Winter Weed ID and Control in
Spray Fields
Feb 9, 2006: Italian ryegrass
L. S. Warren, Jr. (03-03-08)
North Carolina State University
What are advantages to early
weed identification?
Can control before desired crop gets thinned out
Less herbicide usually needed for control of
younger plants
Herbicide may not control mature plants no matter
the rate (Italian ryegrass; curly dock)
Herbicides do not kill weed seeds (you may kill
the parent plant, but offspring will be unaffected)
Nov 28, 2006: Italian ryegrass
Feb 22, 2007: Italian ryegrass
Mar 30, 2005
April 19, 2001: Appl. Date
6 oz / acre Plateau + 2,4-D
May 3, 2001: 2 WAT
6 oz / acre Plateau + 2,4-D
May 17, 2001: 4 WAT
6 oz / acre Plateau + 2,4-D
Apr 21, 2004 (2 WAT)
May 4, 2004 (4 WAT)
Apr 7, 2004 (12 WAT)
May 4, 2004 (16 WAT)
May 24, 2005
May 24, 2005
Jan 12, 2005 (6 WAT)
Apr 12, 2005
Mar 13, 2006
Postemergence Weed Control in Pastures
(Winter Annuals and Cool Season Perennials)
Best time to control (usually*) is Sep through Nov
Weeds are germinating, young, actively growing
*Germination depends on rainfall – could be dry,
pasture canopy, other factors
A good time to control is Feb through Apr*
Winter weeds begin growth spurt
* Don’t wait too late!
Oct 26, 2004
Oct 23, 2006
Oct 18, 2007
Postemergence Weed Control in Pastures
(Winter Annuals and Cool Season Perennials)
Glyphosate-containing products such as…
Numerous Roundup formulations
Journey – BASF Herbicide
Apply to dormant bermudagrass only (generally
from late December to early March)
Timing not ideal for optimum weed control
How would you control…
Annual bluegrass
Italian ryegrass
Perennial ryegrass
Little barley
Orchardgrass
… in a coastal bermudagrass pasture?
Postemergence Broadcast Treatment – (Dormant)
Glyphosate (Roundup UltraMax / UltraDry) will
control winter annual grasses such as annual
bluegrass and little barley and suppress Italian
ryegrass if < 6 inches. Glyphosate at pasture-labeled
rates will not control perennial grasses such as
perennial ryegrass and orchardgrass.
Roundup UltraMax: 10 to 13 fl oz/A
Roundup UltraDry: 7 to 10 oz/A
(No grazing or hay restriction at these rates)
Spot Treatment, Wiper Application Over-Top
Treat entire field if using < 2.25 qt/A Roundup
UltraMax or < 3.6 lb/A Roundup UltraDry.
Treat no more that 10% of field at one time if using
> 2.25 qt/A Roundup Ultra Max or > 3.6 lb/A
Roundup UltraDry.
(7 day grazing and hay restriction)
Preplant, Preemergence, Pasture Renovation
If using < 2.25 qt/A Roundup UltraMax or < 3.6 lb/A
Roundup UltraDry...
(No grazing or hay restriction)
If using > 2.25 qt/A Roundup UltraMax or >3.6 lb/A
Roundup UltraDry…
(8 week grazing and hay restriction)
Postemergence Broadcast Treatment – (Dormant)
Spot Treatment
Journey (Imazapic + glyphosate) will control winter
annual grasses such as annual bluegrass, little barley
and Italian ryegrass. Journey will also control
perennial ryegrass but only suppresses orchardgrass.
Winter use rates: 16 to 32 fl oz/A + methylated seed
oil at 1.5 to 2 pt/A (broadcast); or 0.625% to 13%
solution + 1% methylated seed oil (spot treatment)
(No grazing restriction; 7 day hay restriction)
Bermudagrass Pasture Herbicides
2,4-D
2,4-D amine or ester
Banvel
dicamba amine
Cimarron Plus
metsulfuron + chlorsulfuron
Cimarron Max
metsulfuron + 2,4-D amine
+ dicamba amine
Crossbow
2,4-D ester + triclopyr ester
Curtail
2,4-D amine + clopyralid amine
ForeFront R&P
aminopyralid + 2,4-D
Grazon P+D
picloram amine + 2,4-D amine
Bermudagrass Pasture Herbicides
Journey
imazapic + glyphosate
Milestone
aminopyralid
Overdrive
diflufenzopyr + dicamba
PastureGard
triclopyr ester + fluroxypyr ester
Redeem R&P
triclopyr amine + clopyralid amine
Remedy Ultra
triclopyr ester
Surmount
picloram amine + fluroxypyr ester
Telar XP
chlorsulfuron
Weedmaster
2,4-D amine + dicamba amine
Pasture Broadleaf Herbicide Restrictions
Herbicide
(Beef – Dairy) Slaughter Hay Sensitive Crop
Grazing
Transfer
2,4-D
0
7
3
30
0
Banvel
0
7 to 40
30
37 to 90
0
Cim. Plus
0
0
0
0
0
Cim. Max
0
7
30
37
0
Crossbow
0
14
3
7***
0
Curtail
0
14
7
30
7
***365 day hay restriction for lactating dairy cattle
Pasture Broadleaf Herbicide Restrictions
Herbicide
(Beef – Dairy) Slaughter Hay Sensitive Crop
Grazing
ForeFront
Transfer
0
0
0
7
3
Grazon P+D 0
7
3
30
7
Journey
0
0
0
7
0
Milestone
0
0
0
0
3
Overdrive
0
0
0
0
0
365
3
14
0
PastureGard 0
Pasture Broadleaf Herbicide Restrictions
Herbicide
(Beef – Dairy) Slaughter Hay Sensitive Crop
Grazing
Redeem
0
Remedy Ultra 0
Transfer
14
3
7***
0
1 season
3
14
0
Surmount
0
14
3
7
7
Telar XP
0
0
0
0
0
Weedmaster 0
7
30
37
0
*** 365 day hay restriction for lactating dairy cattle
Rye, Ryegrass, Oats, Triticale and
Wheat Pasture Herbicides
2,4-D
0.5 to 2 pt/acre
Fully tillered grass 4 to 8 inches tall before joint
stage
Wait 14 day before meat and dairy animals finished
for slaughter can forage
Rye, Ryegrass, Oats, Triticale and
Wheat Pasture Herbicides
Banvel
2 to 4 oz/acre on 2 to 3 leaf weeds with 2 inch
rosettes
Fully tillered grass 4 to 8 inches tall before joint
stage
7 day hay restriction for lactating dairy animals (no
grazing restriction for non-lactating animals)
37 day hay harvest; 30 day slaughter restriction
Rye, Ryegrass, Oats, Triticale and
Wheat Pasture Herbicides
Weedmaster
A mix of 2,4-D and Banvel
Follow restrictions pertaining to both herbicides
Controls a lot more weeds that either herbicide alone
Curly dock: perennial broadleaf
Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre)
2,4-D amine, Grazon P+D, Weedmaster (3 pt/acre)
ForeFront, PastureGard, Redeem R&P (2.5 pt/acre)
Weedmaster, Banvel, Remedy (2 pt/acre)
Surmount, Weedmaster before bolt (1.5 pt/acre)
Milestone – 0.375 pt/acre; Redeem – 1 pt/acre
Overdrive – 8 oz/acre; Cim. Plus - 0.125 oz/A; Cim. Max
Redeem 1 qt/A
Weedmaster 1 qt/A
Mar 30, 2005 (1 DAT)
Apr 11, 2005: (2 WAT)
Wild garlic: clump forming perennial
Feb - Mar application of…
Cimarron Plus 0.125 to 0.25 oz/acre
Cimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
2,4-D amine 3 qt/acre (add 0.25% NIS)
Common chickweed: winter annual broadleaf
Banvel – 1 pt/acre
Grazon P+D, PastureGard, Surmount,Weedmaster
(1.5 pt/acre)
ForeFront – 1 qt/acre; Crossbow – 2 qt/acre
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max - 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Telar XP – 0.5 oz/acre; Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Mouseear chickweed: winter annual broadleaf
Banvel – 1 pt/acre
Grazon P+D, PastureGard, Surmount, Weedmaster
(1.5 pt/acre)
Crossbow – 3 qt/acre; Cimarron Plus – 0.125 oz/acre
Cimarron Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Henbit
winter annual broadleaf
Milestone - 0.375 pt/acre
Banvel – 1 pt/acre
Weedmaster
1.5 pt/acre preflower
3 pt/acre flower
ForeFront – 1 qt/acre
Crossbow – 3 qt/acre
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre
Cimarron Max
0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Telar XP – 0.5 oz/acre
Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Carolina Geranium: winter annual broadleaf
Banvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy (1 pt/acre)
2,4-D amine, PastureGard, Surmount, Weedmaster
(1.5 to 2 pt/acre)
Crossbow – 3 qt/acre
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Telar XP – 1 oz/acre; Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Shepherd’s-purse: winter annual broadleaf
Banvel, Weedmaster (1 pt/acre)
Redeem R&P – 2 pt/acre
Crossbow – 2 qt/acre
Curtail – 3 qt/acre
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Telar XP – 0.5 oz/acre; Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Virginia pepperweed: winter annual broadleaf
Banvel – 1 pt/acre
2,4-D amine, Redeem R&P, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)
Crossbow – 3 qt/acre
Cimarron Plus – 1.25 oz/acre for perennial pepperweed
Cimarron Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Wild Mustard:
Winter annual broadleaf
Banvel – 1 pt/acre
PastureGard – 1.5 pt/acre
2,4-D amine, Crossbow, Remedy, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)
Curtail – 3 qt/acre
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Telar XP – 0.5 oz/acre; Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Wild radish: winter annual broadleaf
Banvel – 1 pt/acre
2,4-D amine, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)
Crossbow – 2 qt/acre
Curtail – 3 qt/acre
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Prickly lettuce: winter annual broadleaf
Banvel, PastureGard (1.5 pt/acre)
2,4-D amine, ForeFront, Redeem R&P, Weedmaster
(2 pt/acre)
Grazon P+D – 3 pt/acre; Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre)
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Spiny sowthistle: winter annual broadleaf
Banvel – 1.5 pt/acre
2,4-D amine, ForeFront, Redeem R&P, Weedmaster
(2 pt/acre)
Grazon P+D – 3 pt/acre; Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre)
Cimarron Plus – rate?; Cimarron Max – 0.5 oz + 2 pt/acre
Telar XP – 0.5 oz/acre; Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Horseweed: annual broadleaf (winter or summer?)
Banvel, Surmount (1.5 pt/acre)
Crossbow, ForeFront, Redeem, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)
Grazon P+D – 3 pt/acre
Curtail – 3 qt/acre; Milestone – 0.375 pt/acre
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Cutleaf eveningprimrose: biennial broadleaf
Banvel, ForeFront, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)
PastureGard – 2.5 pt/acre
Milestone – 0.375 pt/acre
Cimarron Plus – 0.125 oz/acre (tankmix with 2,4-D helps)
Telar XP – 0.5 oz/acre
Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Common dandelion: perennial broadleaf
Banvel – 1.5 pt/acre
ForeFront, Redeem R&P, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)
2,4-D amine – 3 pt/acre
Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre)
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Overdrive – 8 oz/acre
Buckhorn plantain: perennial broadleaf
Banvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)
ForeFront, PastureGard – 2.5 pt/acre
2,4-D amine, Grazon P+D (3 pt/acre)
Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre)
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Overdrive – 8 oz/acre
Broadleaf plantain: perennial broadleaf
Banvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)
ForeFront, PastureGard – 2.5 pt/acre
2,4-D amine, Grazon P+D (3 pt/acre)
Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre)
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Overdrive – 8 oz/acre
White clover: perennial broadleaf
ForeFront, Surmount, Weedmaster (1.5 pt/acre)
Banvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy (1 qt/acre)
PastureGard – 2.5 pt/acre; Grazon P+D – 3 pt/acre
Curtail – 2 qt/acre; Crossbow – 3 qt/acre
Cimarron Plus – 0.375 to 0.625 oz/acre
Cimarron Max – 0.5 oz + 2 pt/acre; Overdrive – 8 oz/acre
Buttercup species: perennial broadleaf
Weedmaster – 1 to 3 pt (preflower to late bloom)
2,4-D amine – 2 pt/acre; Grazon P+D – 3 pt/acre
Redeem R&P – 2.5 pt/acre for hairy buttercup
Crossbow – 1 qt/acre annuals, 3 qt/acre perennials
Milestone – 0.375 pt/acre; ForeFront – 2 pt/acre
Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Telar XP – 1 oz/acre; Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Vetch species
perennial broadleaf
Milestone - 0.375 pt/acre
Banvel, ForeFront,
PastureGard, Redeem,
Remedy Ultra, Weedmaster 1 qt/acre
Crossbow – 3 qt/acre
Cim. Plus – 0.375 to 0.625 oz
Cimarron Max
0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre
Curtail – 2 qt/acre
Grazon P+D – 3 pt/acre
Overdrive – 6 oz/acre
Thistle Control
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Late fall or early spring application
Treat at rosette leaf stage
Crossbow – 4 qt/acre; Curtail – 3 qt/acre
2,4-D ester - 2 qt/acre
Grazon P+D – 1.5 qt/acre
Banvel, ForeFront, Surmount, Weedmaster
(1 qt/acre)
Redeem R&P – 1 qt/a biennials, 2 qt/a perennials
Milestone – 0.375 pt/acre
Cimarron Plus – 0.25 to 1.25 oz/acre
Cimarron Max – 0.5 oz + 2 pt/acre
Telar XP – 1 oz/acre (Musk thistle)
Overdrive – 8 oz/acre