Introduction Week 19 Greek and Latin Roots u New Content The Latin roots ject, rect, press, and cent are the roots of many English words, for example, object, correct, pressure, and century. The Greek roots meter and sphere are the roots of many English words, for example, centimeter and atmosphere. u Teacher Background Make a copy of the Week 19 homework (Blackline Masters page 26) for each student. A root is a part of a word that can be traced back to earlier forms of English and the languages from which English is derived. Knowledge of word roots is useful in English spelling. For example, knowing the spelling and meaning of ject helps us spell project, subject, inject, and several other words. In the Guided Spelling program, English spellings of the Latin and Greek roots are used. The students may notice that the sound of some roots varies from word to word, as in express and pressure. A root may be contained in one syllable, as in percentage, or be parts of more than one syllable, as in cen-ti-me-ter. Although one Greek or Latin root is the source of many English words, the root often has several shades of meaning in modern words. The meaning of the root ject—throw—is obvious in the word eject, but the link of ject to the meaning of object, project, and subject is complicated. Your students might be interested in investigating the etymologies of English words. “Resources for Students” on page 536 lists books for young people about how the meanings and spellings of words have changed over the centuries. 334 GUIDED SPELLING™ When you and the students pronounce words by syllables, there should be a pause between syllables to indicate the syllable boundary clearly. For example, say “fos…sil,” not “fossssil.” You may wish to occasionally consult the appendices for reminders of the guiding procedures: checking procedure, page 530; memory steps, page 531; offering help, page 533; and the index to full guiding, page 548. In the pre-spelling activities, which begin on Day 2 this week, the students will practice spelling prefixes that they will write in Week 20. Day 1 u Words Used This Week new words review words *object (2), *project, *subject, *correct, *direct, *press, *pressure, *express, centimeter, atmosphere, fossil, representative, disposable, frequently, quantity *constant, *impatient, *apparently, *intelligent, *evidence, structure, process, quality, affordable, ancient challenge words isolated, rejection, absolutely, dissolve, compression application words on the test evident, intelligence, correction, impatiently, subjects, fossils, centimeters, frequent, representatives reject, compressed, sphere, directing, centimeters, director, evidently, corrected, presses, representatives, meter, disturbance, forty-two additional words in daily guided spelling frequently misspelled words forty, two GRADE 6 / Week 19 / introduction 335 Day 1 Week 19 u Introduce This Week’s Words your students open their Student Spelling Books to page 104 and follow along as you read the words and sentences. Have them mark the syllable boundaries in the polysyllabic words as you read each one by syllables. u Have 1. object, object. . . . . . Number 1: object, object. My little glass unicorn is a fragile object, and I object to anyone else touching it. This word can be pronounced two ways. First object. My little glass unicorn is a fragile object. The second pronunciation is object. I object to anyone touching it. The syllable boundary is after b for both pronunciations. WORD ROOT Numbers meaning throw. 1, 2, and 3 include the Latin root ject, 2. project. . . . . . . . . . Number 2: project. The science project is due on Friday. Proj-ect. 3. subject . . . . . . . . . . Number 3: subject. My favorite subject in school is math. Sub-ject. 4. correct. . . . . . . . . . Number 4: correct. After the students went home, the teacher sat down to correct their homework. Cor-rect. n Underline o-r. WORD ROOT Numbers 4 and 5 include the Latin root rect, meaning straight or right. 5. direct. . . . . . . . . . . Number 5: direct. The drama teacher will direct a musical in the fall. Di-rect. 6. press. . . . . . . . . . . . Number 6: press. At the museum, we saw an old printing press and copies of newspapers from the 19th century. WORD ROOT Numbers meaning force. 336 GUIDED SPELLING™ 6, 7, and 8 include the Latin root press, 7. pressure . . . . . . . . . Number 7: pressure. He checked the air pressure in the tires. Pres-sure. n Underline s-u-r-e. MNEMONIC Here is a mnemonic. A few polysyllabic words have a last syllable that sounds the same and is spelled the same as the word sure: pressure, insure, and assure. 8. express. . . . . . . . . . Number 8: express. An express train does not stop at every station. Ex-press. 9. centimeter . . . . . . . . Number 9: centimeter. The students measured objects in the classroom using a centimeter ruler. Cen-ti-me-ter. n Underline c. Underline i. Underline e-r. WORD ROOTS The Latin word cent, meaning hundred, is the root for several English words, including centimeter, century, and percent. The Greek root meter, meaning measure, is the root for many English words, including millimeter, diameter, and kilometer. 10. atmosphere . . . . . . Number 10: atmosphere. The atmosphere is the air surrounding the Earth. At-mo-sphere. n Underline o. Underline p-h. WORD ROOT English has several words that grew from the Greek and Latin root sphere, meaning ball or globe, including sphere, spherical, and hemisphere. 11. fossil . . . . . . . . . . . Number 11: fossil. The teacher passed around a fossil of a fish for us to look at. Fos-sil. n Underline i. 12. representative . . . . . Number 12: representative. Each citizen can vote to elect a local representative to the U.S. Congress. Rep-re-sen-ta-tive. n In the second syllable, underline e. n Underline s. Underline a. Underline i-v-e. 13. disposable . . . . . . . Number 13: disposable. The scientists wore disposable gloves during their experiment. Dis-pos-a-ble. n Underline s. n The base word is dispose. The e was dropped before the suffix -able. Underline a-b-l-e. 14. frequently. . . . . . . . Number 14: frequently. My brother checks his phone messages frequently. Fre-quent-ly. n Underline e-n-t. -Ly is a suffix. GRADE 6 / Week 19 / Day 1 337 15. quantity. . . . . . . . . Number 15: quantity. The farmer picked a large quantity of apples to sell at the market. Quan-ti-ty. n Underline a. Numbers 16–25 are review words. u Optional: Have the class read the review words with you: 16. *constant 21. structure 17. *impatient 22. process 18. *apparently 23. quality 19. *intelligent 24. affordable 20. *evidence 25. ancient u Guided Spelling u Have 1. object, object. your students turn to page 106. . . . . . Number 1: object, object. My little glass unicorn is a fragile object, and I object to anyone else touching it. Say object. n Say object. WORD ROOT These two words are spelled the same way. They both include the Latin root ject, spelled j-e-c-t. Write the word. (Check.) 2. project. . . . . . . . . . Number 2: project. The science project is due on Friday. Say project. WORD ROOT Project includes the Latin root ject. Write project. (Check.) 3. correct. . . . . . . . . . Number 3: correct. After the students went home, the teacher sat down to correct their homework. Say correct. Say correct by syllables. n For spelling say cor-rect. WORD ROOT Correct includes the Latin root rect, spelled r-e-c-t. Write correct. (Check.) 4. press. . . . . . . . . . . . Number 4: press. At the museum, we saw an old printing press and copies of newspapers from the 19th century. Say press. WORD ROOT Press spelled p-r-e-s-s. comes from the Latin root press, Write press. (Check.) 338 GUIDED SPELLING™ Now you’ll write four words independently. If you’re not sure how to spell part of the word, raise your hand to ask me. I will write the answer. 5. subject . . . . . . . . . . Number 5: subject. My favorite subject in school is math. Say subject. Write subject. (Check.) 6. express. . . . . . . . . . Number 6: express. An express train does not stop at every station. Say express. Write express. (Check.) 7. direct . . . . . . . . . . . Number 7: direct. The drama teacher will direct a musical in the fall. Say direct. I’ll say the syllables for spelling: di-rect. Write direct. (Check.) 8. pressure . . . . . . . . . Number 8: pressure. He checked the air pressure in the tires. Say pressure. I’ll say the syllables for spelling: pres-sure. MNEMONIC Here is the mnemonic. A few polysyllabic words have a last syllable that sounds the same and is spelled the same as the word sure: pressure, insure, and assure. Write pressure. (Check.) u Introduce the Homework Hand out the Week 19 homework. u Record Words Missed Return the students’ spelling tests from Week 18. Have them turn to pages 100 and 101 and find any words they missed on the test. Have them write S on the line next to the number of each word they missed. The S is to remind them to study the word. The first two application words, numbers 1 and 2 on the test, are not on these pages. If the students missed any of the other application words, have them mark the form of the word that appears in their book. GRADE 6 / Week 19 / Day 1 339 Day 2 Week 19 u Teacher Background In the pre-spelling activities this week, the students will practice spelling prefixes that they will write in Week 20. u Pre-spelling: Prefixes The prefix in-, spelled i-n, often means not, as in indivisible. indivisible . . . . . . . . . . Indivisible. Something that can’t be divided is indivisible. Indivisible. Say and spell the prefix. (Students: in-, i-n) inexpensive. . . . . . . . . Inexpensive. An inexpensive item does not cost much money. Inexpensive. Say and spell the prefix. (Students: in-, i-n) infrequently . . . . . . . . . Infrequently. occur often. If an event occurs infrequently, it does not Infrequently. Say and spell the prefix. (Students: in-, i-n) inland. . . . . . . . . . . . . Inland. An inland city is not at the coast. The prefix in- can also mean in. Inland. Say and spell the prefix. (Students: in-, i-n) intake . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intake. Your daily intake of fruit is the fruit you eat each day. Intake. Say and spell the prefix. (Students: in-, i-n) inboard . . . . . . . . . . . . Inboard. An inboard motor is a motor on board the boat, not attached outside the boat. Inboard. Say and spell the prefix. (Students: in-, i-n) u Guided Spelling u Have 1. centimeter . . your students turn to page 107. . . . . . . Number 1: centimeter. The students measured objects in the classroom using a centimeter ruler. Say centimeter. WORD ROOT Centimeter spelled c-e-n-t. 340 GUIDED SPELLING™ includes the Latin root cent, WORD ROOT Centimeter spelled m-e-t-e-r. also includes the Latin root meter, Between cent and meter, there is a schwa that is spelled i. Write centimeter. (Check.) 2. atmosphere. . . . . . . Number 2: atmosphere. The atmosphere is the air surrounding the Earth. Say atmosphere. Say atmosphere by syllables. n The second syllable has a schwa. For spelling say at-mo-sphere. n First syllable? n Write at-. Second syllable? n (Offer help.) Write -mo-. Third syllable? WORD ROOT This syllable comes from the Greek root sphere, spelled s-p-h-e-r-e. Finish writing atmosphere. (Check.) 3. fossil. . . . . . . . . . . . Number 3: fossil. The teacher passed around a fossil of a fish for us to look at. Say fossil. Say fossil by syllables. n The second syllable has a schwa. For spelling say fos-sil. n First syllable? n Write fos-. Last syllable? n Ask me how to spell the last syllable. n It’s s-i-l. Finish writing fossil. (Check.) 4. reject. . . . . . . . . . . Number 4: reject. I wanted to make another suggestion for a movie, but I was afraid my sister would reject it. Say reject. WORD ROOT Reject includes the Latin root ject. Write reject. (Check.) 5. quantity . . . . . . . . . . Number 5: quantity. The farmer picked a large quantity of apples to sell at the market. Say quantity. Say quantity by syllables. n For spelling say quan-ti-ty. n First syllable? n Careful. It’s spelled q-u-a-n. Write quan-. Second syllable? n Write -ti-. Third syllable? n Finish writing quantity. (Check.) 6. compressed. . . . . . . Number 6: compressed. Tires contain compressed air. Say compressed. Base word? n Say compress by syllables. n The first syllable has a schwa. For spelling say com-press. n First syllable? n (Offer help.) Write com-. Second syllable? WORD ROOT This syllable comes from the Latin root press. Finish writing compressed. (Check.) GRADE 6 / Week 19 / Day 2 341 Now you’ll write four words independently. 7. representative . . . . . Number 7: representative. Each citizen can vote to elect a local representative to the U.S. Congress. Say representative. I’ll say the syllables for spelling: rep-re-sen-ta-tive. Write representative. (Check.) 8. frequently . . . . . . . . Number 8: frequently. My brother checks his phone messages frequently. Say frequently. I’ll say the syllables for spelling: fre-quent-ly. Write frequently. (Check.) 9. sphere . . . . . . . . . . . Number 9: sphere. A ball and the Earth are both examples of a sphere. Say sphere. Write sphere. (Check.) 10. disposable . . . . . . . Number 10: disposable. The scientists wore disposable gloves during their experiment. Say disposable. I’ll say the syllables for spelling: dis-pos-a-ble. Write disposable. (Check.) PARTNER STUDY Turn dropped e. MEMORY STEPS Do 342 GUIDED SPELLING™ to your neighbor. Explain why you the memory steps for disposable. Week 19 Day 3 u Pre-spelling: Prefixes The prefix il-, spelled i-l, usually means not. It is a prefix for words that begin with l, as in illegal. illegal. . . . . . . . . . . . . Illegal. An illegal act is not legal; it is against the law. Prefix? (Students: il-) Spell the prefix. (Students: i-l) Base word? (Students: legal) illegible. . . . . . . . . . . . Illegible. Handwriting that is illegible cannot be read, perhaps because it is messy. Prefix? (Students: il-) Spell the prefix. (Students: i-l) Base word? (Students: legible) illiterate. . . . . . . . . . . Illiterate. People who are illiterate have not been taught to read. Prefix? (Students: il-) Spell the prefix. (Students: i-l) Base word? (Students: literate) illogical. . . . . . . . . . . . Illogical. If I give reasons that don’t make sense, I am being illogical. Prefix? (Students: il-) Spell the prefix. (Students: i-l) Base word? (Students: logical) irregular. . . . . . . . . . . Irregular. Clothing made with mistakes is sometimes called irregular. The prefix ir-, spelled i-r, usually means not. It is a prefix for words that begin with r, such as irregular. Irregular. Prefix? (Students: ir-) Spell the prefix. (Students: i-r) Base word? (Students: regular) irrelevant . . . . . . . . . . Irrelevant. An irrelevant fact does not relate to the topic; it is not relevant. Prefix? (Students: ir-) Spell the prefix. (Students: i-r) Base word? (Students: relevant) irreplaceable. . . . . . . . Irreplaceable. If something you own is irreplaceable, it cannot be replaced; you can’t get another one. First prefix? (Students: ir-) Spell -ir. (Students: i-r) Next prefix? (Students: re-) Base word? n Suffix? GRADE 6 / Week 19 / Day 3 343 u Guided Spelling u Have 1. quantity . . your students turn to page 108. . . . . . . . . Number 1: quantity. The secretary recorded the quantity of paper, pencils, and other supplies needed. Say quantity. Say quantity by syllables. n For spelling say quan-ti-ty. n First syllable? n Careful. It’s spelled q-u-a-n. Write quan-. Second syllable? n Write -ti-. Third syllable? n Finish writing quantity. (Check.) 2. pressure . . . . . . . . . Number 2: pressure. Applying pressure to a cut can help stop the bleeding. Say pressure. Say pressure by syllables. n For spelling say pres-sure. n First syllable? n Write pres-. Second syllable? MNEMONIC Here is the mnemonic. A few polysyllabic words have a last syllable that sounds the same and is spelled the same as the word sure: pressure, insure, and assure. Finish writing pressure. (Check.) 3. disposable. . . . . . . . Number 3: disposable. She threw the disposable cup in the garbage can. Say disposable. Base word? n Say dispose by syllables. n For spelling say dis-pose. n First syllable? n Write dis-. Second syllable? n Careful. The sound /z/ in -pose is spelled s. Finish writing dispose. Disposable. Suffix? n Ask me, “a-b-l-e or i-b-l-e?” n It’s a-b-l-e, but don’t write yet. What do you have to decide? (Students: Do we drop e?) Does dispose end with a consonant and then e? (Students: yes) Does the suffix begin with a vowel? (Students: yes) Will you drop e? (Students: yes) Finish writing disposable. (Check.) 4. directing . . . . . . . . . Number 4: directing. An officer was directing traffic at the intersection because the traffic light was malfunctioning. Say directing. Base word? n Say direct by syllables. n For spelling say di-rect. n First syllable? n Write di-. WORD ROOT Direct includes the Latin root rect. Finish writing directing. (Check.) 344 GUIDED SPELLING™ 5. centimeters. . . . . . . Number 5: centimeters. The pencil is fourteen centimeters long. Say centimeters. Base word? WORD ROOT Centimeter includes the Latin root cent. WORD ROOT Centimeter also includes the Latin root meter. Between cent and meter, there is a schwa that is spelled i. Write centimeters. (Check.) 6. subject . . . . . . . . . . Number 6: subject. The subject of the sentence “The girl played” is “girl.” Say subject. WORD ROOT Subject includes the Latin root ject. Write subject. (Check.) Now you’ll write four words independently. 7. director . . . . . . . . . . Number 7: director. The director chose a play with parts for everyone. Say director. I’ll say the syllables for spelling: di-rec-tor. Write director. (Check.) 8. object. . . . . . . . . . . Number 8: object. Please don’t object until you have heard the whole idea. Say object. Write object. (Check.) 9. evidently. . . . . . . . . Number 9: evidently. She evidently had the time wrong, as no one was there when she arrived. Say evidently. THINK Let’s think of the word evidence. Write evidently. (Check.) 10. fossil. . . . . . . . . . . Number 10: fossil. Figuring out the age of a fossil is a complicated process. Say fossil. I’ll say the syllables for spelling: fos-sil. Write fossil. (Check.) PARTNER STUDY Turn to your neighbor. Take turns telling each other one part of fossil that may be hard to remember. MEMORY STEPS Do the memory steps for fossil. GRADE 6 / Week 19 / Day 3 345 Day 4 Week 19 u Pre-spelling: Prefixes The prefix im-, spelled i-m, usually means not. It is a prefix for words that begin with b, m, and p, as in imbalance, immature, and improbable. improbable. . . . . . . . . Improbable. When rain is improbable, it probably will not rain. Prefix? (Students: im-) Spell the prefix. (Students: i-m) Base word? (Students: probable) immature . . . . . . . . . . Immature. Immature children are acting younger than their age; they are not mature. Prefix? (Students: im-) Spell the prefix. (Students: i-m) Base word? (Students: mature) impolite . . . . . . . . . . . Impolite. Impolite behavior is rude; it is not polite. Prefix? (Students: im-) Spell the prefix. (Students: i-m) Base word? (Students: polite) immeasurable . . . . . . . Immeasurable. An immeasurable distance cannot be measured, for example, the distance across the universe. Prefix? (Students: im-) Spell the prefix. (Students: i-m) Base word? (Students: measure) Suffix? (Students: -able) u Guided Spelling u Have your students turn to page 109. 1. disturbance . . . . . . . Number 1: disturbance. The malfunctioning fire alarm was a disturbance. Say disturbance. Base word? n Say disturb by syllables. n For spelling say dis-turb. n First syllable? n Write dis-. Second syllable? n Question? n Use the third spelling under the “robot” picture. Write -turb. Disturbance. Suffix? n Ask me, “a-n-c-e or e-n-c-e?” n It’s a-n-c-e. Disturb ends with two consonants, so you will not double. Finish writing disturbance. (Check.) 346 GUIDED SPELLING™ 2. frequently. . . . . . . . Number 2: frequently. The boy had to stop frequently to tie his shoe. Say frequently. Base word? n Say frequent by syllables. n For spelling say fre-quent. n First syllable? n Write fre-. Second syllable? n Ask me, “a-n-t or e-n-t?” n It’s e-n-t. Finish writing frequently. (Check.) 3. presses. . . . . . . . . . Number 3: presses. My little sister presses down hard when she writes with a pencil. Say presses. Base word? WORD ROOT Press comes from the Latin root press. Write presses. (Check.) 4. representatives . . . . . Number 4: representatives. The representatives were elected for a two-year term. Say representatives. The base word is representative. Say representative by syllables. n The fourth syllable has a schwa. For spelling say rep-re-sen-ta-tive. n First syllable? n Write rep-. Second syllable? n (Offer help.) Write -re-. Third syllable? n Careful. It begins with s. Write -sen-. Next syllable? n (Offer help.) Write -ta-. Last syllable? n Finish writing representatives. (Check.) 5. corrected . . . . . . . . Number 5: corrected. The students corrected their math homework in groups. Say corrected. Base word? n Say correct by syllables. n For spelling say cor-rect. WORD ROOT Correct includes the Latin root rect. Write corrected. (Check.) 6. express. . . . . . . . . . Number 6: express. At our school, students are encouraged to express their opinions. Say express. WORD ROOT Express includes the Latin root press. Write express. (Check.) Now you’ll write four words independently. 7. forty-two . . . . . . . . . Number 7: forty-two. My mother is forty-two years old. Say forty-two. FREQUENTLY MISSPELLED WORDS Forty misspelled words. and two are frequently GRADE 6 / Week 19 / Day 4 347 Numbers like sixty-seven, eighty-one, and twenty-six have a hyphen. Forty-two. First you’ll write forty. Remember, the first syllable of forty is not the same as the numbers four and fourteen. Write forty. Write a hyphen. Add two. (Check.) 8. meter. . . . . . . . . . . Number 8: meter. They dug a hole that was one meter deep. Say meter. WORD ROOT Our word meter came from the Greek root meter. Write meter. (Check.) 9. project . . . . . . . . . . Number 9: project. The students worked together to finish the project. Say project. WORD ROOT Project includes the Latin root ject. Write project. (Check.) 10. atmosphere . . . . . . Number 10: atmosphere. The spaceship created a fiery streak as it passed through the atmosphere. Say atmosphere. I’ll say the syllables for spelling: at-mo-sphere. WORD ROOT Atmosphere includes the Greek root sphere. Write atmosphere. (Check.) PARTNER STUDY Turn to your neighbor. Each partner point to one word you’ve written in this lesson that includes a root. Spell the root. MEMORY STEPS Do the memory steps for atmosphere. u Student Study Have the students turn to pages 94 and 95. If they missed a word on the test in Week 17, they have put an S by it. Have them study the words that have S by them. If they did not miss any words on the test, have them study words that may be hard for them. This is a brief activity of 1 or 2 minutes. If you are differentiating instruction, remind each below-gradelevel speller to study just the starred words. The challenge words are for the advanced spellers only. 348 GUIDED SPELLING™ Week 19 Day 5 Weekly Test For details about the weekly test, see page 97. ALL STUDENTS 1. evident From the fossil record, it is evident when and where the dinosaurs lived. (application word) 2. intelligence Many animals are amazingly capable, but no animal has the same level of intelligence as humans. (application word) 3. correctionThe teacher circled the misspelled words and handed the papers back for correction. (application word) 4. impatiently She waited impatiently for her mother to get home. (application word) 5. press Freedom of the press means that newspapers are free to report the news without interference from the government. 6. objectThe object of the assignment was to learn how to do research. 7. constantThe constant rain meant the campers had to cut their trip short and turn back. 8. express His mother had always encouraged him to express his creativity. 9. subjectsThe king’s subjects paid taxes to the royal government. (application word) 10. directThey take the most direct route to school. 11. apparently I walked to the bus stop, but apparently I had the time wrong and missed the bus. 12. pressure A tire pressure gauge measures the air pressure in a car’s tires. 13. project We had three weeks to complete the science project. AVERAGE AND ADVANCED SPELLERS CONTINUE 14. atmosphereOne of the most difficult phases of a spaceship’s journey is reentering the Earth’s atmosphere. 15. disposable We used disposable napkins at the picnic. 16. fossils At the natural history museum, our class learned about shell fossils and about ancient oceans. (application word) GRADE 6 / Week 19 / Day 5 349 17. quantity He bought a large quantity of binder paper, enough to last the whole year. 18. centimeters We used a meter stick to measure the objects in centimeters. (application word) 19. frequentThe local train made frequent stops and was much slower than the express. (application word) 20. representatives If you have a strong opinion about an issue, write a letter to your elected representatives. (application word) ADVANCED SPELLERS CONTINUE 21. dissolve We watched the tablet of egg dye dissolve in the water. 22. absolutely She was absolutely thrilled to see them. 350 GUIDED SPELLING™
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