powders)/strange odors
19-May-09
59
EMERGENCY SELF-DECONTAMINATION
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
Chemical
Biological,
Radiological
Blot
Wet
Strip
Flush
Cover
19-May-09
60
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
Greater Hazard
Level
A
Level
B
Level
C
Level
D
Bunker
Gear ?
Higher Burden
19-May-09
61
WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
(WMD)
19-May-09
62
CATEGORIES OF WMD
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
•
Another acronym used to Categorize WMD is known as “ BNICE ” (Also
commonly known as “CBRNE” Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosive … “High Yield Explosive”):
B … (Biological Hazards)
N … (Nuclear Hazards)
I
… (Incendiary Hazards)
C … (Chemical Agents, including Toxic Industrial Chemicals - HAZMAT)
E … (Explosives)
(NOTE: “CBR” as a term refers to … Chemical, Biological, and Radiological)
(NOTE: “NBC” as a term refers to … Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical)
19-May-09
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HAZMAT INCIDENT (HMI) V NBC INCIDENT
(Differences)
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
CHARACTERISTICS
HMI
Deliberate Attack
X
Super Toxic Material
X
Early Hazard Identification
X
Mass Casualties
X
Many fatalities
Mass Decontamination
19-May-09
NBC
X
X
X
X
X
64
HAZMAT INCIDENT (HMI) V NBC INCIDENT
(Differences Continued)
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
CHARACTERISTICS
HMI
Pre-incident Indicators
Crime Scene
NBC
X
X
X
Major interaction with Federal,
State and Local Agencies
X
Scene Communication Overload
X
Chaos
X
19-May-09
65
HAZMAT INCIDENT (HMI) V NBC INCIDENT
(Differences Continued)
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
CHARACTERISTICS
HMI
NBC
Resources Overwhelmed
X
Secondary Devices
X
Accountability
(Who does what/Who is in Charge?)
X
Public Assembly Sites
X
X
After Care
X
X
19-May-09
66
INCIDENT
AWARENESS
(Source: Unless specifically credited otherwise, the source of the material presented in this section is The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
19-May-09
67
TERRORIST INCIDENT AWARENESS
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
TERRORISM …
•
Terrorism directly threatens the foundations of America: her people, her
democratic way of life, and her economic prosperity.
•
Much of America’s population live in densely populated urban areas making
cities conspicuous targets for Terrorists, and especially attacks from Weapons
of Mass Destruction (WMD).
19-May-09
68
TERRORIST INCIDENT AWARENESS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
WMD AS DEFINED IN TITLE 18, U.S.C. 2332A:
“Any explosive, incendiary, or poison gas, bomb grenade, rocket having a
propellant charge of more than four (4) ounces, or a missile having an
explosive or incendiary charge of more than one quarter (1/4) ounce, or
mine or similar device.”
“Any weapon that is designed or intended to cause death or serious bodily
injury through the release, dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous
chemicals or their precursors.”
“Any weapon involving a disease organism.”
Any weapon that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a level
dangerous to human life.”
19-May-09
69
INCIDENT AWARENESS – A CLOSER LOOK
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
FACTORS OF AN INCIDENT … “ INCIDENT AWARNESS ”
1.
The threat of a Terrorist WMD attack has increased due to an evolution of
Terrorist Groups to decentralized, ad hoc organizations – making them
harder to target and eliminate.
2.
Additionally, the new Terrorist Organizations have greater access to WMD
materials and the technical expertise to “weaponize” them.
19-May-09
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INCIDENT AWARENESS – A CLOSER LOOK
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
3.
Modern Terrorists have Military-style training and goals of creating mass
casualties, not only by using a WMD, but also by manipulating other factors
to make an attack more lethal. These other factors include:
A. SURPRISE – Relative to time of attack. The shock value gained by the
swiftness and suddenness of the attack bolsters the Terrorist’s Image.
B. MEANS OF ATTACK – Limited only by the Terrorist’s imagination …
WMD, CBRNE, BNICE, etc, etc.
C. TARGET OF THE ATTACK – Targets can be individuals targeted for
assassination, critical infrastructures, and targets of symbolic value … the
goal is mass casualties.
D. FOREKNOWLEDGE OF THE COMMUNITY RESPONSE – Terrorists plan
accordingly.
E. SIGNIFICANT DATES – Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building/Waco, Texas
Fire April 19th. September 11th/the train attack in Madrid, Spain, March 11th.
19-May-09
71
INCIDENT AWARENESS – A CLOSER LOOK
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
•
Our ability to analyze and assess the Terrorist Weapons of Mass Destruction
Threat, and its vulnerability to that threat, is the first step in understanding and
developing “INCIDENT AWARENESS” and developing a “CONTINGENCY
PLAN.”
•
Every community and organization should have an emergency response plan
to minimize the catastrophic impact of a Terrorist WMD Attack by addressing
the complexities of such an attack.
•
“INCIDENT AWARENESS” is a constant state of “Perpetual Awareness” …
before, during, and after an actual Terrorist Incident.
•
“INCIDENT AWARENESS” should be part of everyone's everyday life, just as
much as our personal safety is part of our daily existence, as we go about our
normal business and live our individual lives.
19-May-09
72
INCIDENT AWARENESS – A CLOSER LOOK
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
•
THREAT LEVELS:
“The Department of Homeland Security Advisory System” (DHSAS) was
created by Presidential Directive in order to provide a “… comprehensive and
effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of Terrorist Acts
to Federal, State, and Local authorities and to the American people …”
•
It consists of five (5) color coded Threat Levels. Risk includes both the
probability of an attack occurring and its potential gravity:
LOW (green) … is declared when there is a low risk of Terrorist Attacks
GUARDED (blue) … is declared when there is a general risk of Terrorist Attacks
ELEVATED (yellow) … is declared when there is a significant risk of Terrorist Attacks
HIGH (orange) … is declared when there is a high risk of Terrorist Attacks
SEVERE (red) … is declared when there is a severe risk of Terrorist Attacks
NOTE: The DHSAS directs/designates Specific Security Measures and Actions to be
Taken, at both the Federal and Local levels, in relation to the various designated Color
Coded Threat as they are declared.
19-May-09
73
INCIDENT AWARENESS – A CLOSER LOOK
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
THREAT INDICATORS:
•
Gathering of target Intelligence … the process of gathering intelligence by
Terrorists precedes all Terrorist Operations.
– Often involves conducting reconnaissance visits or stationary surveillance
of a target for weeks or even months.
•
Acquisition of materials necessary for an attack.
– Responders should be aware of materials, supplies, and assets in their
community that may have value to Terrorist’s applications.
19-May-09
74
INCIDENT AWARENESS – A CLOSER LOOK
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
THREAT INDICATORS (Continued):
•
Preparation of Weapons.
– Be aware of the Threat Indicators related to the preparation and delivery
of Terrorist weapons.
•
First steps of execution of an attack (bomb delivery, gaining access to a plane,
etc, etc.).
– Be a aware of unusual activities around potential targets (suspicious
individuals, vehicles, actions / objects, etc, etc.).
19-May-09
75
INCIDENT AWARENESS – A CLOSER LOOK
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
POTENTIAL TERRORIST TARGETS … SPECIFICALLY:
•
Telecommunications Networks and Systems
•
Electrical Power Generation Stations, Transmission, and Distribution Networks
•
Gas and Oil Production, Storage, and Delivery, Holding Facilities for Natural
Gas; Crude; Refined Petroleum; Petroleum-derived Fuels; the Refining and
Processing Facilities for these Fuels
•
Banking and Finance, Retail and Commercial Organizations Investment
Institutions; Exchange board; Trading Houses; Reserve Systems
•
Transportation Systems, Aviation, Rail, Highway, and Aquatic Vehicles,
Conduits, and Support Systems by which People and Goods Move
19-May-09
76
INCIDENT AWARENESS – A CLOSER LOOK
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
POTENTIAL TERRORIST TARGETS … SPECIFICALLY (Continued):
•
Water Supply Systems, Sources of Water, Reservoirs and Holding Facilities,
Aqueducts and other Transport Systems, Filtration and Cleaning Systems,
Pipelines, Cooling Systems, and other Delivery Mechanisms
•
Emergency Services, Medical, Police, Fire and Rescue Systems and Services
•
Government Operations, Federal, State and Local, Public Health, Safety and
Welfare Organizations
19-May-09
77
INCIDENT AWARENESS – A CLOSER LOOK
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
OTHER POTENTIAL TARGETS:
•
Schools
•
Sports Arenas
•
Malls
•
Concert Halls
•
High Rise Residences
•
Office Buildings
•
Places of Worship
19-May-09
78
INCIDENT AWARENESS – A CLOSER LOOK
(Continued)
(Source: Doctor James Blair, MD., Colonel, U.S. Army (Retired), CHS-V)
“NEW” TERRORIST STRATEGIES:
New Terrorist Strategies include attacks timed to coincide with …
* Natural Events
* Peak of Floods
* Land Fall of Storms
* Earthquake Aftershocks
* Forest Fires
* Etc, etc.
19-May-09
79
HOSPITAL SPECIFIC THREATS
(Source: Doctor James Blair, MD., Colonel, U.S. Army (Retired), CHS-V)
•
Over the last three (3) years Hospitals have been subject to visits by
individuals with fake credentials from JCAHO (Joint Commission on
Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations), the FBI, and other Agencies.
•
These Hospitals appear to be randomly selected without consideration of
Ownership, Size, Specialty, or Geography.
•
Security Experts find that the pattern of approach, questions asked, and degree
of sophistication used by these individuals, rules out the likelihood that the
perpetrators are the “run-of-the mill Criminals.”
•
The theft and sale of “used” Ambulances is seen as a threat to healthcare
facilities.
•
Many Counterterrorism Experts fear that these vehicles, as well as Mortuary
Transport Vehicles (Hearses) and VIP Limos, will be used as Future IED
Delivery Systems.
19-May-09
80
HOSPITAL SPECIFIC THREATS (Continued)
(Source: Doctor James Blair, MD., Colonel, U.S. Army (Retired), CHS-V)
•
There is a long history of Terrorists targeting Hospitals through Individual and
Group Bombers.
•
Captured Al Qaeda Documents extol the value of Hospitals as “Direct Targets”
or in tandem with High Profile Targets.
•
Hospitals are seen as “Soft Targets” which yield a “Terror Multiplier Effect”
(TME)
•
TME’s created by death and injury of large numbers of caregivers
simultaneously with destruction of facilities to treat other victims of tandem
attacks
•
If these attacks are effected on Clustered Medical Centers, treatment of victims
is forced out of Urban Centers and the Healthcare System will be forced to look
to Suburban and Rural Hospital Systems for “First Treatment”
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RESPONSE
(Source: Unless specifically credited otherwise, the source of the material presented in this section is The American board for Certification in Homeland Security)
19-May-09
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19-May-09
93
RESPONDER
ACTIONS
(Source: The American Board for Certification In Homeland Security)
19-May-09
94
19-May-09
95
RESPONSE
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
TERRORIST TACTICS:
Terrorists possess a wide range of “TACTICS” and an even greater “RANGE OF
TARGETS” …
The goal is to inflict mass casualties or disrupt critical infrastructure.
Secondary devices may be used, which are generally intended to injure or kill
Responders.
There may be multiple incidents.
There may be rapid escalation of the hazards.
“ We have to be right 100% of the time … a Terrorist only has to be right once. ”
PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH
19-May-09
96
DECISIONS … DECISIONS …
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
19-May-09
97
RESPONSE (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS … RAIN (Recognition, Avoidance, Isolation and Notification):
1. Recognize the Hazard/Threat (What do I see, hear, feel, taste, or smell?).
2. Avoid the Hazard/Contamination/Injury (What do I stay away from?).
“If you can see the bomb … the bomb can kill you.
Concept = Time + Distance + Shielding
A. Avoid Exposure time to Threat
B. Put distance between you and the Threat
C. Use Protective Equipment or Barriers between you and the Threat
19-May-09
98
RESPONSE (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS … RAIN (Continued)
3.
Isolate the Hazard Area (Whom do I protect?)
Remove yourself from the Contaminated Zone to reduce exposure.
Remove others from the Contaminated Zone to reduce exposure.
Stop others from entering the Contaminated Zone.
4.
Notify the appropriate support (Whom do I call?)
Action to notify Authorities … give them as much information as
possible
19-May-09
99
RESPONSE (Continued)
- CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT (Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
• Notify FBI - federal crime
scene
• Preserve evidence
• Observe and record
• Be alert for secondary devices
19-May-09
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RESPONSE (Continued)
- CHEMICAL / BIOLOGICAL HOTLINE (Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
• Provides emergency chemical/biological
technical assistance 24 hours a day, 7
days a week
• Access through National Response Center
• Phone # (800) 424 - 8802
19-May-09
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RESPONSE (Continued)
- INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
• Communicate the hazards.
• Control access to scene(s).
• Consider media as an asset.
19-May-09
102
RESPONSE (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS INVOLVED IN AN WMD INCIDENT …
•
Protective Action – “First Responder” actions taken to preserve public health
and safety in Emergency Situations:
1. EVACUATION … Consistent with Individual Jurisdictional Procedures and
Protocols (REFER TO THE ERG – EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK).
2. ISOLATION … Preventing “everyone” who is not directly involved in the
Emergency Response Operation/s from entering the Affected Area.
3. SHELTER-IN-PLACE … If Evacuation is not possible, or is not the most
appropriate action to take.
NOTE: However, YOU as an individual really only have two (2) choices when faced
with a WMD Incident … EVACUATE or SHELTER-IN-PLACE.
19-May-09
103
RESPONSE (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS IN A WMD INCIDENT (Continued):
4. SIGHT … Use sense of sight to recognize indicators of Hazardous Materials Visible Corrosion
Chemical Reactions
Pooling Liquids
Condensation Lines on Pressure Tanks
Injured Victims or Casualties
Dead Animals or Plants
Fire
Vapor Clouds
Victims Signs and Symptoms (May indicate potential WMD Release)
19-May-09
104
RESPONSE (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS IN A WMD INCIDENT (Continued):
5. SOUND … Listen for clues
Hissing = Pressure Release
Ask Victims / others evacuating area, about what they saw, heard, or
smelled.
6. ODORS … Detect odors indicative of Hazardous Materials coming from –
Fire
Vapor Clouds
Gas Leaks
NOTE: BUT DON’T GET TOO CLOSE (“BLUE CANARIES”)
19-May-09
105
RESPONSE (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security “WMD Awareness Level Training” … Student Manual AWR-160)
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS IN A WMD INCIDENT (Continued):
7. TOUCHING … DO NOT TOUCH ANY SUBSTANCE THAT HAS NOT BEEN
IDENTIFIED AS “SAFE TO HANDLE.”
WHEN IN DOUBT – ASK --- OR DO NOT TOUCH !!
8. TASTING … DO NOT TASTE ANY SUBSTANCE THAT HAS NOT BEEN
IDENTIFIED !!!
19-May-09
106
DISSEMINATION DEVICES
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
Device
19-May-09
Most Likely Agent
Breaking
Chemical
Bursting
All
Explosive
Radiological (C/B Possible)
Spray
Biological or Chemical
Vectors
Biological, Chemical,
or Radiological
107
BREAKING DEVICES
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
Point Source
• Common Items
• Minimal/moderate
downwind hazard
Light Bulb
19-May-09
Vacuum
Bottle
108
BURSTING OR EXPLODING DEVICES
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
Point Source
Timer
• Moderate downwind
hazard
• May destroy agent
• Detectable
• Multiple hazard
potential
19-May-09
Agent
reservoir
Explosive
with
igniter
109
SPRAYING DEVICES
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
Line Source
• Moving vehicles
• Significant downwind hazard
Pressure
vessel
Pressure
release
valve
Agent
release
valve
Agent
reservoir
19-May-09
Point Source
• Aerosol can
• Garden sprayer
• Moderate/significant
downwind hazard
Dissemination
nozzle
Pressurized
agent
110
VECTORS
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
•
•
•
•
•
Letters/packages
Insects/animals
Clothing/fabric
Food/beverages
Water (liquid)
19-May-09
111
SUMMARY OF RESPONDER ACTIONS
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
Notification Phase
Incident recognized
Response Phase
Scene control
begins
Recovery Phase
Last ambulatory victim
removed
Restoration Phase
Awareness
Level Actions
19-May-09
Contamination
survey completed
112
THE NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (NIMS)
(Source: Unless specifically credited otherwise, the source of the material presented in this section is The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security)
“ THE ONLY THING NECESSARY FOR
THE TRIUMPH OF EVIL IS …
FOR GOOD MEN TO DO NOTHING. ”
Edmond Burke
19-May-09
113
19-May-09
114
19-May-09
115
ORDER OUT OF CHAOS
(NIMS)
19-May-09
116
NIMS
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
INCEPTION …
•
On February 28, 2003, President Bush issued “Homeland Security Presidential
Directive-5.
•
HSPD-5 directed the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop and administer
a “National Incident Management System” (NIMS).
•
NIMS provides a consistent nationwide template to enable all Government,
Private-sector, and Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO’s) to work together
during Domestic Incidents.
•
NIMS has systemic, key concepts and principles that benefit and facilitate
Incident Management during a Response to a Domestic Incident.
19-May-09
117
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
WHAT IS THE NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?
•
NIMS is a comprehensive, National approach to Incident Management that is
applicable at all jurisdictional levels and across functional disciplines.
•
The intent of NIMS is to:
–
Be applicable across a full spectrum of potential Incidents and Hazard scenarios,
regardless of size or complexity.
–
Improve coordination and cooperation between Public and Private entities in a variety
of Domestic Incident Management Activities.
19-May-09
118
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
NIMS COMPLIANCE …
•
HSPD-5 required Federal Departments and Agencies to make the adoption of
NIMS by State and Local Organizations a condition for Federal Preparedness
Assistance (i.e. Grants, Contracts, and other activities) by FY 2005.
•
Jurisdictions can comply in the short term by adopting the “Incident Command
System (ICS).”
•
Other aspects of NIMS require additional development and refinement to
enable compliance at a future date.
19-May-09
119
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
WHY DO WE NEED A NATIONAL INCIDENT SYSTEM?
•
Emergencies occur every day somewhere in The United States. These
“Emergencies” are large and small and range from Fires to Hazardous
Materials Incidents to Natural and Technological Disasters.
•
Each Incident requires a response. Whether from different departments within
the same Jurisdiction, from Mutual Aid Partners (MAP’s), or from State and
Federal Agencies, Responders need to be able to work together, communicate
with each other, and depend on each other.
•
Until now, there have been no standards for “Domestic Incident Response”
that reached across all levels of Government and all Emergency Response
Agencies (ERA’s).
19-May-09
120
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
WHY DO WE NEED A NATIONAL INCIDENT SYSTEM (Continued)?
•
The events of September 11 have underscored the need for and importance of
“National Standards” for Incident Operations, Incident Communications,
Personnel Qualifications, Resource Management, and Information Management
and Supporting Technology.
•
To provide standards for “Domestic Incident Response,” President Bush
signed Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5.
•
HSPD-5 authorized The Secretary of Homeland Security to develop “The
National Incident Management System,” or NIMS,
•
NIMS provides for “Interoperability” and “Compatibility” among all
Responders.
19-May-09
121
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
NIMS CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES …
NIMS provides a framework for Interoperability and Compatibility by balancing
flexibility and standardization.
•
NIMS provides a FLEXIBLE framework that facilitates Government and Private
entities at all levels working together to manage Domestic Incidents.
•
This “Flexibility” applies to all phases of Incident Management, regardless of
cause, size, location, or complexity.
•
NIMS provides a set of STANDARDIZED organizational structures, as well as
requirements for processes, procedures, and systems designed to improve
Interoperability.
19-May-09
122
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
NIMS COMPONENTS …
NIMS is comprised of several components that work together as a system to
provide a National Framework for preparing for, preventing, responding to, and
recovering from Domestic Incidents. These components include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Command and Management
Preparedness
Resource Management
Communications and Information Management
Supporting Technologies
Ongoing Management and Maintenance
19-May-09
123
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
1. COMMAND AND MANAGEMENT …
NIMS standard Incident Management structures are based on three (3) key
organizational systems:
* “THE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IMS),” which defines the operating
characteristics, management components, and structure of incident
management organizations throughout the life cycle of an Incident
* “MULTIAGENCY COORDINATION SYSTEMS,” which define the operating
characteristics, management components, and organizational structure of
supporting entities
* “PUBLIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS,” which include the processes, procedures,
and systems for communicating timely and accurately information to the public during
emergency situations
19-May-09
124
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
2. PREPAREDNESS …
Effective Incident Management begins with a host of preparedness activities.
These activities are conducted on a “steady-state” basis, well in advance of any
potential incident. Preparedness involves a combination of:
•
Planning, Training, and Exercises
•
Personnel Qualification and Certification Standards
•
Equipment Acquisition and Certification Standards
•
Publication Management Processes and Activities
•
Mutual Aid Agreements and Emergency Management Assistance Compacts
19-May-09
125
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
3. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT …
•
The Resource Management component of NIMS is not yet fully implemented.
•
When fully implemented, NIMS will define standardized mechanisms and
establish requirements for:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Describing,
Inventorying,
Mobilizing,
Dispatching,
Tracking, and
Recovering Resources over the “Life Cycle’ of an “Incident.”
19-May-09
126
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
4. COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT …
NIMS identifies the requirements for a standardized framework for
Communications, Information Management, and Information-sharing at all levels of
Incident Management.
•
Incident management organizations must ensue that effective, “Interoperable
Communications” processes, procedures, and systems exist across all
agencies and jurisdictions.
•
Information management systems help ensure the information flows efficiently
through a commonly accepted architecture. Effective information
management enhances “Incident Management” and “Response” by helping to
ensure that decision making is better informed.
19-May-09
127
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
5. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES …
Technology and technological systems provide supporting capabilities essential to
implementing and refining NIMS. Examples include:
•
Voice and Data Communication Systems.
•
Information Management Systems, such as recordkeeping and resource
tracking.
•
Data Display Systems
Supporting technologies also include specialized technologies that facilitate
ongoing operations and incident management activities in situations that call for
unique technology-based capabilities.
19-May-09
128
NIMS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
6. ONGOING MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE …
DHS established the NIMS Integration Center to provide strategic direction and
oversight in support of routine review and continual refinement of both the system
and its components over the long term.
19-May-09
129
NIMS Incident Command and Management
General Overview
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
Analysis of past responses indicate that the most common cause of response
failure is poor management.
Confusion about who’s in charge of what and when, together with unclear lines of
authority, have been the greatest contributors of poor response.
The Command and Management under NIMS has some definite benefits of using
ICS as the model Incident Management System.
19-May-09
130
NIMS Incident Command and Management
Detailed Overview
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
NIMS employs two (2) levels of “Incident Management Structures,” depending on
the nature of the Incident.
1. The “INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM” (ICS) is a standard, on-scene, all-hazard
incident management system. ICS allows users to adopt an integrated
organizational structure to match the needs of single or multiple Incidents.
2. “MULTIAGENCY COORDINATION SYSTEMS are a combination of facilities,
equipment, procedures, and communications integrated into a common
framework of coordinating and supporting Incident Management.
19-May-09
131
19-May-09
132
19-May-09
133
NIMS Incident Command and Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
NIMS requires that responses to all “Domestic Incidents” utilize a common
management structure.
•
The “Incident Command System – or ICS – is a standard, on-scene, all-hazard
incident management concept. ICS is a proven system that is used widely for
“Incident Management” by Firefighters, Law Enforcement, Rescuers,
Emergency Medical Teams, and Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) Teams.
•
ICS represents organizational “best practices” and has become the standard
for “Incident Management” across the country.
•
ICS is interdisciplinary and organizationally flexible to meet the needs of
Incidents of any kind, size, or level of complexity.
•
Using ICS, personnel from a variety of agencies can meld rapidly into a
common Management Structure.”
19-May-09
134
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
ICS has been tested for more than thirty (30) years and used for:
•
Planned Events
•
Fires, Hazardous Materials Spills, and Multi-casualty Incidents
•
Multi-jurisdictional and Multi-agency Disasters, such as earthquakes and winter storms
•
Search and Rescue Missions
•
Biological Outbreaks and Disease Containment
•
Acts of Terrorism
ICS helps all Responders communicate and get what they need when they need it. ICS
provides a safe, efficient, and cost-effective “Recovery Strategy.”
19-May-09
135
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
ICS FEATURES …
ICS has several features, eight (8) in all, that make it well suited to managing
Incidents. These features include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Common Terminology
Organizational Resources
Manageable Span of Control
Organizational Facilities
Use of Position Titles
Reliance on an “Incident Action Plan”
Integrated Communications
Accountability
19-May-09
136
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
1. COMMON TERMINOLOGY …
•
The ability to Communicate within ICS is absolutely critical.
•
Using standard or “Common Terminology” is essential to ensuring efficient,
Clear Communications.
•
ICS requires the use of Common Terminology, including “Standard Titles”
for “Facilities and Positions” within the Organization.
•
Common Terminology also includes the use of “Clear Text” – that is,
communication without the use of “Agency-specific Codes or Jargon.”
•
IN OTHER WORDS … USE PLAIN ENGLISH !
19-May-09
137
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
1. COMMON TERMINOLOGY (Continued) ...
Examples:
UNCOMMON TERMINOLOGY: “Response Branch, this is HAZMAT 1. We are 10-24.”
COMMON TERMINOLOGY:
19-May-09
“Response Branch, this is HAZMAT 1. We have
completed our assignment.”
138
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
2. ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES …
•
Resources, including all Personnel, Facilities, and Major Equipment and Supply
Items used to support Incident Management Activities, are assigned “Common
Designations.”
•
Resources are “Typed” with respect to capability to help avoid confusion and
enhance “Interoperability.”
19-May-09
139
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
3. MANAGEABLE SPAN OF CONTROL …
•
Maintaining adequate “Span-of-Control” throughout the ICS organization is
critical.
•
Effective “Span-of-Control” may vary from three (3) to seven (7), and a ratio of
one (1) Supervisor to five (5) reporting elements is recommended.
•
If the number of “Reporting Elements” falls outside of this range, “Expansion”
or “Consolidation” of the organization may be necessary.
•
There may be exceptions, usually in lower-risk assignments or where
resources work in close proximity to each other.
19-May-09
140
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
4. ORGANIZATIONAL FACILITIES …
•
“Common Terminology” is also used to define “Incident Facilities,” help
“Clarify” the “Activities” that take place at a specific Facility, and “Identify”
what member of the “Organization” can be found there.
•
For example, you find the “Incident Commander” at the “Incident Command
Post.” Incident Facilities include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The “Incident Command Post”
One or more “Staging Areas”
A “Base”
One or more “Camps” (when needed)
A “Helibase”
One or more “Helispots”
19-May-09
141
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
4. ORGANIZATIONAL FACILITIES (Continued) …
•
“Incident Facilities” will be established depending on the kind and complexity
of the Incident.
•
Only those “Facilities” needed for any given incident may be activated.
•
Some Incidents may require facilities not included on the standard list.
19-May-09
142
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
5. USE OF POSITION TITLES …
ICS Positions have distinct “Titles:”
•
Only the “Incident commander” is called “Commander” – and there is only one
Incident Commander per Incident.
•
Only the heads of Sections are called Chiefs.
•
Learning and using “Standard Terminology” helps reduce confusion between
the day-to-day position occupied by an individual and his or her position at the
Incident.
19-May-09
143
NIMS POSITION TITLES
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
19-May-09
144
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
6. RELIANCE ON AN INCIDENT ACTION PLAN …
•
“Incident Action Plans” (IAP’s) provide a coherent means to communicate the
overall incident objectives in the context of both operational and support
activities.
•
IAP’s are developed for operational periods that are usually 12 hours long.
•
IAP’s depend on Management-by-Objectives (MBO) to accomplish “Response
Tactics.”
19-May-09
145
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
6. RELIANCE ON AN INCIDENT ACTION PLAN (Continued) …
•
These IAP Objectives are communicated throughout the organization and are
used to:
1. Develop and issue assignments, plans, procedures, and protocols
2. Direct efforts to attain the Objectives in support of defined strategic
objectives
•
Results are always documented and fed back into planning for the next
Operational Period.
19-May-09
146
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
7. INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS …
•
Integrated Communications include:
1. The “Hardware” systems that transfer information
2. “Planning” for the use of all available communications frequencies and
resources
3. The “Procedures” and “Processes” for transferring information internally
and externally
19-May-09
147
NIMS Incident Command Management
Detailed Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
8. ACCOUNTABILITY…
•
Effective accountability at all jurisdictional levels and within individual
functional areas during an incident is essential.
•
To that end, ICS requires:
1. An orderly Chain-of-Command … the line of Authority within the ranks of the
Incident organization
2. Check-in for “ ALL ” Responders, regardless of Agency Affiliation
3. Each individual involved in Incident Operations to be assigned only one
Supervisor (also called “ UNITY-OF-COMMAND ”)
19-May-09
148
19-May-09
149
IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
The basic ICS principle is that the first Public Service Person to arrive at the
scene of an Incident assumes the position of “Incident Commander,” and is
responsible until the Authority is delegated to another person.
•
Expansion of Incidents may require the delegation of authority for the
performance of Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/Administration
functions, and these functions are performed by The Incident Commanders
“General Staff.”
•
The Incident “Base” is the location where primary Logistics and Administrative
Functions are coordinated and administered.
•
The position of Incident Commander is the only position in the Incident
Command “Chain-of-Command” that is staffed in all ICS applications.
19-May-09
150
IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
ICS has been used to manage incident such as Fires, Earthquakes, Hurricanes,
acts of Terrorism; and can be used for the planning and operation of private as
well as Public Celebrations, Parades, and Fairs … any function or “Event” that
requires coordination between disparate groups and organizations.
•
Depending upon the size and type of “Incident” or “Event” it may be necessary
for the Incident Commander to designate personnel to provide Public
Information, Safety, and Liaison Services for the entire organization, and these
functions are performed by the Incident Commander’s “Command Staff.”
•
Every Incident must have a verbal or written “Incident Action Plan.” The
purpose of this plan is to provide all “Incident Supervisory Personnel” with the
direction for taking actions based on the objectives identified in The Plan
during the “Operational Period.”
19-May-09
151
IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Sources: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
The ability to communicate within ICS is absolutely critical to mission
accomplishment. Therefore, “Common Terminology” is used across the board
at all levels, to ensure efficient, clear communications, within the ICS Chain-ofCommand.
•
Confusion over different “Position Titles” and “Organizational Structures” has
been a significant stumbling block to effective Incident Management in the
past. Therefore, there is no correlation between the “ICS Organization” and the
“Administrative Structure” of any single Agency or Jurisdiction.
•
In ICS, the “Operations Section Chief” conducts Tactical Operations, Develops
the Tactical Objectives and Organization, and directs all Tactical Resources.
•
In ICS, the “Public Information Officer” serves as the conduit between Internal
and External Stakeholders, including the media, or other organizations seeking
information directly from the Incident or Event.
19-May-09
152
IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
ICS uses “Distinct Titles” at each organizational level for individuals in
positions of primary responsibility. These distinct titles provide three (3)
important purposes:
1. Allow for filling ICS positions with the “Most Qualified Individuals” rather
than by rank.
2. Distinct Titles provide a “Common Standard” for all users.
3. Standard Position Titles are useful when requesting “Qualified Personnel.”
•
In ICS, the “Planning Chief” prepares and documents the Incident Action Plan,
collects and evaluates information, maintains resource status, and maintains
documentation for Incident Records.
19-May-09
153
IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
In ICS, “Span-of-Control” relates to the Supervisory Structure of the
Organization and pertains to the number of Individuals or Resources one (1)
Incident Supervisor can manage effectively.
•
In ICS, the “Logistics Section Chief” is responsible for ensuring that assigned
Incident Personnel are fed and have Communications, Medical Support, and
Transportation as needed to meet the “Operational Objectives.”
•
In ICS, the “Safety Officer” monitors Safety Conditions and develops measures
for assuring the safety of all assigned personnel.
•
An ICS “Incident Action Plan” always has measurable Strategic Operations to
be achieved within a specified period.
19-May-09
154
IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
In ICS, all Personnel and Equipment are kept in an Incident Facility called the
“Staging Area,” while waiting for “Tactical Assignments.”
•
In ICS, The Finance/Administration Section Chief manages Costs related to the
Incident, as well as providing Accounting, Procurement, Time Recording, and
Cost Analyses.
•
The Incident Commander typically supervises the Incident from the “Incident
Command Post,” which is outside of the Present and Potential Hazard Area.
•
When personnel report for duty as a member of an Incident Response Team,
the process called “Check-in” officially logs you in at the Incident.
•
The “Check-in Process” and information provided, help to locate personnel in
case of an emergency.
19-May-09
155
IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
In ICS, The Liaison Officer serves as the primary contact for supporting
agencies assigned to an Incident.
•
After “Check-in” all Responding Personnel reporting as part of an Incident
Response Team should locate their “Incident Supervisor” and receive their
“Initial Briefing.”
•
From the very inception of The ICS System, designers of The System
recognized early-on, that ICS must allow personnel from a variety of Agencies
to meld rapidly into a “Common Management Structure.”
•
In ICS, the “Camp” is the Incident Facility where resources are kept to support
Incident Operations if a “Base” is not accessible to all resources.
19-May-09
156
19-May-09
157
ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
One of the key principles of ICS is “Unity-of-Command.” “Unity-of-Command”
means that each individual involved in Incident Operations will be assigned to
only one (1) Supervisor.
•
While ICS is in effect during an Incident, “Formal Communication” is used in
reporting progress of “Assigned Tasks.”
•
During the implementation of ICS many priorities arise. The “Top Priority”
within the ICS Common Leadership Responsibilities is ensuring safe work
practices.
•
ICS, as an organization, may have “Deputy Positions” at the levels of Branch,
Incident Command, and Section.
•
“Branches” within the ICS Organization can be established “Geographically”
or “Functionally.”
19-May-09
158
ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
In ICS, “Span-of-Control” is accomplished by organizing resources into Teams,
Divisions, Groups, Branches, or Sections.
•
While ICS is in effect, and the “Incident Scope” is complex or beyond existing
authorities, “Delegation of Authority” may be needed.
•
During the ICS Process, the “Operations Section” is responsible for determining
the appropriate “Tactics” for an Incident.
•
In order to insure uniformity and consistency in the “ICS Approach” to an
Incident, Emergency Operations Plans written after October 2005 must be
consistent with The National Incident Management System (NIMS).
•
In order to insure “Mission Success” and “Competency” at the Highest Level
during any Incident, the individual assuming the role of the “Deputy Incident
Commander” must be equally capable of assuming the “Incident Commander
Role.”
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ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
During the ICS Process, representatives from Assisting or Cooperating
Agencies and Organizations coordinate through the “Liaison Officer.”
•
During the execution of the ICS System, the Information and Intelligence
function may be organized as a separate General Staff Section.
•
While actively engaged in an ICS Incident, “Resources” within the “Staging
Areas” are assigned and should be available for deployment.
•
The “Regularly Scheduled Briefing” that takes place during an ICS Incident is
called the “Operational Period Briefing.” This “Briefing” presents the “Incident
Action Plan” (IAP) for the upcoming period to supervisory personnel.
•
In ICS, the Finance/Administration Section is responsible for handling Claims
related to Property Damage, Injuries, or Fatalities at the Incident.
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ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
ICS has many forms associated with it. “ICS FORM 201” contains Status
Information for briefing the Incoming Incident Commander or Team, or other
Resources.
•
In the ICS Process, the Staff Member who generally facilitates the Operational
Period Briefing is the “Planning Section Chief.”
•
In order to maintain “Efficiencies of Scale,” and to “Manage Resources
Efficiently” as well as “Employ them Effectively”, ICS Organizational Structure
should include only the functions and positions needed to achieve the Incident
Objectives.
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ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
ICS Incidents are classified into five (5) Types or Levels of Complexity … Type
Five (5) being the Least Complex, and Type One (1) being the Most Complex.
•
ICS TYPE 5 INCIDENT: Local Village and Township Level.
•
ICS TYPE 4 INCIDENT: City, County, or Fire District Level.
•
ICS TYPE 3 INCIDENT: State or Metropolitan Area Level.
•
ICS TYPE 2 INCIDNET: National and State Level.
•
ICS TYPE 1 INCIDENT: National and State Level with implications of Grave and
Catastrophic Disaster.
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ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
In ICS, “Typing Resources” refers to the grouping and accounting of resources
by “Type.” Typing Resources allows managers to make better Resource
Ordering Decisions by describing the Size, Capability, and Staffing
Qualifications of a Specific Resource.
•
In order to insure Continuity of Operations, during an ICS Incident, when
Command is Transferred, all personnel with a need to know should be told the
effective time and date of the transfer.
•
When arriving at an Incident, the higher/highest ranking person will either:
1. Assume Command,
2. Maintain Command as is,
3. or Reassign Command to a Third Party.
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ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT ICS CONCEPTS
(Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
In ICS, the “Medical Unit” is responsible for the development of the “Medical
Plan,” obtaining Medical Aid, and Transportation for injured and ill Incident
Personnel.
•
In ICS Management, “Span-of-Control” for any Supervisor is:
1. Between 3 and 7 Subordinates,
2. Optimality does not exceed five (5) Subordinates.
•
Throughout the entire Incident, objectives are established based on the
following priorities:
FIRST PRIORITY … LIFE SAVING
SECOND PRIORITY … INCIDENT STABILIZATION
THIRD PRIORITY … PROPERTY PRESERVATION
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
COORDINATION TO FACILITATE MANAGEMENT …
While ICS has proven itself to be effective for all types of Incidents, other levels of
Coordination may be required to facilitate Management of:
•
Multiple Concurrent Incidents
•
Incidents that are non-site specific, such as Biological Terrorist Incidents
•
Incidents that are geographically dispersed
•
Incidents that evolve over time
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NIMS UNIFIED COMMAND
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
WHAT IS “UNIFIED COMMAND?”
Simply put … “Unified Command” is an application of ICS used when:
1. There is more than one (1) responding agency with responsibility for the
incident
2. Incidents cross political jurisdictions
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
WHAT IS “UNIFIED COMMAND” (Continued)?
For example, a Unified Command may be used for:
1. A hazardous Materials spill that contains a nearby reservoir …
In This incident, the Fire Department, the Water Authority, and the Local
Environmental Authority may each participate in a Unified Command.
2. A flood that devastates multiple communities …
In this case, Incident Management Personnel from key response agencies
from each community may participate in a Unified Command.
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
HOW DOES “UNIFIED COMMAND” WORK?
•
Under a Unified Command, agencies work together through the designated
members of The Unified Command to:
1. Analyze the Intelligence Information
2. Establish a common set of objectives and strategies for a single Incident
Action Plan
•
“Unified Command does not change any of the other features of ICS. It merely
allows all agencies with responsibility for the Incident to participate in the
decision-making process.
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
WHAT IS AN “AREA COMMAND?”
•
An “Area Command” is an organization established to:
1. Oversee the Management of Multiple Incidents that are each being managed
by an ICS Organization
2. Oversee the Management of Large Incidents that cross Jurisdictional
Boundaries
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
WHAT IS AN “AREA COMMAND” (Continued)?
•
Area Commands are particularly relevant to Public Health Emergencies
because these Incidents are typically:
1. Not Site Specific
2. Not Immediately Identifiable
3. Geographically dispersed and Evolve Over Time
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NIMS AREA COMMAND
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
WHAT DOES AN “AREA COMMAND” DO?
•
The Area Command has the responsibility for:
1. Setting Overall Strategy and Priorities
2. Allocating Critical Resources According to the Priorities
3. Ensuring that Incidents are Properly Managed
4. Ensuring that Objectives are Met
5. Ensuring that Strategies are Followed
•
An “Area Command” may become a “Unified Area Command” when
Incidents are Multi-jurisdictional or involve Multiple Agencies.
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NIMS AREA COMMAND ORGANIZATION
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION SYSTEMS …
•
Multi-agency Coordination Systems are a “Combination” of Resources that are
integrated into a Common Framework for Coordinating and Supporting
Domestic Incident Management Activities. These Resources may include:
1. Facilities
2. Equipment
3. Personnel
4. Procedures
5. Communications
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
WHAT DO MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION SYSTEMS DO?
•
The Primary Functions of Multi-agency Coordination Systems are to:
1. “Support” Incident Management Policies and Priorities
2. “Facilitate” Logistics Support and Resource Tracking
3. Make “Resource” Allocation decisions based on Incident Management
Priorities
4. “Coordinate” Incident-related Information
5. “Coordinate” Interagency and Intergovernmental issues regarding Incident
Management Policies, Priorities, and Strategies
19-May-09
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
WHAT DO MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION SYSTEMS DO (Continued)?
•
Direct Tactical and Operational Responsibility for the Conduct of “Incident
Management Activities rests with the on-scene Incident commander.
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION SYSTEM ELEMENTS …
•
Multi-agency Coordination Systems include Emergency Operations Centers
(EOC’s) and, in certain “Multi-jurisdictional” or Complex Incidents, “Multiagency Coordination Entities.”
•
NIMS EOC’s:
1. Are the locations from which the coordination of information and
resources to support “Incident Activities” takes place.
2. Are typically established by the Emergency Management Agency at
the Local and State Levels.
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION SYSTEM ELEMENTS (Continued) …
•
Multi-jurisdictional or Complex Incidents:
1. Multi-agency Coordination Entities typically consist of principals from
organizations with “direct” Incident Management responsibilities,
2. or with “significant” Incident Management support or resource
responsibilities.
3. These entities may be used to facilitate Incident Management and Policy
Coordination.
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATING SYSTEMS MAY HAVE EMERGENCY
OPERATIONS CENTERS (EOC’s) …
•
EOC Organization and Staffing is Flexible, but should include:
1. Coordination
2. Communications
3. Resource Dispatching and Tracking
4. Information Collection, Analysis, and Dissemination
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NIMS EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTERS
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION ENTITY INCIDENT RESPONSIBILITIES …
•
“Regardless” of their “Form” or “Structure,” Multi-agency Coordination
Entities are responsible for:
1. Ensuring that each involved Agency is providing situation and resource
status information
2. Establishing priorities between Incidents and/or Area Commands in concert
with the Incident Command or Unified Command
3. Acquiring and allocating resources required by Incident Management
Personnel
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION ENTITY INCIDENT RESPONSIBILITIES
(Continued) …
•
“Regardless” of their “Form” or “Structure,” Multi-agency Coordination
Entities are responsible for (Continued):
4. Coordinating and Identifying Future Resource Requirements
5. Coordinating and Resolving Policy Issues
6. Providing Strategic Coordination
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION ENTITY POST-INCIDENT RESPONSIBILITIES …
•
Following Incidents, Multi-agency Coordination Entities are typically
responsible for ensuring that revisions are acted upon.
•
Revisions may be made to:
1. Plans
2. Procedures
3. Communications
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Command and Management Under NIMS
In Depth Overview (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
MULTI-AGENCY COORDINATION ENTITY POST-INCIDENT RESPONSIBILITIES
(Continued) …
•
Revisions may be made to (Continued):
4. Staffing
5. Other capabilities necessary for improved Incident Management
•
These revisions are based on “Lessons Learned” from the Incident.
•
They should be coordinated with the Emergency Planning Team in the
jurisdiction and with Mutual Aid Partners.
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IMPORTANT NIMS CONCEPTS
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
One of the chief benefits of NIMS is that it is applicable across Jurisdictions
and Functions.
•
Regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity, NIMS provides a “Flexible”
framework that applies to all phases of “Incident Management.”
•
Within NIMS the “Incident Command System” (ICS) is a proven Incident
Management System that is based on “Organizational Best Practices.”
•
NIMS purports that within ICS, the “Span-of-Control” may vary from three (3) to
seven (7).
•
NIMS dictates that the use of common terminology for ICS Position Titles helps
to reduce confusion between a person’s position on an Incident and his or hers
“Day-to-Day Position.”
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IMPORTANT NIMS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
“Incident Action Plans” (IAP’s) depend on “Management by Objectives” to
accomplish “Response Tactics.”
•
The use of the “Unified Command” concept, is a good choice for a hazardous
materials spill in which more than one (1) agency has responsibility for the
response.
•
The use of the “Area Command” concept, is a good choice for “Public Health
Emergencies” that are not “Site Specific.”
•
An “Area Command” organization does not include an “Operations Section.”
•
Making sure that “Resource Allocation Decisions” are based on “Incident
Priorities” is one “Key Responsibility” of “Multi-agency Coordination Systems.
19-May-09
187
IMPORTANT NIMS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
“Multi-agency Coordination” and “Joint Information Activities” may be
supported by “Emergency Operations Centers.”
•
The “Joint Information System” established Policies, Procedures, and
Protocols for gathering and disseminating Information.
•
“Public Information Officers” (PIO’s) operate within the parameters of the
“Joint Information System.”
•
When a “Joint Information Center” (JIC) is established as part of a “Unified
Command,” Agencies or Organizations contributing to “Joint Public
Information Management,” retain their organizational independence.
•
“Joint Information System” Protocols must be used by JIC’s when multiple
JIC’s are established, in order for all the JIC’s to communicate and coordinate
with each other on an ongoing basis.
19-May-09
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IMPORTANT NIMS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
The NIMS “National Integration Center” will Maintain and Manage “NationalLevel Preparedness Standards” related to NIMS.
•
The Establishment of Guidelines and Protocols for Resource Management, is
one (1) responsibility of “Preparedness Organizations” at all levels.
•
A “Corrective Action Plan” is a plan based on Lessons Learned from “Actual
Incidents.”
•
To facilitate the definition of “General Training Requirements and Approved
Courses” is, one (1) area of focus for the “NIMS Integration Center.”
•
The NIMS “Integration Center” will Review and Approve lists of Equipment
meeting “National Standards,” to help ensure that Equipment Performs to
certain Standards and is Interoperable with equipment used by other
Jurisdictions.
19-May-09
189
IMPORTANT NIMS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
•
In order to facilitate the Timely-Delivery-of-Assistance during Incidents, “Mutual
Aid Agreements” (MAA’s) and “Emergency Management Assistance Compacts”
(EMAC’s) are helpful.
•
“Resource Typing” involves the categorizing of Resources based on
“Performance.”
•
By establishing “Certification and Credentialing Standards” for “Key
Personnel,” NIMS ensures that all personnel possess a “Minimum-Level-ofTraining, Experience, Fitness, Capability, and Currency.”
•
When the “Incident Commander” cannot obtain items locally, such requests for
items must be submitted thought the “Multi-agency Coordination Entity.”
•
“Resource Managers” use Established Procedures to track Resources
continuously from “Mobilization-through-Demobilization.”
19-May-09
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IMPORTANT NIMS CONCEPTS (Continued)
(Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management Institute)
AND FINALLY ….
•
NIMS “Standards-for-Communications” and “Information Management” are
based on the principle that a “Common-Operating-Picture” is required to ensure
Consistency among all who respond.
19-May-09
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- TERRORIST GROUPS RECENT SUCCESSFUL INCIDENTS
AND THEIR POTENTIAL TARGETS
(Source: The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security and Various United States of America Government Public Domain Documents and Publications)
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STUDENT PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
As a result of this instruction the student will be able to, via a written
examination of 100 questions:
1. Demonstrate knowledge of Terrorism, Incident Awareness, and Response,
2. distinguish between a HAZMAT Incident, and a Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical (NBC) Incident,
3. show an understanding of the importance of Incident Response and its
challenges,
4. demonstrate knowledge of “Terrorist Incidents” through the year 2006,
5. display a knowledge and understanding of both the “National Incident
Management System” (NIMS), and the “Incident Management System” (ICS),
6. and distinguish between both Domestic and International Terrorists Groups;
to include “Lone Wolf” and “Organized State Sponsored Terrorist Groups”
involved in WMD Incidents to date (i.e. Chemical, Biological, Radiological,
Nuclear, and High-yield Explosives – CBRNE Incidents).
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VITA
COLONEL ANDREW J. JURCHENKO, SR. CHS-V
United States Army (Retired)
ABIT, BLSI, CFI, DTI,IT, MMA-HRD, OCI/LLFIT, RCI
The American Board for Certification In Homeland Security
2750 East Sunshine Springfield, Missouri 65804
Toll Free: (800) 423-9737
Office FAX: (417) 881-4702
Direct Line: (678) 873-5964 (Cell)
E-mail: [email protected]
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UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO
CERTIFIED IN HOMELAND SECURITY
LEVEL 4
(CHS-IV) COURSE
American Board for Certification in Homeland Security
2009 CHS-IV POI (MOD II SE)
Presented by: Colonel Andrew J. Jurchenko, Sr., CHS-V
United States Army (Retired)
ABIT, BLSI, CFI, DTI, IT, MMA-HRD, OCI/LLFIT, RCI
19-May-09
UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO
231