AP Biology Summer Assignment Chapter 2 Quiz 2016-17
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1.
Which six elements provide most of the mass of the
human body?
a) C, O, N, H, P, S
b) K, O, N, H, P, C
c) C, O, Na, H, P, S
d) C, O, N, H, F, Mg
2. Which particles determine how an atom interacts with
other atoms?
a) Protons
b) Neutrons
c) Electrons
d) Nuclei
3. Refer to the figure below.
5. The electronegativity of an atom is a relative measure
of the
a) number of electrons in an atom.
b) number of electrons in the atom’s outermost
electron shell.
c) difference between the number of atoms and the
number of protons.
d) affinity an atom has for electrons and its ability to
capture additional electrons.
6. Refer to the figure below.
What type of chemical bond connects the two carbon
atoms in the molecule shown?
a) Nonpolar covalent bond
b) Asymmetric bond
c) Polar covalent bond
d) Hydrogen bond
7. Refer to the figure below.
A neutral atom of nitrogen is shown. When reacting
with another atom to achieve a stable configuration of
electrons, this atom will likely
a) gain one electron in its outer shell to make its
total number of electrons equal to eight.
b) gain three electrons in its outer shell to make the
number of electrons in this shell equal to eight.
c) lose the five electrons in its outer shell, which
leaves a full inner shell of two electrons.
d) lose one electron in its outer shell, which leaves
an even number of six electrons in the outer shell.
e) not react because the atom is already stable with
an equal number of protons and electrons.
4. A covalent bond
a) may be polar, but cannot be nonpolar.
b) may contain electrons shared unequally between
two nuclei.
c) forms when two atoms share a single electron.
d) links an atom that donates electrons to an atom
that gains the donated electrons.
What type of chemical bond connects the carbon and
oxygen atoms in the molecule shown?
a) Nonpolar covalent bond
b) Asymmetric bond
c) Polar covalent bond
d) Hydrogen bond
8. Which of the following is responsible for water’s high
heat capacity, high surface tension, strong cohesion,
and strong adhesion properties?
a) The size of the water molecule
b) Hydrogen bonding between molecules
c) Water’s low mass
d) Water’s abundance on Earth
e) Water’s ability to change state
9.
On a hot summer day, a fish in a shallow pond does
not experience a spike in temperature and does not
lose its habitat to evaporation. What properties of
water are at work to provide these protections?
a) High heat capacity and high surface tension
b) Strong cohesive properties and high heat of
vaporization
c) Strong adhesive properties and high heat capacity
d) High heat capacity and high heat of vaporization
10. Water spreads out in one large puddle on a sheet of
glass (Sheet #1). Water beads up as numerous small
spheres on a second sheet of glass (Sheet #2) that has
been treated with a mineral solution. What statement
explains these observations?
a) Water’s adhesion to glass increases when the
glass is treated with the solution.
b) Water’s cohesive properties change depending on
whether or not glass is treated with the solution.
c) Cohesive forces account for the observations of
Sheet #1, while adhesive forces account for the
observations of Sheet #2.
d) Treating glass with the solution decreases the
adhesive forces between the glass and water
molecules.
11. A student observes that a paper clip floats on water in
a cup even though the paper clip is denser than water.
When the student mixes a drop of dish detergent into
the water, the paper clip sinks to the bottom of the cup.
What explains these observations?
a) The density of the water is decreased by the
addition of dish detergent, which changes the
behavior of the paper clip.
b) The density of the water is increased by the
addition of dish detergent, which changes the
behavior of the paper clip.
c) The water’s surface tension is decreased by the
addition of dish detergent, because the detergent
molecules interrupt hydrogen bonding between
water molecules.
d) The water’s cohesive properties are increased by
the addition of dish detergent, because the
detergent molecules enhance hydrogen bonding
between water molecules.
12. Which property of water can be used to explain why it
is able to dissolve many substances?
a) High heat of vaporization
b) Polar structure
c) High heat capacity
d) Strong cohesion
13.Refer to the figure below.
The figures show structures of amino acids, which are small biological molecules found in living cells. Each amino acid has
a unique side chain, shown in the boxed portion of each figure. Which amino acid or acids have hydrophobic side chains?
a) Serine and asparagine
b) Leucine only
c) Asparagine and leucine
d) Leucine and phenylalanine
14.
Refer to the figure below.
19. Starch and glycogen, which are both polysaccharides,
differ in that starch is _______, while glycogen
_______.
a) the main component for plant structural support;
is an energy source for animals
b) a structural material found in plants and animals;
forms external skeletons in animals
c) the principal energy storage compound of plants;
is the main energy storage in animals
d) a temporary compound used to store glucose; is a
highly stable compound that stores complex lipids
The functional groups shown are the _______ group,
the _______ group, and the _______ group.
a) hydroxyl; keto; phosphate
b) aldehyde; phosphate; keto
c) keto; aldehyde; carboxyl
d) hydroxyl; carboxyl; phosphate
20. What causes the lipid macromolecules in fats and oils
to aggregate in water?
a) Covalent bonds
b) Hydrogen bonds
c) Ionic attractions
d) Hydrophobic interactions
15. Which shows monomers correctly paired with their
corresponding polymer?
a) Monosaccharides: polysaccharide; amino acids:
lipid
b) Amino acids: protein; monosaccharides: nucleic
acid
c) Nucleotides: nucleic acid; amino acids: protein
d) Monosaccharides: nucleic acid; nucleotides: lipid
21. The chemical addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated
fat to form the corresponding saturated fat would
cause the fat to
a) pack more tightly together.
b) gain a kink in its shape.
c) change from a solid to an oil.
d) lose ester linkages.
22. Refer to the table below.
16. During the condensation of a sequence of 50 amino
acids to make a protein, _______ water molecules will
be _______.
a) 49; produced
b) 49; consumed
c) 50; produced
d) 50; consumed
17. A molecule with the formula C6H12O6 can be
classified as a
a) protein.
b) carbohydrate.
c) lipid.
d) fat.
18. Monosaccharides are joined together by
a) hydrolysis.
b) glycosidic linkages.
c) peptide bonds.
d) salt bridges.
Three fats were analyzed for their saturated and
unsaturated fatty acid content. The results are
summarized in the table above. One of the fats is an oil
at room temperature, while the other two are solids.
Use the data to identify the two solids and predict
which has the higher melting point.
a) A and C are solids; A has the higher melting point
b) A and C are solids; C has the higher melting point
c) B and C are solids; B has the higher melting point
d) B and C are solids; C has the higher melting point
23.
Anabolic pathways
a) require a net input of energy.
b) involve the breakdown of complex molecules into
more simple components.
c) always occur in the absence of catabolic
reactions.
d) are examples of kinetic energy.
24. Catabolic reactions
a) allow cells to store energy in the form of chemical
bonds.
b) absorb energy.
c) occur as cells synthesize glycogen, starch, and
cellulose.
d) involve the breakdown of complex molecules into
more simple components.
25. Which terms describe the metabolic reactions
involving the polymerization of glucose to form
glycogen?
a) Anabolic and endergonic
b) Anabolic and exergonic
c) Catabolic and endergonic
d) Catabolic and exergonic
26. The synthesis of the enzyme lipase would be classified
as anabolic because
a) the resulting enzyme can catalyze the breakdown
of lipids for energy.
b) energy is captured in the bonds linking amino
acids that compose lipase.
c) entropy increases as amino acids are joined into
the sequence making up lipase.
d) an increase in temperature is required to make the
enzyme.
27. Refer to the table below.
The table shown mislabels which biochemical
reaction(s)?
a) Synthesis of triglycerides
b) Breakdown of glucose
c) Hydrolysis of sucrose
d) Synthesis of triglycerides and breakdown of
glucose
28. Refer to the figure below.
Which statement gives an example of the concepts
depicted in the diagram regarding the second law of
thermodynamics?
a) Light energy from the sun is transformed into
chemical bond energy by a tree undergoing
photosynthesis.
b) Chemical bond energy in food is transformed into
chemical bond energy in biological molecules as
a baby rabbit grows.
c) Chemical bond energy is mostly transformed into
kinetic energy of flight by a bird’s wing muscles
and partly transformed into random thermal
motion of air molecules.
d) A fish dies, releasing the potential energy stored
in its chemical bonds as thermal motion of
molecules in its immediate environment.
29. In condensation reactions, the atoms that make up a
water molecule are derived from
a) oxygen.
b) only one of the reactants.
c) both of the reactants.
d) carbohydrates.
30. You look at the label on a container of shortening and
see the words “hydrogenated vegetable oil.” This
means that during processing, the number of carbon–
carbon double bonds in the oil was decreased. What is
the result of decreasing the number of double bonds?
a) The oil now has a lower melting point.
b) The oil is now solid at room temperature.
c) There are more “kinks” in the fatty acid chains.
d) The oil is now a derivative carbohydrate.
31. In a biological membrane, the phospholipids are
arranged with the fatty acid chains facing the interior
of the membrane. As a result, the interior of the
membrane is
a) hydrophobic.
b) hydrophilic.
c) charged.
d) polar.