Oÿahu Zone 3
(Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)
Oÿahu Zone 3, Fern/Fern Ally
End/ind/pol
Height
(ft)
Spread
(ft)
ÿIwaÿiwa, ÿiwaÿiwa häwai, ÿiwaÿiwa kahakaha,
Venus’ hair fern, maidenhair fern
Indigenous
1 to 2
1
ÿIwaÿiwa, spleenwort
Indigenous
<1 to 1
1
ÿIwa, ÿalae, spleenwort
Indigenous
1 to 4
4
ÿIwa, ÿalae, spleenwort
Indigenous
1 to 4
4
Asplenium nidus
ÿËkaha, ÿëkaha kuahiwi, ÿëkahakaha, bird’s nest
fern
Indigenous
4 to 6
6
Asplenium normale
Spleenwort
Indigenous
1 to 4
2
Diellia erecta f. pumila
Palapalai lau liÿi
Endemic
<1
1
Doodia kunthiana
ÿÖkupukupu, pämoho, ÿökupukupu lauÿiÿi
Endemic
1 to 2
3
Doryopteris decipiens
ÿIwaÿiwa, manawahua, kumuniu
Endemic
1
1
Doryopteris decora
Doryopteris subdecipiens (D.
decipiens x D. decora)
Dryopteris fusco-atra var.
fusco-atra
Lepisorus thunbergianus
N/A
Endemic
1
1
N/A
Endemic
1
1
ÿIÿi
Endemic
1 to 4
2
Indigenous
1 to 2
1
Species
Common name
Adiantum capillus-veneris
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum
Asplenium horridum var.
glabratum
Asplenium horridum var.
horridum
Päkahakaha, ÿëkaha, ÿäkölea, puaÿa
Marsilea villosa
ÿIhiÿihi, ÿihiÿihi läÿau
Endemic
<1 to 1
11
Nephrolepis exaltata ssp.
hawaiiensis
Nephrolepis x medlerae (N.
exaltata ssp. hawaiiensis x N.
multiflora)
Ophioglossum nudicaule
Niÿaniÿau, ÿökupukupu, pämoho, kupukupu,
palapalai, sword fern
Endemic
1 to 4
8
Kupukupu, ÿökupukupu, Hawaiian sword fern
hybrid
Endemic
1 to 4
8
Adder’s tongue
Indigenous
<1
2
Ophioglossum petiolatum
Adder’s tongue
Indigenous
<1
2
Pellaea ternifolia
Pityrogramma x mckenneyi
(P. austroamericana x P.
calomelanos)
Kalamoho lau liÿi, laukahi, kalamoho
Indigenous
<1
1
Endemic
3
2
Psilotum nudum
Moa, moa nahele, pipi, ÿoÿomoa, upright
whiskfern
Indigenous
<1 to 2
2
Pteris cretica
ÿÖali, ÿöwali, cretan brake
Indigenous
1 to 3
2
Pteris irregularis
Mänä, ÿähewa, ÿiwa puakea
Endemic
2 to 4
4
Fool’s gold fern (endemic hybrid of naturalized
species)
Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply
by Gregory A. Koob, PhD.
All rights reserved
Page 1
4/11/2004
Oÿahu Zone 3
(Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)
Oÿahu Zone 3, Grass/Sedge
End/ind/pol
Height
(ft)
Spread
(ft)
Indigenous
1 to 2
<1
Endemic
1
<1
N/A
Indigenous
1 to 3
2
N/A
Endemic
1 to 4
2
N/A
Endemic
1 to 4
2
Kämanomano, kümanomano, sandbur
Endemic
1 to 8
4
Possibly
Indigenous
1
2
N/A
Endemic
1 to 3
1
N/A
Endemic
1 to 3
1
N/A
Endemic
2 to 5
2
Lovegrass
Endemic
4 to 6
1
Eragrostis fosbergii
Lovegrass
Endemic
2 to 4
1
Eragrostis variabilis
Käwelu, ÿemoloa, kalamälö, lovegrass
Endemic
2 to 3
2
Heteropogon contortus
Pili, lule, pili grass, twisted beardgrass, tanglehead
Indigenous
2 to 4
1
Panicum beecheyi
Panic grass
Endemic
1 to 2
1
Panicum fauriei var. carteri
Carter’s panic grass
Endemic
<1 to 2
1
Panicum fauriei var. fauriei
Panic grass
Endemic
<1 to 2
1
Panicum fauriei var. latius
Panic grass
Endemic
<1 to 2
1
Panicum nephelophilum
Konakona, panic grass
Endemic
2 to 9
4
Panicum torridum
Käkonakona, häkonakona, panic grass
Endemic
<1 to 3
1
Panicum xerophilum
Käkonakona, heÿupueo, panic grass
Endemic
<1 to 3
1
Paspalum scrobiculatum
Mauÿu laiki, ricegrass
Indigenous
2 to 5
2
Saccharum officinarum
Kö, sugarcane
Polynesian
introduction
8 to 11
8
Species
Common name
Agrostis avenacea
Heÿupueo, bentgrass
Agrostis sandwicensis
Bentgrass
Carex meyenii
Carex wahuensis ssp. herbstii
Carex wahuensis ssp.
rubiginosa
Cenchrus agrimonioides var.
agrimonioides
Chrysopogon aciculatus
Mänienie ÿula, piÿipiÿi, pilipili ÿula, golden
beardgrass
Cyperus hillebrandii ssp.
decipiens
Cyperus hillebrandii ssp.
hillebrandii
Cyperus pennatiformis var.
pennatiformis
Eragrostis atropioides
Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply
by Gregory A. Koob, PhD.
All rights reserved
Page 2
4/11/2004
Oÿahu Zone 3
(Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)
Oÿahu Zone 3, Herbaceous Plant
End/ind/pol
Height
(ft)
Spread
(ft)
Pua kala, kala, naule, pökalakala, Hawaiian poppy
Endemic
3 to 6
4
Koÿokoÿolau, koÿolau
Endemic
3 to 10
8
Bidens torta
Koÿokoÿolau, koÿolau
Endemic
4 to 10
8
Dianella sandwicensis
ÿUkiÿuki, ÿuki
Indigenous
2 to 8
6
Korthalsella cylindrica
Hulumoa, kaumahana
Endemic
<1 to 1
<1
Korthalsella remyana
Lipochaeta lobata ssp.
leptophylla
Lipochaeta lobata var. lobata
Hulumoa, kaumahana
Endemic
<1 to 1
<1
Nehe
Endemic
2 to 6
4
Nehe
Endemic
2 to 6
4
Oxalis corniculata
ÿIhi ÿai, ÿihi ÿawa, ÿihi maka ÿula, ÿihi mäkole,
yellow wood sorrel
Possible
Polynesian
Introduced
<1 to 1
2
Peperomia blanda var.
floribunda
ÿAlaÿala wai nui
Indigenous
1
2
Persicaria glabra
Kämole
Possibly
Indigenous
2 to 6
6
Plectranthus parviflorus
ÿAlaÿala wai nui, ÿalaÿala wai nui pua kï, ÿalaÿala
wai nui wahine, spurflower
Indigenous
<1 to 4
4
Portulaca villosa
Pseudognaphalium
sandwicensium var.
sandwicensium
Sanicula mariversa
ÿIhi
Endemic
1
2
ÿEnaÿena, püheu
Endemic
<1 to 2
2
N/A
Endemic
2 to 3
1
Solanum americanum
Pöpolo, ÿolohua, polopolo, pöpolohua, glossy
nightshade
Possibly
Indigenous
4 to 5
4
Species
Common name
Argemone glauca var. glauca
Bidens cervicata
Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply
by Gregory A. Koob, PhD.
All rights reserved
Page 3
4/11/2004
Oÿahu Zone 3
(Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)
Oÿahu Zone 3, Subshrub
End/ind/pol
Height
(ft)
Spread
(ft)
ÿÄhinahina, hinahina, hinahina kuahiwi
Endemic
1 to 2
4
Rumex albescens
Huÿahuÿakö
Endemic
2 to 4
8
Sida rhombifolia
N/A
Possibly
Indigenous
2 to 6
4
Silene lanceolata
Catchfly, campion
Endemic
1 to 2
2
Tephrosia purpurea var.
purpurea
ÿAuhuhu, ahuhu, ÿauhola, hola
Polynesian
introduction
4 to 6
4
Waltheria indica
ÿUhaloa, ÿalaÿala pü loa, hala ÿuhaloa, hiÿaloa,
kanakaloa
Indigenous
2 to 8
4
Species
Common name
Artemisia australis
Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply
by Gregory A. Koob, PhD.
All rights reserved
Page 4
4/11/2004
Oÿahu Zone 3
(Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)
Oÿahu Zone 3, Shrub
End/ind/pol
Height
(ft)
Spread
(ft)
Koÿoloa ÿula
Endemic
8 to 11
11
N/A
Endemic
6 to 11
8
Hinahina ÿewa
Endemic
2 to 8
4
Maile
Endemic
4 to 11
8
Capparis sandwichiana
Maiapilo, pilo, pua pilo
Endemic
4 to 19
11
Chamaesyce arnottiana
Chamaesyce celastroides var.
kaenana
Chamaesyce kuwaleana
Chamaesyce multiformis var.
microphylla
Chamaesyce multiformis var.
multiformis
ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei
Endemic
2 to 8
8
ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei
Endemic
2 to 4
6
ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei
Endemic
1 to 3
2
ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei
Endemic
2 to 11
8
ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei
Endemic
2 to 11
8
Chenopodium oahuense
ÿÄheahea, ÿahea, ÿähewahewa, alaweo, alaweo
huna, ÿäweoweo, kähaÿihaÿi
Endemic
2 to 11
8
Dubautia herbstobatae
Naÿenaÿe, küpaoa, hanupaoa, hinaÿaikamalama,
neÿineÿi
Endemic
2
4
Hedyotis coriacea
Kioÿele
Endemic
2 to 8
4
Isodendrion laurifolium
Aupaka
Endemic
4 to 11
2
Isodendrion pyrifolium
Wahine noho kula
Endemic
3 to 8
8
Lepidium arbuscula
Pepperwort, peppergrass
Endemic
2 to 5
3
Lobelia niihauensis
N/A
Endemic
1 to 2
4
Lobelia yuccoides
Neraudia angulata var.
angulata
Nototrichium humile
Pänaunau
Endemic
6 to 8
6
N/A
Endemic
6 to 11
6
Kuluÿï
Endemic
4 to 19
19
Osteomeles anthyllidifolia
ÿÜlei, eluehe, uÿulei
Indigenous
4 to 11
10
Phyllanthus distichus
Pämakani mähü, pämakani
Endemic
1 to 8
6
Plumbago zeylanica
ÿIlieÿe, hilieÿe, ÿiliheÿe, lauhihi
Indigenous
1
15
Scaevola gaudichaudii
Naupaka kuahiwi
Endemic
2 to 6
8
Schiedea ligustrina
N/A
Endemic
1 to 2
2
Senna gaudichaudii
Kolomona, heuhiuhu, kalamona, uhiuhi
Indigenous
2 to 15
8
Sesbania tomentosa
ÿOhai
Endemic
2 to 10
19
Sida fallax
Tetramolopium filiforme var.
filiforme
Tetramolopium filiforme var.
polyphyllum
ÿIlima
Indigenous
1 to 11
8
N/A
Endemic
<1 to 1
1
N/A
Endemic
<1 to 1
1
Species
Common name
Abutilon menziesii
Abutilon sandwicense
Achyranthes splendens var.
rotundata
Alyxia oliviformis
Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply
by Gregory A. Koob, PhD.
All rights reserved
Page 5
4/11/2004
Oÿahu Zone 3
(Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)
Oÿahu Zone 3, Shrub
Species
Viola chamissoniana ssp.
chamissoniana
Wikstroemia uva-ursi var.
uva-ursi
End/ind/pol
Height
(ft)
Spread
(ft)
Pämakani, ÿolopü, violet
Endemic
2
1
ÿÄkia, kauhi
Endemic
4 to 6
6
Common name
Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply
by Gregory A. Koob, PhD.
All rights reserved
Page 6
4/11/2004
Oÿahu Zone 3
(Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)
Oÿahu Zone 3, Tree/Shrub
Species
Common name
Caesalpinia kavaiensis
Claoxylon sandwicense
Dodonaea viscosa
Eugenia reinwardtiana
Hibiscus kokio ssp. kokio
Hibiscus tiliaceus
Morinda citrifolia
Uhiuhi, käwaÿu, kea
Poÿolä, laukea
ÿAÿaliÿi, ÿaÿaliÿi kü makani, ÿaÿaliÿi kü ma kua,
kümakani
Nïoi
Kokiÿo, kokiÿo ÿula, kokiÿo ÿulaÿula, mäkü
Hau
Noni, Indian mulberry
Nesoluma polynesicum
Nototrichium sandwicense
Pisonia brunoniana
Pittosporum confertiflorum
Pouteria sandwicensis
Psydrax odorata
Santalum ellipticum
Santalum freycinetianum var.
freycinetianum
Sophora chrysophylla
Streblus pendulinus
Keahi
Kuluÿï
Päpala këpau, päpala
Höÿawa, häÿawa
ÿÄlaÿa, äulu, ÿëlaÿa, kaulu
Alaheÿe, ÿöheÿe, walaheÿe
ÿIliahialoÿe, coast sandalwood
ÿIliahi, ÿaÿahi, ÿaoa, läÿau ÿala, wahie ÿala,
sandalwood
Mämane, mamani
Aÿiaÿi
End/ind/pol
Height
(ft)
15 to 38
8 to 23
8 to 31
Spread
(ft)
31
6
15
Indigenous
Endemic
Indigenous
Polynesian
introduction
Indigenous
Endemic
Indigenous
Endemic
Endemic
Indigenous
Endemic
Endemic
6 to 27
4 to 27
8 to 76
11 to 23
10
11
38
19
19 to 38
3 to 27
11 to 23
8 to 34
46 to 76
11 to 57
4 to 19
4 to 50
27
23
11
11
38
23
11
27
Endemic
Indigenous
46 to 57
8 to 31
19
15
Endemic
Endemic
Indigenous
Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply
by Gregory A. Koob, PhD.
All rights reserved
Page 7
4/11/2004
Oÿahu Zone 3
(Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)
Oÿahu Zone 3, Tree
End/ind/pol
Height
(ft)
Spread
(ft)
Koaiÿa, koaiÿe, koaÿohä
Endemic
76 to 96
76
Mähoe, ÿalaÿalahua
Endemic
11 to 42
23
Kauila, kauwila, oÿa
Endemic
15 to 96
57
Antidesma pulvinatum
Hame, haÿä, haÿämaile, hamehame, mehame,
mehamehame
Endemic
8 to 46
15
Artocarpus altilis
ÿUlu, breadfruit
Polynesian
introduction
34 to 69
38
Bobea sandwicensis
ÿAhakea
Endemic
34 to 38
19
Bobea timonioides
ÿAhakea
Endemic
34 to 38
19
Charpentiera obovata
Päpala
Endemic
17 to 23
11
Diospyros sandwicensis
Lama, ëlama
Endemic
8 to 57
23
Erythrina sandwicensis
Wiliwili
Endemic
46 to 57
46
Flueggea neowawraea
Mëhamehame
Endemic
96 to 115
57
Gardenia brighamii
Nänü, näÿü
Endemic
15 to 19
11
Myrsine lanaiensis
Kölea
Endemic
11 to 23
11
Nestegis sandwicensis
Olopua, pua, ulupua
Endemic
31 to 96
23
Nothocestrum latifolium
ÿAiea, hälena
Endemic
34 to 38
11
Ochrosia compta
Hölei
Endemic
11 to 38
31
Pisonia sandwicensis
Äulu, kaulu
Endemic
46 to 57
19
Pleomele forbesii
Psychotria hathewayi var.
brevipetiolata
Psychotria hathewayi var.
hathewayi
Psychotria mariniana
Hala pepe, leÿie
Endemic
11 to 27
15
Köpiko
Endemic
27 to 31
23
Köpiko
Endemic
27 to 31
23
Köpiko
Endemic
38 to 76
38
Reynoldsia sandwicensis
ÿOhe, ÿohe kukuluaeÿo, ÿohe makai, ÿoheÿohe,
ÿoheokai
Endemic
76 to 115
57
Rhus sandwicensis
Neleau, neneleau, sumac
Endemic
11 to 31
11
Sapindus oahuensis
Lonomea, äulu, kaulu
Endemic
23 to 57
38
Xylosma hawaiiense
Zanthoxylum dipetalum var.
dipetalum
Zanthoxylum dipetalum var.
dipetalum
Zanthoxylum kauaense
Maua, aÿe
Endemic
11 to 34
15
Käwaÿu, käwaÿu kua kuku kapa
Endemic
15 to 57
19
Käwaÿu, käwaÿu kua kuku kapa
Endemic
15 to 57
23
Aÿe, mänele, heaÿe
Endemic
4 to 57
23
Species
Common name
Acacia koaia
Alectryon macrococcus var.
macrococcus
Alphitonia ponderosa
Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply
by Gregory A. Koob, PhD.
All rights reserved
Page 8
4/11/2004
Oÿahu Zone 3
(Less than 50 inches rainfall per year, 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation)
Oÿahu Zone 3, Vine/Liana
End/ind/pol
Height
(ft)
Spread
(ft)
Endemic
38 to 57
15
Käkalaioa, hihikolo, kinikini, yellow nickers,
Hawaiian pearls
Possibly
Indigenous
46 to 57
38
Cocculus orbiculatus
Huehue, hue, hueÿie, ÿinalua
Indigenous
2 to 11
11
Gouania vitifolia
N/A
Endemic
8 to 19
11
Ipomoea cairica
Koali ÿai, koali, koali ÿaiÿai, koali lau manamana,
kowali, paÿaliÿi, ivy-leaved morning glory
Indigenous
11 to 15
8
Ipomoea indica
Ipomoea pes-caprae var.
brasiliensis
Ipomoea tuboides
Koali ÿawa, koali ÿawahia, koali läÿau, koali pehu
Indigenous
19 to 27
15
Pöhuehue, puhuehue, beach morning glory
Indigenous
1
19
Endemic
11 to 19
11
Lablab purpureus
Päpapa, pï, hyacinth bean
15 to 19
19
Mucuna sloanei var. sloanei
Sicyos pachycarpus
Cow-itch plant, sea bean, sheep’s eye
38 to 57
38
Küpala
Endemic
11 to 27
11
Sicyos waimanaloensis
ÿÄnunu
Endemic
11 to 31
15
Vigna o-wahuensis
N/A
Endemic
<1 to 2
1
Species
Common name
Bonamia menziesii
N/A
Caesalpinia major
Hawaiian moon flower
Possible
Polynesian
Introduced
Indigenous
Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply
by Gregory A. Koob, PhD.
All rights reserved
Page 9
4/11/2004