ARQ Consulting Engineers
Dam Engineering
ARQ CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PTY) LTD
PO Box 76379
LYNNWOOD RIDGE
0040
ARQ Dams Profile
ARQ Consulting Engineers (PTY) Ltd
Dams Experience
MILESTONE INTERNATIONAL RCC PROJECT AWARD
ARQ’s Changuinola 1 Dam in Panama has been awarded
“Milestone International RCC Project”, an award that is
supported by ICOLD and recognises the dam as being one of the
15 to date to have contributed most significantly to the
development of RCC technology. As the first RCC arch dam
outside South Africa and China, the design of Changuinola 1
Dam was based on ARQ’s research that recognises the different
stress-relaxation creep behaviour of different RCC types.
DAMS EXPERIENCE
Changuinola 1 Dam
(Panama - 105 m arch, June 2011)
ARQ (PTY) Ltd has been active in dam engineering since the company was first established in 1993 and
this field now represents one of the firms’s primary areas of
activity. ARQ has been involved in over 80 projects involving
dams, hydropower and river engineering in 26 countries;
with 36 new dams completed, or currently under
construction (the highest being 273 m), 13 completed
projects involving major rehabilitation or raising, 24
projects at pre-feasibility and feasibility level (highest dam
of 281 m) and 14 dam safety / asset evaluation studies. ARQ
has contributed staff as specialists on international projects
involving design precedents and as members of expert
panels.
Ayvali Dam (Turkey - 178 m, March 2015)
Completed dam types include RCC, rubble masonry concrete, concrete, CFRD and earthfill.
Wadi Dayqah Dam (Oman – 75 m, June 2010)
Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) and arch dams
represent the key areas of specialisation for ARQ and the
majority of the company’s large dams activities are
focussed on RCC. In RCC dams, ARQ has provided
services including planning, design, thermal analysis,
structural and dynamic analysis, specification
preparation, construction advice and assistance,
construction method development, construction
supervision, mix design development and safety
inspections.
Under construction & completed RCC dams in which ARQ has had a primary involvement include:
Dam
Country
Koroglu
Kotanli
Ayvali
Changuinola 1
Turkey
Turkey
Turkey
Panama
Height
(m)
105
85
178
105
RCC Volume
(m3)
660 000
235 000
1 660 000
895 000
Dam
Wadi Dayqah
Çine
Bramhoek
Umti
Country
Oman
Turkey
RSA
Oman
Height
(m)
75
136.5
38
23
RCC Volume
(m3)
550 000
1 650 000
90 000
35 000
2
In addition, ARQ provided expertise on the External Review Panel for the De Hoop (85 m in height +
1.125 million m3 RCC) and Spring Grove dams (42 m & 90 000 m3 RCC) in South Africa and for the
Owner’s Engineer on Trung Son (84 m & 750 000 m3) in Vietnam.
The total quantity of RCC placed in which ARQ and its personnel has had a direct involvement exceeds
5 million m3. Furthermore, ARQ has experience in a range of RCC types dam and construction
technologies, from Hardfill to the current state of the art super-retarded, high workability RCC.
The Changuinola 1 Dam, completed in 2011 in Panama, was the first RCC arch/gravity dam outside China
and South Africa. On the Changuinola 1 230 MW hydropower project, ARQ was the EPC contractor’s
designer for the dam.
ARQ was also responsible for the preparation of the South African RCC specification and has been
acknowledged by the SA Department of Water Affairs as “.. the recognized experts in the field of Roller
Compacted Concrete (RCC) dams in the private sector in South Africa.
Seamless GERCC RCC Joint (Wadi Dayqah)
Çine Dam (Turkey – 136. 5 m, Feb 2012)
ARQ has significant implementation experience in various of the recent technological developments in
RCC construction. The company has also extensive experience in specialist areas of RCC design, such as
thermal analysis, earthquake design analysis and RCC mix design. The RCC at Wadi Dayqah Dam in Oman
very successfully used crushed limestone to augment the sand and improve particle mobility and milled
limestone as a paste replacement filler.
Trung Son, Vietnam September 2015
Kotanli, Turkey September 2015
2
Çine Dam RCC
3
Other significant RCC & CVC Dam Projects of interest are listed below:
Dam
Height
RCC/CVC Volume
Yusufeli, Turkey
(Double curvature CVC arch)
Ratle, India
Stieglers Gorge, Tanzania (Arch)
Nam Theun 1, Laos (Arch/gravity
Wolwedans (Arch/gravity)
Basha Diamer, Pakistan
Sounda, Rep. Congo (Arch)
Baynes, Nambia/Angola
(Arch/gravity)
Jana
Mielietuin (Arch)
(m)
(m3)
273
2,9 million (CVC)
130
1.1 million
133
1,25 million
180
2.4 million
70
220 000
281
10 million
220
2.8 million
100
660 000
132
700 000
186
2.9 million
On Yusufeli Dam, ARQ is the arch dam specialist and the
arch dam structural designers for the EPC contractor. The
project is currently under construction.
Status
Under construction
Under construction
Feasibility
EPC design
Completed 1990
Feasibility
Tender design
Feasibility
Feasibility
Feasibility
Specialist-level analyses completed for major RCC dams
include a full time-history dynamic seismic analysis for
Changuinola 1 Dam (101 m – pga = 0.4g) and thermal
studies for Çine Dam (136.5 m).
Yusufeli Dam
Hydraulic Model
Time History Dynamic Analyses
for Changuinola 1 Dam
Thermal Study for Çine RCC Dam
FE Analysis: Changuinola 1 RCC Arch/Gravity Dam
3
Çine Dam, Turkey
Thermal Study for
De-Hoop RCC Dam
4
ARQ has unique experience in RCC arch dam design and construction.
Changuinola 1 Dam
Köroğlu Dam
Kotanli Dam
Finite Element modelling for Stieglers
Gorge Dam
FE model & modelling for Nam Theun 1 Dam
FE modelling for Changuinola 1 Dam
4
5
Whilst RCC dams are ARQ’s particular specialization, the company has been involved in the design,
construction supervision and safety evaluation of a number of embankment dams, including several
earthfill and rockfill dams.
The following table list ARQ’s primary involvement in dam engineering:
Scheme/ Dam
Project
Value
Dam Height/
Type
Yusufeli Dam, Turkey
TL 900
million
Ratle Dam, India
US$ 1,4
billion
Kotanli Dam, Turkey
US$ 75
million
Wadi Umti, Oman
Koroglu HEPP
Neckartal Dam,
Namibia
Trung Son Dam &
HEPP, Vietnam
Changuinola 1 Dam,
Panama
Çine Dam, Turkey
Wadi Dayqah Dam,
Oman
Bramhoek Dam &
US$ 10.8
million
US$ 115
million
US$ 170
million
US$ 700
million
US$ 450
million
US$ 1.1
billion
US$ 110
million
ARQ Involvement
No. of
Staff
Months
273 m CVC
doublecurvature arch
Arch Dam specialists/designers for EPC
contractor in design and construction. Dam
design & major construction plant
specification.
32 to date
- ongoing
23 m Hardfill
Advisors and technical specialists to
contractor for tender and construction
133 m RCC
gravity
85 m RCC
Arch/Gravity
100 m
Arch/Gravity
RCC dam
80 m RCC
Gravity
84 m RCC
Gravity
105 m RCC
Arch
136.5 m RCC
Gravity
75 m RCC
Bedford Dam
R 850
million
38 m RCC &
DWAF Group 1 dams
rehabilitation
R 400
million
15 – 30 m
Earthfill – 9
dams
Stiegler’s Gorge Dam &
HEPP
Ayvali Dam, Turkey
De Hoop Dam
Berg River Dam
Nam Theun 1 Dam (&
HEPP), Laos
US$ 1.8
billion
US$ 250
million
R 2.5
billion
R 917,3
million
US$ 600
million
49 m CFRD
130 m RCC
Arch
180 m RCC
Arch
85 m RCC
Gravity
70 m CFRD
177 m RCC
Arch
Dam design team leaders for EPC contractor
in design & construction.
RCC dam design & RCC specialists for design
& construction.
RCC dam design & RCC specialists for design
& construction
RCC specialists
Owner’s Engineer RCC Specialist.
Dam designers.
RCC dam design, RCC specialists for design &
construction. Thermal analyses, etc
Dam structural design & RCC specialists for
design & construction.
80 to date
- ongoing
4
40
45
3 to date ongoing
2.5 to date
- ongoing
255
25
4
Team leaders for dam design as part of a
large project team for Ingula Pump Storage
Scheme. APP for supervision.
82
Chief engineers for design & construction
supervision of various dam betterments.
160
Engineering feasibility study & design.
20
Feasibility design, FE specialist analyses and
RCC specialists for design & construction.
14 to date
- ongoing
Member of external review panel for design
& construction.
6
Member of external review panel for design
& construction.
Basic & EPC design of RCC dam.
5
16
15
6
Scheme/ Dam
Project
Value
Dam Height
ARQ Involvement
Mukurumudzi Dam
US$ 21
million
23 m high
Earthfill dam
Kembe HEPP, C.A.R.
US$ 340
million
30 m RCC/
Design tasks: detailed design, drawings,
tender documentation including
specifications. Specialist Assistance on
construction supervision.
14
US$ 1.4
million
243 m RCC
Gravity
130 m RCC
Arch
RCC mix assistance
0.5
220 m RCC
Arch
Feasibility design.
8
Gibe III, Ethiopia
Sounda HEPP,
Republic of Congo
Epupa HEPP, Namibia
Basha Diamer,
Pakistan
Thukela Water Project
Midmar Dam Raising
Lucilia Poort Dam,
Zimbabwe
Karacasu Dam, Turkey
Mndwaka Dam
Arnaud Dam,
Mauritius
Port St Johns Dam
Biri Dam, Zimbabwe
Aloe Cove Dam
Bellair Dam
Hoggsback Dam
Welgevonden Dam
Star Dam
Keta Dam
Kamusu I Dam, Malawi
US$
2 billion
US$ 500
million
US$ 10
billion
R 1.5
billion
R 45
million
R8
million
US$ 120
million
R 52
million
US$ 10
million
R 22
million
US$ 30
million
R8
million
R 11
million
R 580 000
R 800 000
R 0.5
million
R 1.1
million
US$ 7.8
million
Earthfill
218 m RCC
Gravity
185 m RCC &
98 m RCC
32 m Conc/
Earthfill
42 m Masonry
Arch
75 m Gravel
Fill
32 m Masonry
16 m Earthfill
23 m Masonry
Arch
44 m Earthfill
23 m Masonry
21 m Masonry
12 m Masonry
17 m Masonry
11 m Masonry
10 m Earthfill
26 m Earthfill
Feasibility design.
Pre-feasibility design.
Structural specialists for feasibility
design.
No. of Staff
Months
24
16
4
Team leaders for dams & preliminary
design for feasibility study.
60
External reviewer for dam design &
construction supervision.
2
Conceptual, detailed design & supervision
assistance for 3.5m raising.
Feasibility design of dam embankment.
30
3
Detailed design & supervision assistance
24
Detailed design & supervision assistance
10
Design & construction supervision.
15
Dam design.
3
Detailed design & supervision assistance
Tender design & documentation for
earthfill dam.
Design, specifications & supervision
assistance.
Dam design & supervision assistance.
Dam design & supervision assistance.
Dam design & construction supervision.
Design & supervision assistance.
6
8
8
3
3
2
4
8
7
Scheme/ Dam
Project
Value
Dam Height
ARQ Involvement
Eikenhof Dam raising
R2
million
47 m Earthfill
Design & construction supervision
assistance.
7
Bakubung Dam
R 0.7
million
14.5 m
Masonry
Dam design & construction supervision.
6
Genadendal Dam
Mount Fletcher
Manantali Dam, Mali
Maqalika Dam
Wolwedans Dam
Sterkspruit Dam
R 0.6
million
R8
million
US$ 250
million
N/A
N/A
R6
million
9 m Earthfill
12 m
Masonry
66 m Rockfill
26 m Earthfill
70 m RCC
Arch
27 m
Concrete
Dam design & construction supervision.
Dam design.
Safety and asset valuation of dam &
hydropower scheme.
3
1
2
Safety evaluation for World Bank.
1.5
Assistance as APP for construction
supervision phase.
1
Assistance with Safety Inspection/
evaluation.
Yusufeli Dam Finite Element Model
Yusufeli Dam Valley, Turkey
Umti Dam, Oman
No. of
Staff
Months
7
2
8
Molepo Dam: September 2010
Bospoort Dam: October 2009
Bospoort Dam: January 2010
Wadi Dayqah Dam: June 2009
Bramhoek Dam: May 2010 & March 2011
8
9
Bedford Dam: May 2010
Berg River Dam: October 2007
Çine Dam: June 2011
Bramhoek Dam: July 2011
9