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Table of Total Emissivity
These tables are presented for use as a guide when making infrared
temperature measurements with the OMEGASCOPE® or other infrared
pyrometers. The total emissivity (ε) for Metals, Non-metals and
Common Building Materials are given.
Since the emissivity of a material will vary as a function of temperature
and surface finish, the values in these tables should be used only as a
guide for relative or delta measurements.
The exact emissivity of a material should be determined when
absolute measurements are required.
METALS
Material
Alloys
20-Ni, 24-CR, 55-FE, Oxid.
20-Ni, 24-CR, 55-FE, Oxid.
60-Ni , 12-CR, 28-FE, Oxid.
60-Ni , 12-CR, 28-FE, Oxid.
80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidized
80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidized
80-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidized
Aluminum
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Oxidized
Oxidized
Oxidized at 599°C (1110°F)
Oxidized at 599°C (1110°F)
Heavily Oxidized
Heavily Oxidized
Highly Polished
Roughly Polished
Commercial Sheet
Highly Polished Plate
Highly Polished Plate
Bright Rolled Plate
Bright Rolled Plate
Alloy A3003, Oxidized
Alloy A3003, Oxidized
Alloy 1100-0
Alloy 24ST
Alloy 24ST, Polished
Alloy 75ST
Alloy 75ST, Polished
Bismuth, Bright
Bismuth, Unoxidized
Bismuth, Unoxidized
Brass
73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished
73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished
62% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished
62% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished
83% Cu, 17% Zn, Polished
Matte
Burnished to Brown Color
Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized
Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized
Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Cadmium
Carbon
Lampblack
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Candle Soot
Filament
Graphitized
Graphitized
Graphitized
Chromium
Chromium
Chromium, Polished
Cobalt, Unoxidized
Cobalt, Unoxidized
Columbium, Unoxidized
Columbium, Unoxidized
Copper
Cuprous Oxide
Cuprous Oxide
Cuprous Oxide
Black, Oxidized
Etched
Matte
Roughly Polished
Temp °F (°C)
ε
Emissivity
Material
Polished
392 (200)
932 (500)
518 (270)
1040 (560)
212 (100)
1112 (600)
2372 (1300)
.90
.97
.89
.82
.87
.87
.89
77 (25)
212 (100)
932 (500)
390 (199)
1110 (599)
390 (199)
1110 (599)
200 (93)
940 (504)
212 (100)
212 (100)
212 (100)
440 (227)
1070 (577)
338 (170)
932 (500)
600 (316)
900 (482)
200-800 (93-427)
75 (24)
75 (24)
75 (24)
75 (24)
176 (80)
77 (25)
212 (100)
.02
.03
.06
.11
.19
.11
.19
.20
.31
.09
.18
.09
.04
.06
.04
.05
.40
.40
.05
.09
.09
.11
.08
.34
.05
.06
Highly Polished
Rolled
Rough
Molten
Molten
Molten
Nickel Plated
Dow Metal
Gold
Enamel
Plate (.0001)
Plate on .0005 Silver
Plate on .0005 Nickel
Polished
Polished
Haynes Alloy C,
Oxidized
Haynes Alloy 25,
Oxidized
Haynes Alloy X,
Oxidized
Inconel Sheet
Inconel Sheet
Inconel Sheet
Inconel X, Polished
Inconel B, Polished
Iron
Oxidized
Oxidized
Oxidized
Unoxidized
Red Rust
Rusted
Liquid
476 (247)
674 (357)
494 (257)
710 (377)
.03
.03
.03
.04
Cast Iron
Oxidized
Oxidized
Unoxidized
Strong Oxidation
530 (277)
68 (20)
68 (20)
392 (200)
752 (400)
1112 (600)
77 (25)
212 (100)
77 (25)
.03
.07
.40
.61
.60
.61
.04
.04
.02
77 (25)
77 (25)
212 (100)
932 (500)
250 (121)
.95
.81
.81
.79
.95
500 (260)
212 (100)
572 (300)
932 (500)
100 (38)
1000 (538)
302 (150)
932 (500)
1832 (1000)
1500 (816)
2000 (1093)
.95
.76
.75
.71
.08
.26
.06
.13
.23
.19
.24
100 (38)
500 (260)
1000 (538)
100 (38)
100 (38)
.87
.83
.77
.78
.09
100 (38)
100 (38)
.22
.07
Strong Oxidation
Liquid
Wrought Iron
Dull
Dull
Smooth
Polished
Lead
Polished
Rough
Oxidized
Oxidized at 1100°F
Gray Oxidized
Magnesium
Magnesium Oxide
Mercury
Mercury
Mercury
Molybdenum
Molybdenum
Molybdenum
Molybdenum
“ Oxidized at 1000°F
“ Oxidized at 1000°F
" Oxidized at 1000°F
" Oxidized at 1000°F
" Oxidized at 1000°F
Monel, Ni-Cu
Monel, Ni-Cu
Monel, Ni-Cu
Monel, Ni-Cu
Oxidized
ε
Emissivity
Temp °F (°C)
100 (38)
.03
100 (38)
100 (38)
100 (38)
1000 (538)
1970 (1077)
2230 (1221)
100-500 (38-260)
0.4-600 (–18-316)
.02
.64
.74
.15
.16
.13
.37
.15
212 (100)
.37
200-750 (93-399)
200-750 (93-399)
100-500 (38-260)
1000-2000 (538-1093)
.11-.14
.07-.09
.02
.03
600-2000 (316-1093)
.90-.96
600-2000 (316-1093)
.86-.89
600-2000 (316-1093)
1000 (538)
1200 (649)
1400 (760)
75 (24)
75 (24)
.85-.88
.28
.42
.58
.19
.21
212 (100)
930 (499)
2190 (1199)
212 (100)
77 (25)
77 (25)
2760-3220 (15161771)
.74
.84
.89
.05
.70
.65
.42-.45
390 (199)
1110 (599)
212 (100)
40 (104)
.64
.78
.21
.95
482 (250)
2795 (1535)
.95
.29
77 (25)
660 (349)
100 (38)
100 (38)
.94
.94
.35
.28
100-500 (38-260)
100 (38)
100 (38)
100 (38)
100 (38)
100-500 (38-260)
1880-3140 (10271727)
32 (0)
77 (25)
100 (38)
212 (100)
100 (38)
500 (260)
1000 (538)
2000 (1093)
600 (316)
700 (371)
800 (427)
900 (482)
1000 (538)
392 (200)
752 (400)
1112 (600)
68 (20)
.06-.08
.43
.43
.63
.28
.07-.13
.16-.20
.09
.10
.10
.12
.06
.08
.11
.18
.80
.84
.84
.83
.82
.41
.44
.46
.43
Material
Monel, Ni-Cu Oxid. at
1110°F
Nickel
Polished
Oxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Electrolytic
Electrolytic
Electrolytic
Electrolytic
Nickel Oxide
Palladium Plate (.00005
on .0005 silver)
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum, Black
Platinum, Black
Platinum, Black
" Oxidized at 1100°F
"
Rhodium Flash (0.0002
on 0.0005 Ni)
Silver
Plate (0.0005 on Ni)
Polished
Polished
Polished
Polished
Steel
Cold Rolled
Ground Sheet
Polished Sheet
Polished Sheet
Polished Sheet
Mild Steel, Polished
Mild Steel, Smooth
Mild Steel, Liquid
Steel, Unoxidized
Steel, Oxidized
Steel Alloys
Type 301, Polished
Type 301, Polished
Type 301, Polished
Type 303, Oxidized
Type 310, Rolled
Type 316, Polished
Type 316, Polished
Type 316, Polished
Type 321
Type 321 Polished
Type 321 w/BK Oxide
Type 347, Oxidized
Type 350
Type 350 Polished
Type 446, Polished
Type 17-7 PH
Type 17-7 PH
Polished
Type C1020, Oxidized
Type PH-15-7 MO
Stellite, Polished
Tantalum, Unoxidized
"
"
"
Tin, Unoxidized
"
Tinned Iron, Bright
Temp °F (°C)
ε
Emissivity
1110 (599)
.46
100 (38)
100-500 (38-260)
77 (25)
212 (100)
932 (500)
1832 (1000)
100 (38)
500 (260)
1000 (538)
2000 (1093)
1000-2000 (538-1093)
.05
.31-.46
.05
.06
.12
.19
.04
.06
.10
.16
.59-.86
200-750 (93-399)
100 (38)
500 (260)
1000 (538)
100 (38)
500 (260)
2000 (1093)
500 (260)
1000 (538)
.16-.17
.05
.05
.10
.93
.96
.97
.07
.11
200-700 (93-371)
.10-.18
200-700 (93-371)
100 (38)
500 (260)
1000 (538)
2000 (1093)
.06-.07
.01
.02
.03
.03
200 (93)
1720-2010 (938-1099)
100 (38)
.75-.85
.55-.61
.07
500 (260)
1000 (538)
75 (24)
75 (24)
2910-3270 (15991793)
212 (100)
77 (25)
.10
.14
.10
.12
.28
75 (24)
450 (232)
1740 (949)
600-2000 (316-1093)
1500-2100 (816-1149)
75 (24)
450 (232)
1740 (949)
200-800 (93-427)
300-1500 (149-815)
200-800 (93-427)
600-2000 (316-1093)
.27
.57
.55
.74-.87
.56-.81
.28
.57
.66
.27-.32
.18-.49
.66-.76
.87-.91
200-800 (93-427)
300-1800 (149-982)
300-1500 (149-815)
200-600 (93-316)
.18-.27
.11-.35
.15-.37
.44-.51
300-1500 (149-815)
600-2000 (316-1093)
300-1200 (149-649)
68 (20)
1340 (727)
2000 (1093)
3600 (1982)
5306 (2930)
77 (25)
212 (100)
76 (24)
212 (100)
.09-.16
.87-.91
.07-.19
.18
.14
.19
.26
.30
.04
.05
.05
.08
.08
.80
Table of Total Emissivity Cont’d
Material
Titanium
Alloy C110M,
Polished
" Oxidized at
538°C (1000°F)
Alloy Ti-95A,
Oxid. at
538°C (1000°F)
Anodized onto SS
Temp °F (°C)
ε
Emmissivity
300-1200
(149-649)
.08-.19
200-800 (93-427)
.51-.61
200-800 (93-427)
200-600 (93-316)
.35-.48
.96-.82
Material
METALS
Tungsten
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Unoxidized
Filament (Aged)
Filament (Aged)
Filament (Aged)
ε
Emmissivity
Temp °F (°C)
Material
77 (25)
.02
Uranium Oxide
Zinc
212 (100)
932 (500)
1832 (1000)
2732 (1500)
3632 (2000)
100 (38)
1000 (538)
5000 (2760)
.03
.07
.15
.23
.28
.03
.11
.35
Bright, Galvanized
Commercial 99.1%
Galvanized
Oxidized
Polished
Polished
Polished
Polished
ε
Emmissivity
Temp °F (°C)
1880 (1027)
.79
100 (38)
500 (260)
100 (38)
500-1000 (260-538)
100 (38)
500 (260)
1000 (538)
2000 (1093)
.23
.05
.28
.11
.02
.03
.04
.06
NON-METALS
Material
Adobe
Asbestos
Board
Cement
Cement, Red
Cement, White
Cloth
Paper
Temp °F (°C)
68 (20)
ε
Emmissivity
100 (38)
32-392 (0-200)
2500 (1371)
2500 (1371)
199 (93)
100-700 (38371)
68 (20)
100 (38)
.96
.96
.67
.65
.90
.93
Asphalt, tar paper
68 (20)
.93
Basalt
Brick
68 (20)
.72
Red, rough
70 (21)
.93
2500-5000
(1371-2760)
2500 (1371)
1000 (538)
2500 (1371)
1832 (1000)
1832 (1000)
2012 (1100)
2000 (1093)
2000 (1093)
2500-5000
(1371-2760)
1850 (1010)
.26-.30
Granite
Gravel
Ice, Smooth
Ice, Rough
Lacquer
Black
Blue, on Al Foil
Clear, on Al Foil (2
coats)
Clear, on Bright Cu
Clear, on Tarnished
Cu
Red, on Al Foil (2
coats)
White
White, on Al Foil (2
coats)
Yellow, on Al Foil (2
coats)
Lime Mortar
.75
.80
.43
.75-.80
.38
.75
.88
.80
.59-.63
Limestone
Marble, White
" Smooth, White
" Polished Gray
Mica
Oil on Nickel
0.001 Film
0.002 "
0.005 "
800-2000 (4271093)
70 (21)
70 (21)
200-750 (93399)
200-750 (93399)
72 (22)
.69-.45
Slate
Asphalt, pavement
Gault Cream
Fire Clay
Light Buff
Lime Clay
Fire Brick
Magnesite, Refractory
Gray Brick
Silica, Glazed
Silica, Unglazed
Sandlime
Carborundum
Ceramic
Alumina on Inconel
Earthenware, Glazed
Earthenware, Matte
Greens No. 5210-2C
Coating No. C20A
Porcelain
White Al2O3
Zirconia on Inconel
Clay
" Fired
" Shale
" Tiles, Light Red
" Tiles, Red
" Tiles, Dark Purple
Concrete
Rough
Tiles, Natural
" Brown
" Black
Cotton Cloth
Dolomite Lime
Emery Corundum
Glass
Convex D
Convex D
Convex D
Nonex
Nonex
Nonex
Smooth
.90
Material
.97
.93
.92
70 (21)
100 (38)
32 (0)
32 (0)
.45
.28
.97
.98
200 (93)
100 (38)
200 (93)
.96
.78
.08 (.09)
200 (93)
200 (93)
.66
.64
100 (38)
Material
ε
Emmissivity
Temp °F (°C)
Paints, Oil
All colors
Black
Black Gloss
Camouflage Green
Flat Black
Flat White
Gray-Green
200 (93)
200 (93)
70 (21)
125 (52)
80 (27)
80 (27)
70 (21)
.92-.96
.92
.90
.85
.88
.91
.95
Green
Lamp Black
200 (93)
209 (98)
.95
.96
.61 (.74)
Red
200 (93)
.95
200 (93)
100 (38)
.95
.69 (.88)
White
Quartz, Rough, Fused
200 (93)
70 (21)
.94
.93
100 (38)
.57 (.79)
Glass, 1.98 mm
540 (282)
.90
100-500 (38-260)
.90-.92
Glass, 1.98 mm
1540 (838)
.41
100 (38)
100 (38)
100 (38)
100 (38)
100 (38)
.95
.95
.56
.75
.75
72 (22)
72 (22)
72 (22)
.27
.46
.72
Glass, 6.88 mm
Glass, 6.88 mm
Opaque
Opaque
Red Lead
Rubber, Hard
Rubber, Soft, Gray
Sand
Sandstone
540 (282)
1540 (838)
570 (299)
1540 (838)
212 (100)
74 (23)
76 (24)
68 (20)
100 (38)
.93
.47
.92
.68
.93
.94
.86
.76
.67
72 (22)
.82
250 (121)
.09
Sandstone, Red
Sawdust
Shale
100 (38)
68 (20)
68 (20)
.60-.83
.75
.69
250 (121)
250 (121)
100 (38)
.56
.51
.22
Silica,Glazed
Silica, Unglazed
Silicon Carbide
1832 (1000)
2012 (1100)
300-1200 (149-649)
.85
.75
.83-.96
100 (38)
.45
Silk Cloth
100 (38)
.65
Slate
100 (38)
.83
200 (93)
.90
800-2000 (4271093)
68 (20)
158 (70)
68 (20)
2500-5000
(1371-2760)
2500-5000
(1371-2760)
2500-5000
(1371-2760)
.62-.45
On Al Foil, 1 coat
On Al Foil, 2 coats
On Polished Iron, .001
Film
On Polished Iron, .002
Film
On Polished Iron, .004
Film
On Polished Iron,
Thick Film
Paints
.39
.91
.69
.32-.34
Blue, Cu2O3
Black, CuO
Green, Cu2O3
Red, Fe2O3
75 (24)
75 (24)
75 (24)
75 (24)
.94
.96
.92
.91
Soil
Surface
Black Loam
Plowed Field
.40-.51
White, Al2O3
75 (24)
.94
Soot
.78
White, Y2O3
75 (24)
.90
.94
White, ZnO
White, MgCO3
75 (24)
75 (24)
.95
.91
.63-.62
White, ZrO2
75 (24)
.95
Coal
.87-.83
White, ThO2
75 (24)
.90
Stonework
.94-.91
White, MgO
75 (24)
.91
Water
100 (38)
.67
75 (24)
75 (24)
75 (24)
100 (38)
100 (38)
100 (38)
200 (93)
Low
70 (21)
70 (21)
70 (21)
.93
.90
.93
.27-.67
.52
.30
.22
.34-.80
.53
.50
.34
Waterglass
Wood
Beech P!aned
Oak, Planed
Spruce, Sanded
68 (20)
Low
158 (70)
100 (38)
100 (38)
.96
.80-.90
.94
.91
.89
32-2000 (01093)
2500-5000
(1371-2760)
2500-5000
(1371-2760)
2500-5000
(1371-2760)
68 (20)
68 (20)
176 (80)
212 (100)
600 (316)
932 (500)
212 (100)
600 (316)
932 (500)
32-200 (0-93)
.90
.93
.89-.82
Thick "
Oil, Linseed
On Al Foil, uncoated
ε
Emmissivity
Temp °F (°C)
.73-.67
.92
.77
.41
.86
.80
.80
.76
.82
.82
.78
.92-.94
White, PbCO3
Yellow, PbO
Yellow, PbCrO4
Paints, Aluminium
10% Al
26% Al
Dow XP-310
Paints, Bronze
Gum Varnish (2 coats)
Gum Varnish (3 coats)
Cellulose Binder (2
coats)
68 (20)
.78
100 (38)
.67-.80
Snow, Fine Particles
20 (–7)
.82
Snow, Granular
18 (–8)
.89
100 (38)
68 (20)
68 (20)
.38
.66
.38
Acetylene
75 (24)
.97
Camphor
Candle
75 (24)
250 (121)
.94
.95
68 (20)
.95
100 (38)
.93