Synthetic routes (A Level) - reaction pathways
Aliphatic compounds
Alkane
H2/Ni
halogen
UV
hydrogen halide
Alkene
H2O (steam)/H3PO4
Haloalkane
NaOH(aq)
H3PO4 or H2SO4, heat
1°
carboxylic acid/
conc. H2SO4 OR
acid anhydride
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
reflux
dilute acid, heat
OH–
heat
Carboxylate
Version 1
alcohol
H2/Ni
Amine
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, reflux
2°
NaBH4
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
distillation
Aldehyde
alcohol/conc. H2SO4
Ester
NaBH4
NH3/ethanol
sodium halide /
H2SO4
Alcohol
Nitrile
CN–/ethanol
Ketone
NaCN(aq)/
H+(aq)
NaCN(aq)/H+(aq)
H2/Ni
Hydroxynitrile
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
reflux
Carboxylic acid
H2O
SOCl2
Acyl chloride
H2O/HCl, heat
NH3
primary amine
1o Amide
2o Amide
© OCR 2017
Synthetic routes (A Level) - reaction pathways
Aromatic compounds
NH2
Br2
Sn/conc. HCl
CH3
CH3Cl/
Al Cl3
conc. HNO3
conc. H2SO4
Br
Br2/
CH3COCl
Al Cl3
NaBH4
Version 1
Al Br3 or Fe
or FeBr3
Cl2/
Al Cl3 or Fe
or FeCl3
© OCR 2017
Synthetic routes (A Level) - reaction pathways
Phenols
Br2
and
dilute HNO3
NaOH(aq)
Version 1
© OCR 2017
Synthetic routes (A Level) - reaction pathways
Aliphatic compounds
Alkane
Nitrile
Alkene
Haloalkane
Amine
Alcohol
1°
2°
Aldehyde
Ester
Ketone
Hydroxynitrile
Carboxylic acid
1o Amide
Carboxylate
Version 1
Acyl chloride
2o Amide
© OCR 2017
Synthetic routes (A Level) - reaction pathways
Aromatic compounds
NH2
CH3
Br
Version 1
© OCR 2017
Synthetic routes (A Level) - reaction pathways
Phenols
OH
NO 2
OH
and
OH
-
O Na
+
NO 2
Version 1
© OCR 2017