Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Name:
Class:
S2 Physics
Forces
Pupil Booklet
 Learning Outcomes
 Homework Exercises
 Unit Summary
SCN 3-07a
By contributing to investigations of energy loss due to friction, I can suggest ways of improving
the efficiency of moving systems.
SCN 3-08a
I have collaborated in investigations into the effects of gravity on objects and I can predict
what might happen to their weight in different situations on Earth and in space.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
How Confident am I with the Learning Outcomes?
 Circle the faces to keep a record of your progress.
 I am confident that I understand this and I can apply this to
problems
 I have some understanding but I need to revise this some more
 I don’t know this or I need help because I don’t understand it
 You can use this to help you pick the areas of the unit that need
the most revision.
 As you revise your class work you will be able to circle more and
more smiley faces.
 If that does not help then you should ask your teacher!
Learning Outcomes
1.
2.
3.
4.
State that a force can:
a. Change the speed of an object.
b. Change the direction of an
object.
c. Change the shape of an object.
Describe an example of:
a. An object’s speed being changed
by a force.
b. An object’s direction being
changed by a force.
c. An object’s shape being changed
by a force.
State that pushing, pulling, twisting
and tearing are contact forces.
Identify which contact forces are
present in different situations.
Can you do
this?
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Comments
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
5.
State that force is measured in
Newtons (N).
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6.
State that force can be measured
using a Newton Balance (force meter).
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7.
Use a Newton Balance to measure
force.
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8.
State that there are 1000 grams (g) in
1 kilogram (kg).
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9.
State that mass is the amount of ‘stuff’
in an object, measured in kilograms
(kg).
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10. State that weight is the pull of gravity
on an object, measured in Newtons
(N).
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11. Use the formula, weight = 10 x mass,
to convert mass to weight.
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12. Draw a line graph of force (y-axis)
against mass (x-axis).
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13. State that weight is a force measured
in Newtons (N).
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
14. State that three non-contact forces
are:
a. The force of gravity (gravitational
pull of the Earth).
b. Magnetic force.
c. Electrostatic force.
15. Carry out experiments using noncontact forces.
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16. State that charged polythene rods
repel one another.
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17. Identify which non-contact forces are
present in different situations.
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18. Explain how an electromagnet works.
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19. Be able to assemble an
electromagnet.
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20. Give examples of gadgets which use
electromagnets.
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21. State that an electromagnet can be
made stronger by:
a. Increasing the number of turns
on the coil.
b. Increasing the number of
batteries.
22. State that the force of friction is a
contact force which slows down an
object’s movement.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
23. State that the force of friction is caused
by two surfaces rubbing together.
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24. State that the force of friction acts in
the opposite direction to the object’s
motion.
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25. State that heat (and sound) is
produced by the force of friction.
26. Carry out an investigation to find out
how the force of friction is affected by
the type of surface.
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27. Interpret information relating to friction
presented on a bar graph.
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28. Describe how the force of friction can
be reduced.
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29. Describe how the force of friction can
be useful.
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30. Draw a line graph of overall stopping
distance (y-axis) against speed of car
(x-axis).
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31. State that balanced forces are equal in
size but opposite in direction.
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32. State that when there are balanced
forces acting on an object it will remain
stationary or continue to move at
constant (steady) speed.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
33. State that when the forces acting on
an object are not balanced there is an
unbalanced force.
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34. State that unbalanced forces cause an
object to accelerate (speed up) or
decelerate (slow down).
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35. Use your knowledge of balanced and
unbalanced forces to determine
the...(PTO) …motion of an object.
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36. Use your knowledge of balanced and
unbalanced forces to calculate the
unbalanced (overall, total) force.
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37. Give examples of balanced and
unbalanced forces.
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38. Identify balanced and unbalanced
forces.
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39. State that the lever is a machine that
allows us to increase the size of a
force.
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40. Give examples of levers in everyday
life.
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41. Carry out an experiment, using a
balance (see-saw), to establish the law
of the lever.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
42. Know that the law of the lever states:
The force (FL) x distance (dL) on the left
side of the see-saw
=
The force (FR) x distance (dR) on the right
side of the see-saw.
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43. Carry out calculations using the law of
the lever.
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44. State that forces can damage objects.
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45. Identify important properties of a
material.
46. Chose a material for a job based on its
properties.
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47. Identify the forces a material needs to
withstand in use.
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48. Carry out an investigation into the
strength of sticky tape.
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49. Use ICT to research and report on
artificial joints.
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50. View and extract information from prerecorded programmes related to force
and friction, and forces related to
sport.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Forces Homework 1 – Contact Forces and the Force meter
1. A force can change the speed of an object. What other two
things can a force change about an object?
2. Name the four contact forces you have learned about.
3. Write down the main contact force used in the following
situations:
(a)
Winding up a watch.
(b)
Going through a revolving door.
(c)
Closing the curtains.
(d)
Ripping open a chocolate bar.
4. What device is used to measure force?
5. The unit for length is metres (m), what is the unit for Force?
6. The weight of a 3kg mass on Earth can be calculated like
this:
Weight = 10 x mass
= 10 x 3
= 30N
Calculate the weight of the following objects making sure that
you show all working:
(a)
5kg mass.
(b)
8kg mass.
7. Copy the following statement and complete the blanks:
________ is the amount of ‘matter’ in an object measured in
__________ . ________ is the pull of gravity on an object
and is measured in _________ .
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Put your answers to Homework Exercise 1 here.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Forces Homework 2 – Non-contact Forces and Friction
1. Name the three non-contact forces you have learned about.
2. Identify which non-contact force is present in the following
pictures.
(a)
(b)
(c)
3. What type of magnet is shown in the following picture?
4. What are two ways of making this magnet stronger?
5. Which force slows down an object’s movement and is caused
by two surfaces rubbing together?
6. What is the main type of energy produced by friction?
7. Friction can be reduced by putting air in between the two
surfaces e.g. like a puck on an air hockey table. What is
another way friction could be reduced?
8. Friction can be useful when trying to open a jar of jam. Give
another example when friction is useful.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Put your answers to Homework Exercise 2 here.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Forces Homework 3 – Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
1. What is the name given to forces that are equal in size but
opposite in direction?
2. What is the name given to forces that are not balanced?
3. Read the following statements and identify whether the
forces are balanced or unbalanced:
(i)
A car accelerating (speeding up).
(ii) A car travelling at constant speed.
(iii) A car decelerating (slowing down).
(iv) A car stationary.
4. Look at the following diagrams.
(a)
(b)
20N
20N
20N
(c)
20N
(i)
10N
(d)
20N
40N
40N
Identify whether the forces are balanced or
unbalanced.
(ii) Calculate the unbalanced (total, overall) force.
(iii) If the vehicles were stationary when the forces are
applied, state whether the vehicle will move left, right
or remain stationary.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Put your answers to Homework Exercise 3 here.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Forces Homework 4 – Levers
1. What is the name of the device which allows us to increase
the size of a force?
2. What are the levers called in the following diagrams?
(a)
(b)
(c)
The law of the lever states that:
The force (FL) x distance (dL) on the left side of the see-saw
=
The force (FR) x distance (dR) on the right side of the see-saw
3. Calculate the force on the right side (FR) to make the seesaw balance; an example is done for you below. Show your
working in the same way:
FL x dL = FR x dR
5 x 6 = FR x 3
30 = FR x 3
5N
FR
FR = 30 / 3
FR = 10 N
6cm
3cm
(a)
7N
4cm
3
0
(b)
FR
2cm
6N
4cm
=
FR
3cm
F
L
x
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3
Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Put your answers to Homework Exercise 4 here.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Forces Summary
1.
A force can:
- Change the __________ of an object.
- Change the __________ of an object.
- Change the __________ of an object.
2.
An example of an object’s speed being changed by a force
is:
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
3. An example of an object’s direction being changed by a
force is:
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
4. An example of an object’s shape being changed by a force
is:
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
Contact Forces
5. Four contact forces are:
- __________.
- __________.
- __________.
- __________.
6.
7.
A __________force would be needed to open a bottle of
juice.
A __________force would be needed to drag a sledge.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
8.
9.
A __________force would be needed to change the
channel on the TV.
A __________force would be needed to unwrap a present.
Measuring Force
10. A
__________
__________
or
__________
__________ can be used to measure force.
11. The unit for force is the __________ ( __ ).
Mass and Weight
Mass and weight are different quantities.
12. __________ can be described as the amount of ‘stuff’ in
an object.
13. The unit for mass is the __________ ( __ ).
14. __________ is the pull of gravity on an object.
15. The unit for weight is the __________ ( __ ).
16. Weight is a __________.
17. To convert mass to weight, use the formula:
Weight = mass x
On Earth g =
newtons per kilogram
Non-contact Forces
18. Three non-contact forces are:
- __________.
- __________.
- __________.
19. The force of __________ causes objects to accelerate
towards the centre of the Earth.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
20. An __________ force will cause charged polythene rods to
__________ one another.
21. Only materials which contain __________ will be
attracted by a magnet because of the __________ force.
Steel is a material which contains iron.
The Electromagnet
22. An electromagnet is made from:
- __________.
- __________.
- an __________ __________.
23. Electromagnets can be made stronger by:
- __________ the number of turns.
- __________ the number of batteries.
The Force of Friction
24. Friction is a __________. It __________ down an
object’s movement.
25. Friction is caused by two __________ rubbing together.
26. Fiction acts in the __________ direction to the object’s
motion.
27. The main type of energy produced by friction is
__________.
28. Friction can be reduced by putting __________,
__________or __________between the two surfaces.
29. Friction can be useful when:
________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
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Duncanrig Secondary
Physics Department
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
30. When forces on an object are __________ they are equal
in size but opposite in direction.
31. When forces are not balanced they are described as
__________.
32. Balanced forces cause an object to remain __________ or
travel at __________ speed.
33. When forces on an object are __________ the object
accelerates or decelerates.
The Lever
34. The lever is a device which allows us to __________ the
size of a force. Examples of levers are:
- __________.
- __________.
- __________.
35. The law of the lever states that:
The force (FL) x distance (dL) on the left side of the see-saw
=
The force (FR) x distance (dR) on the right side of the see-saw.
Properties of Materials
Different materials are chosen for a job because of their
properties:
36. Two properties of steel are:
- __________.
- __________.
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