Vertebrates
Mr. Skirbst
Phylum Chordata
Phylum Chordata
- Includes all vertebrates
Phylum Chordata
- Includes all vertebrates
- Vertebrate – animal that has a
backbone (vertebral column)
4 Characteristics of Chordates
(at some point in their development)
4 Characteristics of Chordates
1- Nerve cord – hollow dorsal tube
4 Characteristics of Chordates
1- Nerve cord – hollow dorsal tube
2- Notochord – flexible support rod
(vertebral column)
4 Characteristics of Chordates
1- Nerve cord – hollow dorsal tube
2- Notochord – flexible support rod
(vertebral column)
3- Pharyngeal slits (like gills)
4 Characteristics of Chordates
1- Nerve cord – hollow dorsal tube
2- Notochord – flexible support rod
(vertebral column)
3- Pharyngeal slits (like gills)
4- Tail bones – post anal
5 Groups of Chordates
3 Groups of Ectotherms
Ecto therms
“outside” “temperature”
AKA: “coldblooded”
body temp. = outside temp.
3 Groups of Ectotherms
• Fish
• Amphibians
• Reptiles
2 Groups of Endotherms
Endo therms
“inside” “temperature”
AKA: “warmblooded”
body temp. regulated internally
2 Groups of Endotherms
• Birds
• Mammals
Fish
Water-dwelling vertebrates have:
1- scales
2- fins
3- gills
3 main groups of fish
1- Jawless – primitive, lack jaws
(ex. Lamprey + hagfish)
3 main groups of fish
2- Cartilaginous – no “bones”
Skeletons made of cartilage
(ex. Sharks & rays)
3 main groups of fish
2- Cartilaginous – no “bones”
Skeletons made of cartilage
(ex. Sharks & rays)
Sharks reproduce internally
and must move gill slits to
breathe
3 main groups of fish
3- Bony – skeletons of bone
(ex. Trout & perch)
* also have swim bladders
3 main groups of fish
3- Bony – skeletons of bone
(ex. Trout & perch)
* also have swim bladders
Swim Bladder
Controls depth of fish using gasses
Amphibians
Amphi bian
“both” “lives”
Lives a “double life”
Amphibian Characteristics
-
Aquatic and use gills when young
Live on land and use lungs as adults
Undergo metamorphosis
Skin has many glands
Bodies lack scales or claws
3 Types of Amphibians
1. Frogs and toads
2. Salamanders and newts
3. Legless
Reptiles
Reptile Characteristics
- Have lungs
- Scaly skin
- Special type of egg
4 Major Groups of Reptiles
1. Snakes
2. Lizards
3. Turtles
and Tortoises
4. Alligators
and Crocodiles
Birds
Bird Characteristics
-
Endothermic (“warm-blooded”)
Egg-laying
Have feathers
Specialized bones
Bird Bones
- Lightweight for flight
- Hollow
Bird Feathers
Contour feathers – shaped for flight
Down feathers – used for insulation
Types of Birds
- Almost 9,000 species
- About 30 groups
- Hummingbirds to ostriches