Prefeito
Sebastião Almeida
Vice-Prefeito
Carlos Derman
Secretária Municipal de Educação
Prof.ª Neide Marcondes Garcia
Secretária Adjunta de Educação
Prof.ª Zenaide Evangelista Clemente Cobucci
Diretora do Departamento de Ensino Escolar
Sueli Santos da Costa
Diretora do Departamento de Orientações
Educacionais e Pedagógicas
Sandra Soria
Diretor do Departamento de Controle da
Execução Orçamentária da Educação
Fernando Ferraz
Diretor do Departamento de Alimentação e
Suprimentos da Educação
Reginaldo Andrade Araújo
Diretor do Departamento de Manutenção
de Próprios da Educação
José Severino Sobrinho
Diretor do Departamento de Planejamento
e Informática na Educação
Carlos Eduardo da Silva
Diretora do Departamento de Serviços
Gerais da Educação
Margarete Elisabeth Shwafati
DIVISÃO TÉCNICA DE ARTE-EDUCAÇÃO
Autores: Elaine Martins; André Bonifácio; Esther Librelon; Gisele Ribeiro;
Priscila da Silva; Sérgio Corsini; Simone Seixas; Wiliana Santana.
Colaboradores: Mércia de Moraes Marques Loreto; Vanderlei Aparecido Banci;
Comissão de Pesquisa e Organização: Lucília Ribeiro de Souza; Pricila Pires;
Simone Datoguêa Silva e Solange Rufino Martins Gomes.
Assessoria:Tiago Rufino Fernandes. Revisão: Silvia Furtado Simão.
Áudios: Elaine Martins; André Bonifácio; Esther Librelon;
Larissa Takishita; Sérgio Corsini; Simone Seixas; Wiliana Santana;
DIVISÃO TÉCNICA DE PUBLICAÇÕES EDUCACIONAIS
Gerência: José Augusto Lisboa
Criação e Design: Anna Solano (Ilustração)
Claudia Elaine da Silva e Eduardo Calabria Martins
Fotografia: Maurício Burim Perejão
Administrativo: Maristela Barbosa Miranda
Reportagem, Assessoria de Imprensa e Revisão:
Carla Maio, Eric Shibuya e Yve de Oliveira
Marketing e Clipping: Danielle Andrade
SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO
Rua Claudino Barbosa, 313 - Macedo - Guarulhos/SP
CEP 07113-040 - TEL.: 2475-7300
Julho de 2016
Apresentação
Caro(a) aluno(a)
É com muita alegria que chega até você o livro Sunset I, parte da coleção exclusiva de livros
didáticos distribuída pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Guarulhos.
Este material foi escrito e desenvolvido por uma equipe de professores especialistas em Artes
e Língua Inglesa para auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem desse idioma.
Sunset I é destinado às pessoas que já estudaram inglês por três semestres (Blue Sky I, II
e III) e dá continuidade aos conhecimentos e saberes básicos da Língua Inglesa. Contém
cinco unidades divididas em diversas atividades nas quais você terá a chance de praticar
habilidades linguísticas e comunicativas que estimulam o uso real da Língua Inglesa.
Em meio a um conjunto de ações que são promovidas pela Secretaria de Educação, este livro
também contribui diretamente para a melhoria da qualidade social da educação.
Esperamos que você, mais uma vez, aproveite ao máximo o que este material oferece e aprenda
Inglês se divertindo com a gente.
Prof.ª Neide Marcondes Garcia
Secretária de Educação
Presentation
Dear student
We are happy to bring to you the book Sunset I. It is part of a new exclusive
coursebook collection offered by the Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Guarulhos.
It was created by a team of art designers and well-experienced English teachers in order to
support the teaching-learning process of the English language.
Sunset I is aimed at people who have studied English for three semesters (Blue Sky I, II and
III) or students with some basic knowledge. It contains five units divided into several lessons
that gradually introduce new topics, dialogues, lexicon and exercises that stimulate language
skills and the real use of English.
Along with a series of actions promoted by the Secretaria de Educação, this book also
contributes directly to the improvement of the quality of education.
Once more we hope that you get the most out of this book and have a great time learning
English.
Prof.ª Neide Marcondes Garcia
Secretary of Education
Revision
Do you remember?................................................................
Unit 1
They were watching a movie...........................................
Unit 2
You should buy a house..........................................................
Unit 3
I have never seen it ...............................................................
7
9
19
37
Unit 4
I have been working hard......................................................
49
Unit 5
In my point of view.................................................................
61
Extras................................................................................. 71
This is the A to Zen of Life, lessons from the Dalai Lama poster, they can serve as a great guide and
reminder to help you live one day at a time and make it a masterpiece. Let’s start this brand new
level working hard with positive attitudes to make the most of it!
Avoid negative sources, people, places and habits!
Believe in yourself!
Consider things from every angle!
Don’t give up and don’t give in!
Everything you’re looking for lies behind the mask you wear!
Family & friends are hidden treasures, seek them and enjoy their riches!
Give more than you planned to!
Hang on to your dreams!
If opportunity doesn’t knock, build a door!
Judge your success by what you had to give up in order to get it!
Keep trying no matter how hard it seems!
Love yourself!
Make it happen!
Never lie, steal or cheat!
Open your arms to change, but don’t let go of your values!
Practice makes perfect!
Quality not quantity in anything you do!
Remember that silence is sometimes the best answer!
Stop procrastinating!
Take control of your own destiny!
Understand yourself in order to better understand others!
Visualize it!
When you lose, don’t lose the lesson!
eXcellence in all your efforts!
You are unique, nothing can replace you!
Zero in on your target & go for it!
Disponível: <www.weresoinspired.com>
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
7
Revision
1
Complete the sentences with the correct verbal tense :
1. She ____________ (go out) with her friends next week.
2. He ____________ (travel) by car once a year.
3. They ____________ (fly) to Rio last year.
4. We ____________ (work) right now.
5. She doesn’t like ____________ (swim) in the winter.
2
Complete the gaps with the words in the box below
is going out
’re playing
| went | live
| was born
|
| ’re going | moved | was
have
| colder
| didn’t like
Andrew is Australian. He _____________ in Canada,
but he ____________ to Australia when he ________
six. He _____________ back to Canada once, but he
___________ it because it was much ______________
than Australia! He and his brother ________ with
their parents in Sidney. They _____________ a big
house not far from the beach. In the picture he is on the
beach with his friend. They ______________ volleyball.
Tonight he___________________ with his girlfriend. They
________________ to the movies.
3
Look at the picture and complete the text:
This is Lady Gaga,a famous American ___________. Her
real name is Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta. Her
______________ is on March 28th. She was born in 1986,
so she’s _____________ years old. Her parents are Italian
and she has one sister, Natali.
She’s ______________ and ______________ and in this
picture she has ____________ straight ______________ hair
and she’s wearing a ____________ dress and ___________.
Her favorite color is purple and she loves spaghetti. Lady
Gaga ________ sing and ____________ the piano very well.
http://www.askmen.com/
celebs/women/singer/lady-gaga/
8
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Unit 1
The boy I used to be
I’m feeling very nostalgic today. I was cleaning my old bedroom in my
father’s house when I found my old school notebook. A lot of memories came into
my mind. I remembered my old friends and my old teachers. There was a picture
with my old group inside the notebook, that reminded me how I used to be shy
back then. Good times!
As I was looking into my school stuff, I found a lot of papers, drawings, some
letters and an old test. There was a composition on it. I was so creative:
“It was Saturday.. The sun was shining and many people were going
to the park. Bill was there. He was riding his bike when he met
his math teacher, Mrs. Bells. She was running around the lake.
There were some boys playing soccer. He also met his neighbor,
Mr. Ford. He was doing some exercises. There were some kids
eating popcorn and drinking soda. It was great!”
Probably, I can’t write like this anymore. Who is Bill? I don’t think
there was a Bill. I was so imaginative and naive, I didn’t have so many things to
worry about like today. I had a free mind.
While I was going home, I was thinking where the boy I used to be is. Is
anything left of him in me? Am I a better person now? I think I’ll never know, but
at least I have good memories of that boy I used to be.
1
Work in pairs. Ask these questions to a classmate:
1. Did you use to be a good student when you were a child? What about today?
2. Did you use to take pictures in the past? Do you take pictures nowadays?
3. What are the best memories you have about your school?
4. What was your best year in school? Why?
5. Who were your best friends? Are you still in touch with them?
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
9
9
2
On the text “The boy I used to be” he found a composition
he made when he was a child. Read the composition again,
then answer the questions:
1. What day was it and what’s the weather like?
__________________________________________________
2. Where were the people going?
Past Continuous
Was / Were + VERB
+ ING
I was studying when
the telephone rang.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
4. What about Mr. Ford? What was he doing?
mar
Gram
3. What was Mrs. Bells doing?
__________________________________________________
5. What were the kids in the park doing?
__________________________________________________
3
Describe your routine yesterday.
At 9:00 a.m., I was at my grandma’s house. I was having breakfast.
At noon,_____________________________________________________________________.
At 3 p.m., ____________________________________________________________________.
Around 6 p.m.,________________________________________________________________.
At 9 p.m., ____________________________________________________________________.
At this time yesterday,__________________________________________________________.
Listen
4
what these people were doing yesterday:
having
a date
traveling
eating
out
having
friends over
going to
college
James
Anne
Mike
Charlie and
George
Susan and
Teresa
10
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
5
Look at the pictures. Where were these people? What were these people doing yesterday?
Use the verbs in the box
dance | exercise outdoor |
visit a friend | have fun
take a nap | take care of | have dinner | cook lunch | get married
What were you doing?
I was surfing on the net.
What was she doing?
She was talking on the phone
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
11
6
Complete the sentences with information about yourself:
During my childhood, I...........................................................
I met my best friend while......................................................
Two years ago, ........................................................................
Last night, ..............................................................................
I met my sweetheart while ................................................
I got my first job when ...........................................................
mar
Gram
7
Past Continuous
x
Simple Past
I was working at a
boring job when a best
friend offered me a
much better one.
While I was waiting in
the line, a reporter asked
me a question.
Pair work: Ask the questions below then write your partner’s answer.
What were you doing last night?
What were you doing yesterday afternoon?
What were you doing this morning at 6 A.M.?
Was it raining last Friday?
Were you studying English last Monday?
Were you going out with friends last week?
Listen
8
to a couple arguing and complete with True or False:
1. Alex saw Tracy yesterday. 2. Tracy was very angry.
3. Alex called Trace yesterday.
4. Alex worked a lot yesterday.
5. Tracy was worried about Alex.
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
Listen
to the conversation again and complete the gaps.
Alex: Hi dear, is everything okay?
Tracy: Well, I don’t think so. Why didn’t you drop by yesterday?
Alex: Oh... well, because I ___________ have the time. I’m so sorry sweetie, but it
___________ such a busy day.
Tracy: Really? What ___________ you doing yesterday? You didn’t even call me.
Alex: My phone ______________________ and I had a lot of things to do in the
company.
Tracy: I was really worried about you. What ___________ you ___________
at night? I ______________________ to see you.
Alex: Sorry again, but I thought you____________________ baby. Besides,
it ___________ very late.
Tracy: I hope it will never happen again, otherwise I’ll be the busy one.
12
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Dialogue
Luke:
Charlie:
Luke:
Charlie:
Luke:
Charlie:
Hey, Charlie! Are you ok?
I’m a little sad… Do you remember that travel to Montreal?
Yes, sure! Is it this weekend?
No, actually, it was last weekend.
Was it good?
Well… let me explain: First, I set my alarm clock to 7 a.m., but I don’t know
what happened. It didn’t go off! Lucky me that a cat was passing on the
street otherwise my dog wouldn’t have barked. I woke up with their noise.
When I looked at the time … I was late, so I got dressed as fast as I could.
While I was brushing my teeth, the telephone rang. It was Patrick. He said
that the bus was leaving, so I rushed to the station, but in the end the bus
wasn’t there anymore, so I missed it.
Luke: I’m so sorry.
Charlie: Me too.
1
Pair work: Tell your friend about your last vacation.
Use the linking words on the right to make your
story more complete. Don’t forget to mention:
•Where you went.
•How long you stayed there.
•What happened there.
•How your vacation ended.
•If it was a good experience.
Beginning
Middle
Chain Stories
2
End
So
Then
First.... then
After that
Suddenly
In fact
Before that
Meanwhile
While
Otherwise
Nevertheless
However
Because
But
In the end
Finally
However
Because
But
In the end
Finally
Write a short story about what happened to you. Add two false sentences.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3
Work in pairs. Tell your partner your story and let him/her guess the false sentences.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
13
4
Complete the sentences:
1. I ___________ (was getting / got) my first temporary job while I _______________
(studied / was studying) at the university.
2. My brother ___________ (was skating/ skated) when he ___________ (broke / was
breaking) his leg.
3. Seven years ago, when I was in high school, I ___________ (had / was having) trouble
with math, when my mom ____________ (found / was finding) a private tutor to help me.
4. While I ______________ (drove / was driving) in SP downtown, I _______________
(realized / was realizing) that I was on the wrong side of the road.
5. I _______ (was meeting / met) a really nice guy while I ____________(was running / ran)
in the park.
6. Dinner ____________ (was arriving / arrived) while I ________________(talked / was
talking) on the phone.
7. I _________________ (had / was having) a great dinner when my boyfriend ________
(was proposing / proposed ) to me.
8. Tracy and Mark _________ (met / were meeting) each other while they _______________
(were working / worked) at the same restaurant at the airport.
14
And
But
Because
So
Besides
However
On account of
Therefore
Moreover
Although / Even
though
In order to
Thus
As well as
Whereas
That’s why
Hence
Also / as well
Yet / Still
So that
Consequently
In a addition to
Despite the fact
As / Since
Then
Furthermore
In spite of
Due to / Owing to
That’s why
Not only...
but also
Nevertheless /
Nonetheless
From / For
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
5
Rewrite the sentences substituting the underlined conjunctions for another one of the
same group, DO NOT change the meaning!
a) They didn’t go to the beach because it was raining.
______________________________________________________________________________
b) I have no interest in soccer, so I don’t know much about it.
______________________________________________________________________________
c) My mattress is comfortable, but it’s not soft.
______________________________________________________________________________
d) Charles bought several shirts and a pair of trousers.
______________________________________________________________________________
e) Because they didn’t study, they failed the test.
______________________________________________________________________________
f) He was driving careless, so he didn’t see the red traffic light.
______________________________________________________________________________
g) My computer is not brand new, but it’s working properly.
______________________________________________________________________________
h) Charles and Anna went to Canada to study.
______________________________________________________________________________
i) She got a good job because she speaks English.
______________________________________________________________________________
6
Work in pairs and role play the conversation.
A: Hey, I called you yesterday, but you didn’t answer
the phone.
B: Really? I was home all day. What time did you
call me?
A: I called you around seven o’clock in the morning.
B: I didn’t answer you because I was sleeping.
Why did you call?
A: My friends and I were playing volleyball, so we wanted
to invite you.
B: Did you leave me a message?
A: I tried to, but your voice mail wasn’t working.
B: Well, I hope it’s working now.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
15
7
Be Careful!
Form sentences with the word in brackets, using simple
past or past progressive.
I hurt my leg when I was playing football.
1. (lt / begin / to rain / while we drive / to the stadium.)
mar
Gram
Example: (I / hurt / my leg / when I / play football)
while is always used with
past continuous
________________________________________________________________________________
2. (Maggie / cut her finger / while she / slice tomatoes?)
________________________________________________________________________________
3. (George / take a shower / when the electricity / go off.)
________________________________________________________________________________
4. (Mr Brown / make several phone calls / while the mechanic / repair his car.)
________________________________________________________________________________
5. (You / be scared / when the plane / fly through the storm?)
________________________________________________________________________________
6. (I / be / have a pleasant dream / when the alarm clock / go off.)
________________________________________________________________________________
7. (I / not feel / a slight pain / while the dentist / drill my tooth.)
________________________________________________________________________________
8. (Betty / be walk / along the street / when suddenly / she meet / an old friend.)
________________________________________________________________________________
8
Use simple past or past continuous:
1. This morning John _______ (see) an accident when he ____________ (drive) to work.
2. Last night I ____________ (watch) TV when someone __________ (ring) the doorbell.
3. ____________ (you/see) many Indians while you ____________ (live) in Rondônia?
4. Peter ______ (fall) while he ____________ (skate) and (hurt) ____________ his knee.
5. We ___________ (not go) anywhere on the weekend because it ____________ (rain).
6. I __________ (talk) to Susan while we ____________ (wait) for a bus to go downtown.
7. While Mr. Silva ____________ (paint) the wall, he nearly ________ (fall) off the ladder.
8. When the waiter ____________ (serve) the food, he accidentally ____________ (spill) some
gravy on Mary’s dress.
16
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
10
Listen
9
Look and number the pictures, then listen and check.
Work in pairs and role play the conversation.
A: Did you study English when you were a child?
B: No, I didn’t. I started studying English when I was living in Vancouver.
A: Vancouver? When did you live there?
B: I lived there for six years, from 2000 to 2006.
A: Wonderful! My parents and I were thinking of going there last year, but we changed our
plans.
B: Why did you change your mind?
A: We were going to Canada, but my parents don’t speak English, so we decided to go to a
different place.
B: Really? Well, you must go to Vancouver someday!
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
17
The Princess and the pea
By Hans Christian Andersen
Once upon a time there was once a Prince who wished to marry a real
princess. He traveled all over the world in hopes of finding such a lady, however there was
always something wrong. There were princesses enough, but it was difficult to find out
whether they were real ones. Every time there was something wrong about the ladies. At
last he returned to his palace quite cast down, because he wished so much to have a real
Princess for his wife.
One evening a fearful tempest arose, it thundered and lightened, and the rain
poured down from the sky in torrents. Besides, it was as dark as pitch. All at once they
heard a violent knocking at the door, and the old King, the Prince’s father, went out to
open it. It was a Princess who was standing outside the door.
She was in a sad condition due to the rain and the wind. The water
trickled down from her hair, and her clothes clung to her body. She said she was a real Princess.
‘Ah! we shall soon see that!’ thought the old Queen Mother. However, she said
not a word of what she was going to do. She went quietly into the bedroom, took all the
bedclothes, and put three little peas on the bedstead.
She then laid twenty mattresses one upon another over the three peas, and put
twenty feather beds over the mattresses.
That was the bed the princess was going to spend the night.
The next morning she was asked how she had slept. ‘Oh, very badly indeed!’ she
replied. ‘I have scarcely closed my eyes the whole night. I do not know what was in my bed, but
I had something hard under me, and I am all over black and blue. It has hurt me so much!’
Now it was plain that the lady must be a real Princess, since she had been able to
feel three little peas through the twenty mattresses and twenty feather beds. None but a
real Princess could have had been so sensitive.
The Prince married her undoubtedly and was convinced to have found a real Princess.
Disponível em: <www.hca.gilead.org.il/princess.html> adaptado.
11
Read the text again and find the synonyms for the underlined words.
1. Adhered closely _______________________________________________________________
2. With difficulty / hardly / barely / with no sources___________________________________
3. A black substance _____________________________________________________________
4. Delicate / soft_________________________________________________________________
5. Flowing in drops ______________________________________________________________
6. Finally________________________________________________________________________
7. Depressed / Sad ______________________________________________________________
8. A terrible storm _______________________________________________________________
9. A night table /nightstand________________________________________________________
10. Put_________________________________________________________________________
11. To have bruises all over the body _______________________________________________
18
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Unit 2
Dialogue
Josh: Well, this is my new apartment. This is the living room. It’s larger than my
previous house. Now I can buy a big TV.
Annie: So now you can have a TV room.
Josh: That’s right! That’s the kitchen. I don’t have a dining room and the kitchen isn’t
that big, but I prefer eating on my desk in my office.
Annie: I know. I do it too. How many bedrooms does it have?
Josh: There are two guest rooms upstairs and my bedroom is next to my office.
Living in an apartment isn’t easy. I don’t have a yard, a garden, and my garage is
for one car only. On the other hand, there is a large swimming pool for everybody
in the building.
Annie: What’s the part of the house you like the most?
Josh: Definitely my bedroom. I decorated it myself. There’s a double bed right in the
middle and two night tables on each side of it. There’s a big picture of me on the
wall. I love that armchair on the corner.
Annie: Wow! And what about your bathroom?
Josh: It’s the most relaxing room of the apartment. There’s a bathtub where I have a
long bath, a sink and a round mirror above it.
Annie: I would love to live in a place like this.
Josh: Thanks a lot! Hey, I have an idea. Why don’t you move here with me?
We could share the rent.
Annie: Really? That would be awesome, but I really can’t afford it at the moment.
Who knows in the future?
study
bathroom
house
attic
computer
toilet
shower
desk
bath
microwave
boxes
sink
bedroom
kitchen
living room
window
clock
stairs
bed
sink
fridge
toys
cooker cupboards
pillows
duvet
carpet
floor
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
19
lamp
TV
table
telephone
mirror
chair
door
19
1
study
Interview your partner.
bathroom
house
a) Do you live in a house or in an apartment? toilet
shower
b) How many rooms does it have?
desk
bath
sink
c) How often do you buy furniture?
kitchen
d) How often do you clean it? microwave
e) Do you like cleaning the house?
sink
computer
fridge
2
Listen
4
bedroom
window
bed
pillows
duvet
carpet
floor
Find the parts of the house.
KI TCHEN
LIVING
OFFICE
POOL
ROOM
YARD
Bathroom
BEDROOM
DINING
GARAGE
GARDEN
HALL
3
cooker cupboards
boxes
W
L
L
A
H
L
G
N
E
C
Y
F
V
Y
I
N
A
E
C
B
E
V
A
V
I
K
R
H
I
V
Z
R
I
N
V
P
A
C
F
K
D
N
I
X
P
O
G
T
F
B
G
D
S
M
D
O
E
I
O
O
R
V
E
K
O
L
V
K
C
N
B
A
T
H
R
O
O
M
O
E
C
H
K
M
O
O
R
D
E
B
G
A
R
D
E
N
Y
K
Q
Q
to the conversation and check what Elizabeth’s house is like.
Two bedrooms
Four Bedrooms
A living and a dining room
Just living room
Two bathrooms
A bathroom
Big kitchen
Small kitchen
A garage and a yard
Just a yard
No laundry room
A laundry room
Two-storied house
One-storied house
Number the picture according to the furniture.
1. Couch
5. Fireplace
2. Table
6. Carpet
3. Clock
7. Armchair
4. Picture
20
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
lamp
5
Now look at the picture from exercise 4 and answer the questions:
1. Where’s the lamp?____________________________________________________________
2. Where is the carpet?___________________________________________________________
3. Where’s the fireplace?_________________________________________________________
4. Where is the clock?____________________________________________________________
5. Where are the pictures?________________________________________________________
6
Complete with the right furniture:
1. I watch a movie on the_________________________________________________________
2. I cook lunch on the ___________________________________________________________
3. I wash the dishes in the________________________________________________________
4. I lay the dinner set on the______________________________________________________
5. I sleep on the_________________________________________________________________
6. I put my clothes in the_________________________________________________________
7. I wash my clothes in the _______________________________________________________
Listen
7
to the conversation and write down what furniture they have and what they
don’t have:
They have
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
They don’t have
21
8
Put the chores in the right category, then write sentences using them.
Do
Make
1. ________________________________
The dishes
2. ________________________________
The bed
3. ________________________________
The ironing
The lunch
The dinner
The laundry
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
6. ________________________________
Do the dishes
9
Put the sentences in order.
mar
Gram
1. never / the ironing / my / does / brother
Make the bed
__________________________________________________________
2. always / dinner / my / makes / mother / a great
__________________________________________________________
3. our / Saturday / we / house / every / clean
__________________________________________________________
4. I / the vacuum cleaner / never / use
__________________________________________________________
10
Make up questions based on the underlined words.
1.______________________________________________________________________________
I never clean the microwave.
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
There’s a TV in my living room.
3. _____________________________________________________________________________
I do the shopping on Saturdays.
4. _____________________________________________________________________________
There are five rooms in my house.
5. _____________________________________________________________________________
My wife usually makes the lunch.
22
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
A place of worship
John Halliday had just passed his 50th birthday in 1998 and was working on the
night shift in a dead-end job in a factory, when he was offered the opportunity of looking
after someone’s house – but not just anyone’s, because it was the boyhood home of his pop
hero, Paul McCartney. The tiny terraced house on a council estate in Liverpool might not be
everyone’s idea of heaven, but it was magical to John:
“When I first moved in it was like, Wow, I’m living in Paul McCartney’s house! You
know, the Beatles used to rehearse in this house, they wrote a hundred songs here, some
of them very famous songs, ‘Love Me Do’, ‘From Me To You’, ‘I Saw Her Standing There’.
To me, it was like being in Shangri-la, you know!”
The small house may not look much, but to a lot of people it’s as important as any
cathedral or great mansion.
The simple life
Living in a historical house might seem a good idea, but Paul McCartney’s old house
isn’t exactly spacious, with a living room, dining room, kitchen downstairs and three tiny
bedrooms with a bathroom and toilet upstairs.
But John doesn’t go without his modern appliances. Inside a cupboard, in what looks
like a 1950s kitchen, there is a microwave. He also has a fridge and a CD player in his
bedroom, the only private room in the house.
Speak up September 2005
Britain Special, “A place of worship”
Pag. 30,31 (Adaptado)
1
Read the text again and find the synonyms of the words below:
1. A house that you lived when you were a child______________________________________
2. Similar houses ________________________________________________________________
3. Popular neighborhood__________________________________________________________
4. Huge house___________________________________________________________________
5. Show devotion_________________________________________________________________
6. To recite or repeat in private for experiment and improvement, before a public representation
________________________________________________________________________________
7. A working period_______________________________________________________________
8. A paradise_____________________________________________________________________
9. Durable goods for home or office use_____________________________________________
10. Full of space__________________________________________________________________
11. An eletronic device to cool and freeze food_______________________________________
12. A job with no perspective for future _____________________________________________
13. An eletronic device used for heating up food _____________________________________
14. Kitchen furniture where you put your dishes_____________________________________
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
23
2
Complete the chart with your chores. How often do you do them?
Always
Usually
Sometimes
Rarely
Never
Do the dishes
Do the laundry
Do the ironing
Make the bed
Make lunch
Make dinner
Take the trash out
Take care of the children
Clean the house
Clean the windows
Regular action
3
I do the dishes every day
Now ask your partner about his / her chores.
Obliged action
I have to do the dishes today
mar
Gram
4
Write seven things you are obliged to do using have to or ought to.
1.______________________________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________________________
3.______________________________________________________________________________
4.______________________________________________________________________________
5.______________________________________________________________________________
6.______________________________________________________________________________
24
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Dialogue
1
They are used before the
verbs to change their
meanings.
MODAL VERBS + VERB
Example: I must do it today.
We don’t use the verbs in the
to infinitive case.
I must to do it today
mar
Gram
Rick: Can we have a table for two, please? And could
we sit over there by the window?
Waitress: Sure! Follow me, please!
Rick: May we have the menu? And would you bring
me some water, please?
Waitress: Certainly, sir.
Carol: Can you give us the wine list, please?
Waitress: Yes, here you are … Can I take your order now?
Rick: Could you give us more time to think, we’re not
quite sure yet.
Waitress: Oh, take your time!
Modal verbs
Complete the sentences using can or could:
1. Julian’s an athlete. He ________ run for 20 miles.
2. When I was a kid, I ________ play with my toys all day long.
3. Amanda opened her dance school. She ________ dance very well.
4. Traveling to Europe ________ be very expensive.
5. There ________ be life on other planets.
6. You forgot the car door open. Someone ________ have stolen it.
7. I ________ play volleyball very well.
8. I ________ watch the movie alone, but I’d like if you came with me.
2
Complete the sentences with may or would:
1. I __________ be able to help you with this situation.
2. I ___________ like a ticket to see Star Wars, please.
3. I ___________ have forgotten about our meeting.
4. ___________I come in?
5. ___________ you like a soda?
6. Joanna ___________ be an excellent manager.
7. I ___________ like to be home asleep right now.
8. You ___________ wear only a uniform in the company
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
25
Julia Andrews is studying languages in Canada. She’s having an interview for a job
as a tourist guide.
‘Miss Andrews, how many languages can you speak besides English?’
‘I can also speak Spanish, French and German. I’d like to be able to speak some
Asian language, like Japanese for example, but they don’t teach it at my college.’
‘That’s a pity, because we get a lot of Japanese visitors here in Ontario, actually there
are Japanese tourists everywhere. We really need people who can speak Japanese, but we
couldn’t find any. Although this summer there’ll be lots of German and Spanish visitors as
well, so you’ll be able to practice your Spanish and German. When can you start? Can you
start in May?’
‘I’m sorry, I’m afraid I can’t. I can’t miss college. I won’t be able to start until the end
of term in June.’
Listen
3
to the conversation and check true or false.
They didn’t like the house.
(
) True
(
) False
The bathroom is very sophisticated. (
) True
(
) False
The kitchen is not very big.
(
) True
(
) False
They have to buy another refrigerator. (
) True
(
) False
The house is not expensive.
(
) True
(
) False
(
) True
(
) False
(
) True
(
) False
They must buy a new garage door.
They are not in a hurry to buy the house. 4
Complete the sentences with can, can’t or be able to:
Modal verbs
Abilities in the present we use
can.
Abilities in the past we use
could.
Abilities in the present, past and
future we use be able to.
mar
Gram
1. Ask him, he _________
­­­­­
help you.
2. I ­­­_________ hardly believe it.
3. I’m sorry I won’t __________
­­­
come.
4. She has everything money __________
­­­
buy.
5. Don’t shout, I __________
­­­
hear you very well.
6. How ­­­__________ you possibly imagine that?
7. Will he __________
­­
continue his journey?
8. I’m locked in! I __________
­­­
get out!
9. Once I’ve passed my test I’ll __________
­­­
hire a car.
10. Fortunately, he __________
­­­
open the door before the
car fell into the sea.
26
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
5
Look at the text and complete the gaps with: could, couldn’t, was able to, wasn’t
able to.
Julia finished college on June 12th and she ________________ to start work the next day.
She took a group of Japanese round in Ontario. Most of them ______________
speak English.
At the Niagara Falls one woman dropped her camera. She ________________ see the
camera, but she _______________ reach it. Fortunately, a man _________________
reach it and the camera was water proof.
6
Complete the sentences with should or could.
1. I __________ study more for the text.
2. You __________ sleep at least 8 hours a night.
3. When I was younger I __________ paint better.
4. Maybe I __________ go to the doctor.
5. I __________ have repaired the TV yesterday, but I didn’t. I was tired.
6. You __________ be patient. He is a difficult kid.
7. __________ I use the restroom?
7
Complete the sentences with one of the two choices.
1. You really ___________ watch TV this much. (shall / shouldn’t)
2. She ___________ be at work, she always works at this time. (must / could)
3. Speak up, I ___________ hear you! (can’t / couldn’t)
4. I ___________ hear a word he said. (can’t / couldn’t)
5. Andrew ___________ call his wife urgently. (must / shouldn’t)
6. Thank you for calling Zee Company, how ___________ I help you? (can’t / may)
7. It ___________ happen, but it is very unlikely. (shall / could)
8. Emma ___________ go out tonight, her parents said no. (can’t / may)
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
27
8
Pair work : First, answer the questions and then ask these questions to your classmate and
write down his/her answers.
You
Your partner
1. What could we do to keep
our lives organized?
2. What should we do to
recycle more?
3. What could we do to help
change our country?
4. Should parents control
how the children use the
internet?
5. What else could children
do to have fun?
6. Should teens be allowed to
drive at the age of 16?
7. How old should people
start working?
8. What should we do to live
in a better country?
28
Type and Use
Modal Verb
Examples
Ability
Can, Could
• I can speak English.
• He could run 10 km, now
he has lost practise.
Permission
Can, Could, May
• You can’t go out tonight.
• May I sit here?
• Could you help me?
Advice
Should
Obligation
Must, Have to
Possiblity
Might, May, Could, Can
• You should do your
homework.
• I shouldn’t drink alcohol.
• People mustn’t smoke in
class.
• We don’t have to go to the
party if we don’t want to.
• It might rain today.
• Rachel may come to the
party if she feels better.
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Driving in London. Advice for Brazilian drivers.
When you come to London, remember:
You must drive on the left side.
Drivers and passengers have to wear seat-belts all the time.
You must have an international driving license.
You need to have valid insurance.
You mustn’t overtake on the left on the roads.
You mustn’t drive with more than 0.45 mg of alcohol in your blood.
9
Pair work:
Now write some advice about driving in Brazil for British people.
10
Match each sentence to another with the same meaning:
1. Jack must write a report tomorrow.
a. Jennifer needs to help him, or the report
2. He couldn’t write it yesterday.
will not be finished on time.
3. Jennifer says she can help him
b. Her boss says she is allowed to help Jack.
tomorrow.
c. He will have to write a report tomorrow.
4. She has to help him, or the report
d. She says she will be able to help him
won’t be finished on time.
tomorrow.
5. Jennifer’s boss says she may help Jack.
e. Jack wasn’t able to write it yesterday.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
29
11
1. a)You should study for your test.
b) You must study for your test.
2. a) You mustn’t travel by yourself.
b) You don’t have to travel by yourself.
3. a) It may rain today.
b) It could rain today.
4. a) It may not rain today.
b) It couldn’t rain today.
Listen
12
Do the sentences have the same meaning? If they don’t, explain why.
and check the right alternatives:
Steve got a new job.
Jessica has to move.
Steve lives downtown.
Jessica Knows the city center very well.
Steve and Jessica don’t know each other at all.
Jessica wants a small and cheap place to rent.
Steve thinks Jessica should rent an old place.
In Steve’s opinion the neighborhood around the Millennium mall is not good.
13
Read the problems then give advice, you may use:
should
shouldn’t
must
a) I feel sad and lonely. -You ____________ talk to a friend.
b) I have no money. -You ___________ work harder.
c) I eat too many hamburgers. -You _____________exercise more.
d) We ____________ do our homework because it’s important.
e) Barry has missed the bus. He _____________ be late next time.
f) In England many children ____________ wear uniforms at school.
g) Gary has poor eyesight. He ___________ wear glasses.
30
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Dialogue
Sarah’s husband called her from work, her flight is at 11.30 a.m.
Mark: Sarah! You’re going to miss your plane. You’d better hurry. It’s a quarter to eleven!
Sara: What? I’ll never get to the airport in time! I’d better drive and leave the car there.
Mark: Yes, I think you should! But wait a minute, Waze is showing traffic on the way there.
You ought to take a taxi!
Sara: I think you’re right.
1
Complete with the verbs in the box:
Ought to
Must
Mustn’t
Have to
Shouldn’t
Should
a) If you want to lose weight, you ______ eat pasta, potatoes, white bread or white rice.
b) It’s alright. You don’t _____________ come to Muriel’s wedding if you don’t want to.
c) Stupid boy! You ______________________ play with matches!
d) I don’t hear any news from Elliot for a long time. Maybe I ________ give her a call.
e) You _________ forget your passport. Otherwise they won’t let you on the plane.
f) The weather forecast says this weekend will be fine. We ___________ go on a picnic.
g) You _______________ go there on your own. It’s extremely dangerous.
h) You don’t ____________ come if you don’t feel like it.
i) You ___________ take life so seriously. Relax a bit.
j) Orange juice in cartons are not good for you. You __________ make it yourself.
k) You __________ drink and drive.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
31
2
Rewrite each sentence using the word given, without changing the meaning.
1. It would be a good idea for you to see the dentist. (ought to)
________________________________________________________________________________
2. I’m sure that guy is John because he is here in Paris. (must)
________________________________________________________________________________
3. You ought to wear a warm coat today. (had better)
________________________________________________________________________________
4. It’s possible that I’ll be late. (may)
________________________________________________________________________________
5. It’s forbidden to leave your bike here. (can’t)
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Perhaps I’ll see you on Thursday evening. (might)
________________________________________________________________________________
3
Choose the correct alternative for each sentence.
1. You ___________ smoke in here. It’s forbidden.
a) don’t have to b) can’t
2. ___________get a visa to enter the USA?
a) Do I have to b) Must I?
3. The neighbors ___________be at home, I saw the light on in their bedroom.
a) have to
b) must
4. In my country, men ___________spend one year in the army.
a) must
b) have to
5. You ___________take a taxi, there’s a good bus service.
a) don’t have to b) mustn’t
6. You really ___________go to that restaurant, the food’s awful.
a) needn’t
b) mustn’t
7. She ___________be married, she isn’t old enough.
a) must
b) can’t
8. Everyone’s carrying an umbrella, it ___________be raining outside.
a) must
b) has to
9. Now that the law has changed we ________show our passports when we cross the border.
a)mustn’t
b) don’t have to
10. Students take a long time to learn Russian. It ___________be very difficult.
a) has to
b) must
32
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
How will technology affect our lives in the future?
Some people predict that robots may play a larger role in our ordinary day. For instance,
some families of the future may have a robot in their homes. These robots may prepare the
family meals and tidy the house. They might even look after the young children. Robots
might as well take care of sick people in hospitals.
It will be important to feel comfortable around them, therefore, it must be difficult at
first. In fact, researchers have already been teaching robots to speak, as well as to move like
humans. That’s why, some people believe that robots might behave more like humans in the
future. They might express emotions, such as joy or anger. For all these facts, it is possible
that human-like robots may be part of our lives in the future. One thing is for sure: people
will have to be rich to have one at home to do their chores, at least at the beginning.
1
Choose May or Might:
a) Will you come out for dinner tonight? I __________ come.
b)Paul __________ not come, because he has been working a lot.
c) Will it rain tomorrow? It __________ there are no stars in the sky.
d) How did the rumor start? It __________ have started in a gossip magazine.
e) Where’s Sue? She __________ be at work it’s still 3:00 p.m..
f) Will you come to theater with us tomorrow night? I __________ come, let me check
my calendar
g) Where was Paul this afternoon? I think he__________ have gone to the dentist.
He had a toothache.
h) What is Sally doing on the weekend? I think she __________ be playing soccer.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
33
2
Match the problems with the best advice:
Problems
1. You sat on a park bench that had wet paint on it. You ruined your clothes. There was no
“wet paint’ sign on it.
2. You checked your bank account when you noticed that there was a deposit of $3,000
dollars. You’re sure it was a bank error.
3. You bought an iPhone on sale on the internet. When it arrived it wasn’t working properly.
4. You were not happy with the grade you got in your university course.
5. Your next door neighbor borrowed your mixer. When he returned it, you realized it was
damaged.
6. Your best friend gave you a very expensive gift for your birthday, however you didn’t like it.
Advice
______ You should ask to repair it or ask your money back.
______ You must talk about it, ask him/her to pay for the damage.
______ You should tell the truth about it and ask him/her to exchange it for you.
______ You must make an appointment to see your tutor and talk about it.
______ You should wait until next month to see if they corrected their mistake.
______ You should call the city council ask them to pay for the damage.
34
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
3
Read the sentences and write a piece of advice:
1. Tonight is my husband’s birthday, but I don’t have much money. What can I do?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. I was walking on the street and I found a wallet full of money. What should I do?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. I’m visiting your country. What should I do there?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. If you saw a friend cheating on a test. What would you do?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. My car just broke on the road and I don’t have car insurance. What should I do?
________________________________________________________________________________
4
Read the sentences and analyze their meanings:
1. Ross should call Rachel soon after their first date.
2. Rachel should be happy to get his call.
3. Ross calls but she doesn’t pick up, she must be working.
4. No problem, he can call her back later.
5. Later he tells her they could go out to dinner again.
ction
u
d
e
D
g
Stron
ility
b
i
s
s
Po
6. She says she may be available Friday.
7. Ross asks if he can call her back Friday morning.
8. She says she could be in a meeting, the afternoon is better.
9. Friday afternoon, Ross asks: May I pick you up at 6 p.m.?
10. He must be on time to make a good impression.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
Proba
bility
Permi
ssion
Polite
reques
t
35
Let’s talk
g on
n
i
o
g
e
You’r
mera is
a
c
r
u
n. Yo
s an
vacatio ur friend ha g.
sin
. Yo
broken ra she isn’t u o
t
e
old cam ould you say
What w r friend?
you
You’re buying a cell
phone in a store.
You want to know if
you can
pay by credit card. W
hat
would you say to th
e
salesperson?
on a bus.
g
in
t
t
e
g
e
’r
You
e bus line is
h
t
in
n
o
s
r
e
Ap
ou. What
y
f
o
t
n
o
r
f
pushing in
at person?
h
t
o
t
y
a
s
u
would yo
36
You’re
taxi. Y a passeng
er in a
ou th
i
n
k
the d
is driv
i
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g
too fa river
What
st
would
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river? y to
rist in
You’re a tou
don’t like
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d
n
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.
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hungry.
y
r
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v
,
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e
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You’re
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It’s your
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attenda
nt?
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Unit 3
Dialogue
Be Careful
What’s happening?
(Present Continuous)
Mike: You look miserable. What’s the matter? Have you
What’s happened?
(Present Perfect)
lost your job?
mar
Gram
Jean: No, I haven’t.
Mike: Well then, what’s happened?
Jean: I’ve lost the last episode of my favorite soap opera.
Mike: Is that all? You can’t be serious!
Jean: You have no idea, I have watched this soap opera
since the first chapter, I haven’t lost any episode so far,
and now I’ve missed the last one, I’m so upset!
1
Complete using Have + verb past participle:
live
be
clean
practice
finish
study
buy
cut
Present Perfect
work
Person + Have/Has +
Past Participle verb
1. They __________________ in this company for a long time.
I have always watched this
soap opera.
2. I ________________________ my homework.
3. We ______________________ the room.
4. I ______________________ a new pair of shoes.
I have lost the last episode.
5. They ______________________ to Bahia.
7. We ______________________ in this city very long.
mar
Gram
6. I ______________________ the guitar.
8. I ______________________ for the English test.
9. I ____________________ myself while cooking.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
37
37
2
3
Write the past and the past participle of the verbs below:
Be
_______ _______
Buy
_______ _______
Do
_______ _______
Drink _______ _______
Eat
_______ _______
Feel _______ _______
Find
_______ _______
Get
_______ _______
Go
_______ _______
Have
_______ _______
Make _______ _______
Meet _______ _______
Read
_______ _______
Ride _______ _______
See _______ _______
Sing
_______ _______ Sleep _______ _______
Take _______ _______
Write _______ _______
Come _______ _______
Rewrite the sentences conjugating the verbs in the Present Perfect:
1. You/ do your homework/ already / ? ______________________________________________
2. They / be to Japan /already______________________________________________________
3. I / have a shower / yet __________________________________________________________
4. We / meet Tom/ not/ yet _________________________________________________________
5. You / yet / have / lunch / ? _______________________________________________________
6. They / already / study / for the test / today _________________________________________
7. you / ever / eat / snails / ? _______________________________________________________
Present Perfect
4
Fill in with: have or haven’t
Have you ever seen a Shark?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven’t.
Have they ever ridden a horse?
Yes, they have.
No, they haven’t.
mar
Gram
1. _______ you ever been abroad? No, I ____________ yet.
2. _________ you ever seen a ghost? No, I _________ never.
3. _________ you bought a new shirt? Yes, I _________.
4. _________ you done your homework? No, I _________ yet.
5. _________ they already bought their house? No, they _________.
6. _________ we completed our project? Yes, we ________ .
7. _________ they already traveled by plane? No, we _______ never.
38
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
5
Look the dialogue and underline the present perfect:
Julia has just met a friend in the shopping mall.
Julia: Hi, Carol. How are you? Have you found a job yet?
Carol: No, not yet. I’ve applied for a job for five companies so far, but I haven’t had
any replies yet.
Julia: I’ve just seen an advertisement on a web page. They’re looking for a shop assistant.
Carol: That’s right, I have already sent them my résumé.
Julia: Oh Carol, I’ve gotta go now, bye, and good luck!
Carol: Thanks, bye!
6
Complete with since, for or just:
Since / For / Just /
How long... ?
1. We’ve lived here ___________ 1994.
2. I’ve dated Susy ___________ five years.
3. I’ve been here ___________ thirty minutes.
5. We have _________arrived here.
6. I’ve worked there___________ a long time.
mar
Gram
4. I’ve been here___________ two days.
7. I’ve moved___________ 23rd August.
How long have you lived
in this city?
I have lived here since 1992.
I have lived here for 20 years.
I have just moved in...
Present
Perfect
For
Recently
Since
Once
10. I’ve already read this book ___________ many times.
Already
Twice
11. I’ve been here waiting for you ________ two o’clock.
Yet
Three times
12. I’ve waited them___________ hours.
Just
How Long
13. I haven’t eaten meat___________ then.
Ever
Since when
Never
This morning
8. I haven’t seen her ___________ Wednesday.
9. I have _____ moved to this town.
14. We haven’t seen them___________ last year.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
Lately
39
7
Circle the mistakes then rewrite the sentences:
1. We has just met Helen._________________________________________________________
2. They have buy their books.______________________________________________________
3. She have already been to China._________________________________________________
4. I did just cut my hand. _________________________________________________________
5. She has saw that movie several times. ____________________________________________
6. Has you ever played bingo?______________________________________________________
7. James haven’t done his homework yet.____________________________________________
8. Carly has already went to Rio for the week.________________________________________
8
Complete this e-mail to a friend.
You may use: has/have + verb past participle
@
T
Dear John,
Many things _______________________ ( happen) since I saw you last
Summer. Julie went to England in September. She _______________________
( not / write) to me since then. Mike is working in a coffee shop near here.
He _________________ ( be) quite busy lately, he’s studying in the evening
and I _______________ ( not / see ) him much. Sorry I __________________
(not / be) in touch before. I ________________ (not / have ) much free time
recently. What about you? ______________ you ___________ (do) anything
interesting these days?
Send me news. We all miss you here!
Jennifer
40
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Jokes
• Doctor, I’m very nervous. This is the
first time I’ve ever needed an operation.
• Don’t worry, I feel the same.
This is the first operation I’ve ever
performed.
• Have you ever swum in the hot sun?
• Don’t be stupid. I only swim in the sea.
• It was my husband’s birthday yesterday and he said: “Take me somewhere I’ve never been before.”
• So where did you take him?
• Into the kitchen!
to decided
e
v
a
h
I
,
er.
• Dad
train driv
a
e
m
o
c
be
inly n, I certa
o
s
,
ll
e
ay.
W
•
in your w
d
n
a
t
s
’t
won
• Have you been to America before?
• No. This is my first time.
• Did you know that
Christopher Columbus
found America?
• Really? I never knew it
was lost!
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
?
at is this
h
W
!
r
e
it
• Wa
. I n soup.
has been
• It’s bea
it
t
a
h
w
care
w.
• I don’t
t it is no
a
h
w
w
o
n
k
want to
• Have y
ou ever
su
really
bad hea ffered from a
dache?
• Yes, q
uite oft
en.
• What
do you
do a
• I stick
my head bout them?
through
windo
w and t
a
he pane
disappe
ars!
• You
kn
scie ow, British
nt
inve ists have
nt
• Rea ed a robot
lly? W
hat d doctor.
ope
oes it
rate o
n?
• Bat
teries
, I thin
k.
• This is a very good coat. It is made from the best wool.
• Can I wear it in wet weather?
• Of course, madam. Have you ever come
across a sheep with an umbrella?
?
o you do
• What d
ailor.
• I’m a s
ked on a
r
o
w
r
e
v
ou e
• Have y
ine?
submar
with the
p
e
le
s
’t
n
• No. I ca
was
• Dr. Rajdish
closed.
s
w
o
d
in
w
one of his
passing by
the street.
patients on
Merton. • Hello, Mrs.
visited me You haven’t
for ages.
• Doctor, my son has tor.
• I know, doc
swallowed a bullet.
k.
I’ve been sic
• Well, don’t point him at me!
41
Listen
1
to the conversation and check what the characters have done:
Go to Las Vegas
Travel by plane
Go camping
Go fishing
Emma
Zack
2
Pair work . Ask your partner about his/her life experience :
Have you ever
fallen in love?
Yes,
I have.
42
No,
I haven’t.
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
3
Answer the questions below about yourself:
1. What have you done lately?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. What TV shows have you seen recently?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. What kind of books have you read these days?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. What kind of movies have you watched lately?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Where have you been?
________________________________________________________________________________
4
Put the sentences in order:
1. lately / have / you / movies / any good / seen / ?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. how long / worked / you / there / have / ?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. written / they / to me / haven’t / recently
________________________________________________________________________________
4. since 1999 / in the band / have / played / they
________________________________________________________________________________
5. we / been / sick / for / have / two weeks
________________________________________________________________________________
6. I / seen / Susan / haven’t / since / last week /
________________________________________________________________________________
7. you / checked / your emails / have / recently /?
________________________________________________________________________________
8. I / new clothes / haven’t / bought / any / I lost my job / since
________________________________________________________________________________
9. They / hard / worked / have / recently
________________________________________________________________________________
10. We / read / any good books / haven’t / lately
________________________________________________________________________________
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
43
5
Write sentences to the questions to complete the dialogue:
1. Where’s the sales report? I need it for the meeting.
______________________________________________________ (our boss / already / take / it)
2. Don’t forget to call your mom.
_________________________________________________________ (I / phone / her / already)
3. Have you read the chapter for tomorrow’s class?
____________________________________________________________(I / not / read / it / yet)
4. Have you heard about the earthquake in Chile?
_____________________________________________(I / read /already / the news on the net)
5. Has the math teacher already given us the homework?
___________________________________________________________ (yet / she / not / arrive)
6. Have you already heard that story about Jack?
___________________________________________________________ (Mike / me / tell / just)
7. What’s the matter with you? Why are you so sad?
__________________________________________________ (my girlfriend / dump / me / just)
8. Have you already met the new neighbor?
________________________________________________________ (I / yet / have / not / time)
Listen
6
and complete:
1) Has Sally ever traveled abroad?
________________________________________________________________________________
2) What did Sam do in Brazil?
________________________________________________________________________________
3) How was Sam’s experience?
________________________________________________________________________________
4) What extreme sport has Sally tried?
________________________________________________________________________________
44
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Sports
Skateboarding
Mountainbiking
Slacklining
Climbing
Parkour
Windsurfing
Scuba diving
Stand up
paddle boarding
Water rafting
Snowboarding
Bungee Jumping
Parachuting
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
45
1
Read and complete the correct extreme sport:
1. It is a Urban Sport. It was developed and practiced in the trees and Forests of France as
well as in the cities. It consists of overcoming obstacles.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. It is a popular growing sport that involves the participant balancing on a tensioned piece
of nylon webbing.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. It is a popular sport. The boats are made up of groups of people with a guide inside it,
everyone is seated along the sides of the boat and there are foot straps in the bottom of it to
help to keep the balance.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. It is an extreme sport involving jumping or leaping from a bridge, building or other high
structure, usually to a river or harbor. Participants are securely attached to an elastic rope
and they enjoy the thrill of their fall down. ________________________________________________________________________________
5. It is the sport of sailing while standing on a sailboat.
________________________________________________________________________________
2
Pair work.
• Which sport do you think is the most dangerous?
• In your opinion, why would people want to do these sports?
• Which extreme sport is more common in your country?
• Have you ever tried any extreme sport? If so, which one?
Listen
3
to the conversations and answer the questions.
1. Where has Allan traveled to?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Who has he gone with?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. What extreme sports has Allan tried?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. How long has Allan stayed there?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Has Allan liked the food?
_______________________________________________________________________________
46
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
4
Fill in the gaps with the simple past tense or present perfect of the verbs in parentheses:
1. Peter ________________________ football yesterday. (Play)
2. They _________________________ the car. It looks new again. (Clean)
3. Last year we _____________________ to Italy. (Go)
4. John and Peggy ___________________ the book. Now they can watch the film. (Read)
5. I _____________________ my friend two days ago. (Meet)
6. We ___________________ another country before. (Visit)
7. She __________________ a new car in 2005. (Buy)
8. I’m sorry, but I __________________ my homework. (Forget)
9. _____________ you ______________ the game of chess? (Win)
10. The girls ______________________ their lunch yet. (Eat)
Present Perfect
• [ has/have + past participle]
Action
happened at an
unspecified time
before now
• I have seen that movie
before.
• He has traveled to China
many times.
Simple Past
Specific time
expressions:
yesterday, one year
ago, last week,
when I was five,
that day, when we
lived in Milan, etc.
vs
[Verb + ed] or irregular verbs
Action
started &
finished at a
specified time
before now
Unspecific time
expressions:
• I saw a movie last night.
ever, never,
• Last year, he traveled
already, yet, just,
to China.
once, many times,
before, several
times, so far, etc.
mar
Gram
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
47
Dialogue
The manager of the local newspaper is interviewing Chris for a job.
Manager: Have you always lived in Paulista avenue?
Chris: No, I haven’t. I have lived in Arujá all my life, I have just moved here, because
here there are a myriad of opportunities for my area.
Manager: Oh I see, have you ever worked on a newspaper before?
Chris: No, I haven’t. I’ve done a few part-time jobs so far,
but I’ve never worked on a newspaper.
Manager: Have you ever worked in an office?
Chris: Unfortunately no. I’ve had some jobs in shops and restaurants, but I’ve never worked
in an office before.
I can see your English is fluent, have you traveled much? Have you ever lived
abroad?
Chris: Well, I have traveled on vacation, but I have never lived abroad.
Manager: So, how can you be useful for our newspaper?
Chris: I have done some work for some news websites, I have studied in one of the most
important colleges of Journalism, and my English is quite fluent because I have
studied a lot!
Manager: Nice, so far so good, we will be in touch as soon as we make up our minds.
Chris: Thank you very much sir, I appreciate the opportunity!
5
Pair work. Talk about your life
experiences :
• Have you ever got nervous on
an interview?
• Have you ever complained
about your boss?
• Have you ever worked on an
unpleasent place?
• Have you ever quit any job ?
48
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Unit 4
Dialogue
Interviewer: So, I can see here that you’ve been working as a secretary for quite a while.
What makes you want to stay in this profession?
Interviewee: Probably it’s because I enjoy the challenge of doing many things at the same time.
I am a multitasker.
Interviewer: That is really necessary here, I can assure you that. How do you usually handle the
stress of having so many things to do at the same time?
Interviewee: I have been working hard for that, I believe that being organized is the most
important quality to have. I assign the things that need to be done first versus the
things that can wait for a short amount of time. I keep my desk and my computer
quite orderly. It has been working right for me.
Interviewer: Have you ever had to deal with a difficult manager? If so, how did you handle it?
Interviewee: Not that I can remember, definitely no, I have never had anyone who has been too
difficult. Although, once I had a manager who was moody. Everybody was aware of his
mood that day, but I have a good sense of humor, so there was no problem to deal with him.
Interviewer: What have you been planning for your career in five years from now?
Interviewee: I have been hoping to be the secretary of the CEO one day.
Interviewer: How much do you expect to earn?
Interviewee: I understand that the average salary for someone with my skills and experience is
over $50,000 a year. I would like something like that.
Interviewer: How would you describe yourself in one sentence?
Interviewee: I am an ambitious, energetic and pragmatic person.
Interviewer: Hmm, it looks like you have the
best of both worlds. Can you tell me why you are leaving your present position?
Interviewee: I am a person who welcomes changes, I am ready for a new challenge. I have
been working at my present job for five years, and unfortunately there are no more
possibilities to thrive. From what I´ve heard about your company, I believe I’ll have
more opportunities, more challenges to excel my abilities. I am positive that I can be
of great value for the company.
Interviewer: I hope so. Thank you so much for coming in and we will get in touch by next week.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
49
49
1
Present Perfect Continuous
Pair work, interview your partner:
How long have you been working in this company?
Why do you want to leave your current job?
Why did you quit your last job?
What are your responsibilities in your job
Describe a typical work day at your current job?
How many hours a day do you normally work in your
present job?
• Have you ever worked over time?
2
I have been working at my
present job for five years
Now, use the prompts from the box to interview your partner:
Personal
information
3
Subject + have/has + been
+ verb + ing
mar
Gram
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hobbies/
preferences
Family
Job
experience
Skills
Read the sentences and check the uses of present perfect continuous :
A
a) I have been looking forward to
seeing that play.
B
( ) to justify a present situation.
b) I am soaking. It has been raining all day. ( ) to talk about new habits or temporary
activities.
c) She has been having the cramps.
( ) to apologize for a bad behavior.
d) Go talk to her! She has been waiting for ( ) to complain about an unfinished
action or an action that finishes at the
you since lunch.
moment of speaking
50
e) I’ve been working for this company for
only two weeks, it’s just a temporary job.
( ) to talk about an action that started
in the past and has continued up
to the present.
f) He has been playing soccer
professionally for two years
( ) to talk about health problems.
g) I’m sorry, I’ve been acting like a fool.
( ) to express desires, hopes and plans.
h) 1. Sorry, we can’t deliver the goods today.
2. You’re kidding. I have been waiting for
them the whole day!
( ) to talk about an unfinished action, to
emphasize the duration of the action.
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
4
Check the topics according to their importance on a job interview:
(1) not important
(2) interesting
( ) expectations
( ) love life
5
(3) very important
(4) must have
( ) last jobs ( ) hobbies
( ) professional qualities ( ) abilities ( ) family
( ) professional flaws
( ) former bosses ( ) expectations
( ) wage
( ) dreams
Complete the conversation. Use the simple or continuous form of the verb in the simple
present, present perfect or simple past. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1. What _____ you _________ (do) for fun lately?
Well, I _______________ (take) kickboxing classes for the past few months.
It’s a lot of fun, and I ___________________ (get) in pretty good shape.
2. Who’s the most interesting person you know?
Well, I _______ (think) my best friend is interesting.
She _________ (live) in Europe for three years.
3. Did you like the movie “Star Wars”?
I don’t know. I (see, never) __________________________ that movie.
4. Sam (arrived) _____________________ in San Diego a week ago.
5. My best friend and I (know) __________________ each other for over fifteen years.
We
still get together once a week.
6. How sad! George (dream) _________ of going to California before he died, but he
didn’t make it. He (see, never) ____________________ the ocean.
7. What _______ you _____________ for a living?
Actually, I ______________(not work) right now. I _________ (look) for a job for six
month, But I _________________ (not find) anything yet.
6
Pair work.
•
•
•
•
•
•
How long have you been living here?
Have you ever lived in another country?
What kind of music are you listening to currently?
What’s your favorite way of spending an evening? What do you do?
What did you do for your last birthday?
What’s the nicest thing anyone has ever done for you?
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
51
Listen
7
to the conversations and check the correct answer:
1. Diane: What kinds of movie have you been watching lately?
What kind of movies you have be watching lately?
Jonh: Well, mostly I have watched action movies.
Well, mostly I have been watching action movies.
I usually watch three or four action movies a month.
I usually watched three or four action movies a month.
Actually, I watched a great action movie last night.
Actually, I watch a great action movie last night.
2. Lana: Have you ever lived in another country?
Have you ever live in another country?
Josh: Yes, I have lived in two other countries.
Yes, I’ve lived in two other countries.
I lived in Canada for three years after I left college,
I’ve lived in Canada for three years after I left college,
I have been lived in Canada for three years after I left college and I
lived in Kenya until last June.
3. Claire: You look Great. What’s your secret?
Joey: Thanks. I have been eating a lot of vegetable and whole grains lately
Thanks. I am eating a lot of vegetable and whole grains lately.
And I always eat six small meals a day. I just ate a salad for lunch.
And I always eats six small meals a day. I just have eat a salad for lunch
4. George: How long have you been writing poetry?
How long have you been write poetry?
Liza: Um... I guess I have been writing poetry about four years.
Um… I guess I’ve writing poetry about for years.
52
I write almost every day if I can.
I have written almost every day if I can.
Yesterday, I wrote for almost three hours nonstop!
Yesterday, I write for almost three hours nonstop!
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
8
Complete these sentences. Are any of them true for you? Tell a partner.
1. I’ve been ____________ hard recently, so I haven’t been out much.
2. I’ve _______ going out a lot with some friends from school.
3. I’ve been taking English classes ______ a few years now.
4. I’ve known my best friend ______ I was in high school.
5. I haven’t seen some of my friends ______ ages.
9
Pair work.
• Have you been…
• eating out a lot recently?
• listening to any good music lately?
• spending a lot time on the internet?
• going anywhere interesting on the weekends?
• spending much time with your family lately?
• getting any exercise recently?
Ex: A. Have you been eating out a lot recently?
B. Actually, yeah. I’ve been eating out almost every night.
A. Really? I haven’t eaten out in ages. So, where have you been going?
Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect
Use the present perfect continuous
for an ongoing or repeated activity
that started before now and
continues into the present.
Use the present perfect to show
the results of an activity or how
many times it has happened.
What have you been doing lately?
I’ve been going to a pottery class.
Who has she been seeing?
She’s been seeing a guy from work.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
What things have you made so far?
I’ve made eight vases and two bowls.
How many times have they
gone out together?
They’ve been out three
or four times.
53
Dialogue
Dialogue 1
Lewis:
Ella:
So, what have you been doing since I saw you last?
Studying. That’s pretty much it. I haven’t been out in
weeks. How about you?
Lewis:
Same here. I’ve been studying a lot for the finals
every night. Uh…. Do you have time to grab a
bite to eat?
Dialogue 2
Emily:
I haven’t seen you in ages! What have you
been up to?
Maya:
Well, you won’t believe it, but I’ve been going out with
a guy from the gym. We’ve gone out three or four
times now, so I guess it’s getting pretty serious.
Dialogue 3
Billy:
What have you been up to recently? I haven’t
seen you at the gym.
Emma:
Billy:
Well, I’ve been going to French class since January.
French… really! So, how many new words have
you learned?
Emma:
So far just some expressions to travel, but I’ve worked
hard to learn it!
Dialogue 4
John:
Hey, good to see you. I see you’re still doing
martial arts, it’s karate, isn’t it?
Amy:
John:
Oh, yeah, it is.
How long have you been doing that? About three
years or so?
Amy:
John:
54
Actually, for nine years now.
Wow! That’s impressive.
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
1
Now, with your partner, practice the dialogues on page 54 and change them with some
real information.
2
Listen
3
Create a new dialogue with your partner using present perfect continuous.
Listen to the conversation and answer the following sentences with true (T) or
false(F):
1. April and Adam already know each other. (
2. Adam is a police officer. (
)
)
3. April wants to get into the police academy. (
4. Adam is married. (
)
5. Adam wants to go out with April. (
6. April is married. (
)
)
7. April has a free schedule this weekend. (
4
)
)
Create questions to a classmate and find out what he/she has been doing.
1. Wake up early
_______________________________________________________
Have you been waking up early lately?
2. Work out
_______________________________________________________
3. Have problems
_______________________________________________________
5. Have fun
_______________________________________________________
6. Study for a test
_______________________________________________________
7. Speak Spanish
_______________________________________________________
8. Clean the house _______________________________________________________
5
9. Cook
_______________________________________________________
10. Work
_______________________________________________________
Work in pairs and ask these questions to a classmate.
Example: Have
you been waking up early lately?
Yes, I have or No, I haven’t.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
55
6
What has your partner been doing lately? Guess what he/she has been doing them check
the answers:
My guess
My classmate’s
answers
1. ... seen any good movies lately
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
2. ...played any good games lately?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
3. ...been learning to drive?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
4. ...been playing soccer?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
5. ...been taking Spanish lessons?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
6. ...been looking for a job?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
7. ...been sleeping a lot?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
8. ...been hanging out with friends?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
9. ...been saving money?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
10. ...been to the mall this weekend?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
11. ...been to a birthday party this week?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
12. ...been studying English this week?
Yes/ No
Yes/ No
Has your partner...
• Now, change your partner and tell him/her what your last partner has been doing.
7
Answer the questions about yourself:
1. Have you been going to the theater lately?
________________________________________________________________________________
2.Have you been eating too much sugar recently?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Have you been working a lot these days?
________________________________________________________________________________
56
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Dialogue
Ashley:
You’re pretty sunburned.
Bethany:
Yes, I am, aren’t I? I spent most of the time on the beach.
Ashley:
But white people don’t get brown very easily,
do they?
Bethany:
Special cases
I am wrong, aren’t I?
That’s amazing, isn’t it?
There’s something else, isn’t
there?
Everybody believes in horoscopes, don’t they?
No, mostly we get red, so we have to wear hats and
T-shirts and lots of sunscreen.
Ashley:
Yes. Everybody should be worried about skin cancer,
Question-tags with
imperative
shouldn’t they?
Bethany:
Ashley:
Bethany:
Ashley:
Bethany:
Bethany:
But tell me, you didn’t see any sharks, did you?
No, no sharks. Good riddance!
The beaches are pretty clean, aren’t they?
Yes. They are, and the water is so crystal clear!
Yes, I’ve heard about it. But it is a very expensive place
to go, isn’t it?
Ashley:
Bethany:
Yes, pretty much, yet it’s worth the trouble!
I guess so! Look, it’s late! You have to leave any minute
now, don’t you?
Ashley:
Bethany:
Ashley:
Bethany:
1
Say everything, will you?
Don’t say that, will you?
Let me see, will you?
Let’s go now, shall we?
Yes, I did, it’s a wonderful place!
Dear Lord, that’s true, time flies, I’d better go now!
Let’s catch up any other time, shall we?
Sure, let’s call it a date, bye! Call me, will you?
Yes, of course, bye, see you soon!
Complete with the correct question-tag:
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
• Emma is very strong, isn’t she?
• You haven’t lived abroad,
have you?
• Robert was tall, wasn’t he?
• Robert wasn’t tall, was he?
• Louise will explain it,
won’t she?
• Louise won’t explain it,
will she?
• Drivers drive carefully,
don’t they?
• Drivers don’t drive carefully,
do they?
• The singers sang well,
didn’t they?
• The singers didn’t sing well,
did they?
mar
Gram
1. It doesn’t rain very often in Mexico, _______________?
2. People don’t like to be criticized, ___________?
3. The students didn’t like my position, _____________?
4. Your car is blue, ____________?
5. Your CDs were new, __________?
6. Your parents like traveling, __________?
7. All the players played well, ______________?
8. I am not right, __________?
9. I’m doing my job regularly, ______________?
10. Shut the windows for us, ____________?
mar
Gram
Ashley:
Yes. It seems so. You went to Recife, didn’t you?
57
2
Match the sentences to the right tag:
1. Don’t leave me alone,
2. That’s all, folks,
3.
There were tourists everywhere, 4.
All the nations will be free someday, 5. Everybody is a bit crazy
6. Let’s see what happened, 7. You haven’t eaten raw fish, ­­­­­­­­­­
8. She has never been abroad, 9. I am screwed, 10. You went to the USA last year,
3
•shall we?
•didn’t you?
•will you?
•aren’t I?
•isn’t it?
•has she?
•won’t they?
•weren’t there?
•have you?
•aren’t they?
Complete the conversation with tag questions.
A: You’ve heard of Harry Styles, _______________?
B: I think so. He sings with One Direction, ___________?
A: Yeah. He’s their lead singer.
B: Right. They’re not American, ____________________?
A: No, they’re British. I love their music. They’re a great band, ________________?
B: Oh, yeah. They’ve raised a lot of money for charity, too, _____________?
I mean, they do a lot of charity concerts and stuff, ______________________?
A: Yeah. I went to one. It was amazing.
Listen
4
to the sentences and write the correct question tags.
a) That’s your favorite movie, _____________ ?
b) You don’t have any children, _____________ ?
c) Your brother went to England last year, _____________ ?
d) Your parents will buy a new house, _____________ ?
e) Oh my! You’re so sick. You’re not going to school today, _____________ ?
f) Emily didn’t come to work yesterday, _____________ ?
g) Your mother can’t drive, _____________ ?
h) She doesn’t have a car, _____________ ?
i) You haven’t broken your cellphone again, _____________ ?
j) He’s very good at sports, _____________ ?
k) You’ve been working out, _____________ ?
l) It’s been raining for days, _____________ ?
m) You wouldn’t mind taking me home, _____________ ?
n) Let’s go to the mall, _____________ ?
58
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Dialogue
Short answers
Did I pass the test?
Tom:
Hey Sam, have you heard the last news about Sarah?
Sam:
No, I haven’t.
Tom:
Did you have a meeting with her last week?
Sam:
No, I didn’t.
Tom:
What is going on? Would you like to talk?
Sam:
No, I wouldn’t.
Tom:
You are in a bad mood today, aren’t you?
Sam:
Yes. I am.
Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.
Are you waiting?
Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
Does Jim like swimming?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn’t.
Is Maria reading this?
Yes, she is.
No, she isn’t.
Was it working?
1
Write a short answer for each question.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
Yes / No questions
Present simple
Present continuous Past simple Past continuous
will going to be (present) be (past) Do you like swimming?
Are you reading this?
Did you post my letter?
Were you working?
Will it rain tomorrow?
Are you going to pay me?
Are you American?
Was that your money?
mar
Gram
a) Is David studying French?
Yes, __________________
b) Did it rain yesterday?
No, ___________________
c) Do you like Indian food?
Yes, ___________________
d) Are you having a good time?
No, ___________________
e) Does Mary work here?
Yes, __________________
f) Was Tom bothering you?
No, ___________________
g) Were they having fun at the party?
Yes, ___________________
mar
Gram
Yes, it was.
No, it wasn’t.
59
2
3
Choose the correct responses (1-8) for the questions (a-h).
a) Was Ann driving? 1. Yes, I do.
b) Did you see Tom yesterday? 2. No, he isn’t.
c) Do you know the answer? 3. No, I haven’t.
d) Have you seen this film? 4. Yes, I was.
e) Are you reading this? 5. No, she wasn’t.
f) Were you sitting here? 6. No, she hasn’t.
g) Is George leaving? 7. Yes, I did.
h) Has Helen finished yet? 8. No, I’m not.
Use the prompts and the verb forms in brackets to write questions.
Answer them in the affirmative and negative using short answers.
a) they / work hard (past continuous) Ex: Were they working hard? Yes, they were. / no, they weren’t.
b) you / read a lot (present simple)
c) Tom / write a letter (present continuous)
d) Tina / leave yesterday (past simple)
e) Sam / watch TV (past continuous)
60
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Unit 5
Dialogue
Tony:
Where do you think we should go this year?
Mary:
In
my
opinion,
we
should
go
somewhere
warm.
Some
people
say
Caribbean is a good place to visit. Or maybe we could go cruising.
What do you prefer?
Tony:
I like hot weather, however, I don’t want to go to the beach this year. It’s too hot. I want
to ski this winter. I’d suggest that we go to Europe. We can find a ski resort on a lake.
What do you say?
Mary:
I’d go along with that! we’ve never been to Europe before! I believe that
would be nice.
General
-It is thought that...
-Some people say that...
-It is considered...
-It is generally accepte that...
Agreeing
-Of course.
-You’re absolutely right.
-Yes, I agree.
-I think so too.
-That’s a good point.
-Exactly.
-I don’t think so either.
-So do I.
-I’d go along with that.
-That’s true.
-Neither do I.
-I agree with you entirely.
-That’s just what I was thinking.
-I couldn’t agree more.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
Giving opinion
-It is generally accepted that
polution is a global issue. Some
people say that it will only get
worse and worse.
Speaking for myself, if the
people start taking care of this
matter, It won’t be solved, but it
can get better.
-I Couldn’t agree more! The
population need to wake up
and act. Perhaps if they go to
work using bikes instead of cars,
It would help.
-I’m not sure about that. What
about the industries? Polution is
beyond that. Stopping the cars
won’t stop the problem.
61
Personal
-In my experience...
-As far as I’m concerned...
-Speaking for myself...
-In my opinion...
-Personally, I think...
-I’d say that...
-I’d suggest that...
-I’d like to point out that...
-I believe that...
-What I mean is...
Disagreeing
-That’s different.
-I don’t agree with you.
-However...
-That’s not entirely true.
-On the contrary...
-I’m sorry to disagree with
you, but...
-Yes, but don’t you think...
-That’s not the same thing at all.
-I’m afraid I have to disagree.
-I’m not so sure about that.
-I must take issue with you on that.
-It’s unjustifiable to say that...
61
Formal
Informal
•I personally believe ..........
•From my point of view ..........
•I personally consider ..........
•I don’t think I care for it.
•I personally think /feel ..........
•I think it’s good/nice/terrific..........
•I hold the opinion ..........
•I think that awful/ not nice/ terrible..........
•My own view of the matter is ……
•To my mind ..........
•Well, personally ..........
•I think that..........
•If I had my view, I would ..........
•In my opinion, I would rather..........
Pair Work. Ask your partner’s
opinion.
1
•Do you like hot weather? Why?
•Did you enjoy your childhood ? Why?
•Have you ever traveled abroad? How
was it?
•In my case..........
•What I’m more concerned with..........
•What I have in my mind is..........
•The way I see is that..........
•Not everyone will agree with me, but .......
Asking for opinion:
Formal :
•Have you got any comments on ….. •Do you have any idea?
•Do you have any opinion on ……
•Would you give me your opinion on……….?
•What is your reaction to ……
•What is your opinion about……….?
•What are you feeling about………….?
•What are your views on……….?
•Please give me your frank opinion?
Listen
2
Informal:
•What do you think of….....?
•What do you think about………?
•What is your opinion?
•Why do they behave like that?
•Do you think it’s going …?
•How do you like it?
•How was the trip?
•What do you think of Rene’s idea?
•How do you feel about this decision?
Listen to the conversation and mark true or false:
1. Jessica and Zuri are at a soccer stadium.
2. Jessica likes the girl painting.
3. They both like the mountain art.
4. Zuri really hates the clown.
5. The clown painting makes Jessica feel very well about herself.
6. Zuri didn’t like any paintings.
7. Jessica regretted ever coming to the museum.
62
True
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
False
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Dialogue
Two people are on a flight from Brazil to the USA.
Aria:
Brian:
Aria:
Brian:
Aria:
Brian:
Aria:
Brian:
Aria:
Brian:
Aria:
Brian:
Aria:
Brian:
Aria:
Brian:
Aria:
Brian:
1
It’s a bit bumpy, isn’t it? Is it always like this over Panama?
Yes, I’m afraid so, but don’t worry we’ll be there soon.
I hope so. American time isn’t the same as Brazilian time, is it?
No, I don’t think so. I think they’re two hours behind.
That means it’s half past seven in Miami now.
Yes, I think so.
In Florida the weather’s usually good, isn’t it?
I believe so.
It’ll be nice and warm just like Brazil.
Yes, I expect so. I don’t think it’ll be cold or rainy there.
I hope not. Do you have a street map of Miami?
No, I’m afraid not
Do you think I’ll be able to get one at the airport?
I imagine so.
Do the airport shops close at dawn?
I don’t suppose so.
The problem is though, they won’t accept Brazilian money, will they?
No, I suppose not.
Pair work. Give short answers:
•It won’t take long to get to the USA, will it?
•We won’t be able to go to the hotel at the dawn, will we?
•The weather in Miami is pretty nice, isn’t it?
•The flight to the USA is always bumpy, isn’t it?
•They don’t accept Brazilian money there, do they?
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
63
Janet:
Did you hear they have cameras on all public
buildings now?
Adam:
Yeah. They should be put in all public places.
Janet:
So, you’re in favor of them?
Adam:
Oh Yeah. For a couple of reasons. I mean, first of all,
they’re a good deterrent – people know they’ll get
caught if they cause trouble or whatever. And Second,
they make sure people will pay.
Janet:
Yeah… that’s true.
Adam:
And another thing is, it’s safer for the drivers, especially
late at night.
Janet:
Well, you’ve got a point there. But on the other hand,
intrusive? The things is, it’s like an invasion of privacy –
someone watching you all the time.
Adam:
2
3
Adding ideas:
Another thing is…
Introducing a list:
There are two problems…
Ordinal numbers:
First (of all)… Second
(of all)… Secondly….
Number or letters:
one… two… or A… B…
mar
Gram
don’t you think all these cameras are a little
Giving main ideas:
Well, basically… The point
is… The thing is…
I must admit, I never really thought of it that way.
Organize the ideas from the topic of the conversation about security cameras.
Make a list. Take turns arguing for and against.
For security cameras
Against security cameras
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Do you think there should be security cameras everywhere?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
64
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Listen
4
to the conversation and complete the gaps!
Emily:
Isabelle:
Emily:
Isabelle:
Emily:
Isabelle:
Emily:
Isabelle:
Emily:
Isabelle:
Emily:
Isabelle:
Emily:
We’re going to Orlando. It’s a city, not far from Miami.
_________________, that’s so cool!. I haven’t been to Orlando before.
__________________.
The trouble is they eat a lot of junky food there, and I don’t like it.
_____________ my husband. I hope there are other things to eat at the hotel.
Yes, ________________.
Besides English I’ve been learning Spanish, too.
___________. I bought a little phrase book.
___________. I can say a few words in Spanish now.
_________. But I don’t like speaking latin languages.
___________. It’s too difficult, isn’t it?
Yes it is. It’s our flight, I can’t wait to get there!
_______________!
Positive Sentences
My brother likes pop music,
And me too, or
And so do I, or
And I do, too.
Negative Sentences
My brother doesn’t like pop music,
And me neither, or
And neither do I, or
And I don’t, either.
5
Answer the questions with So or Neither:
1. I’m not superstitious at all! _____________________________________________________.
2. I don’t know many superstitions. ________________________________________________.
3. I was superstitious when I was a child. ___________________________________________.
4. I’ve never found a four-leaf clover._______________________________________________.
5. I am a very lucky person._______________________________________________________.
6. I didn’t know the superstitions about putting shoes on a table._______________________.
7. I also haven’t heard about the salt spilled. ________________________________________.
8. I never pass under a ladder. ____________________________________________________.
9. I have always got up on the right side of the bed. __________________________________.
10. My mom never leaves her purse on the floor. ____________________________________.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
65
Spain
People in Spain believe that Tuesday the 13th and not Friday the 13th is an
unlucky day. Tuesday, which is “Martes” in Spanish, is derived from mars,
which in the Middle Ages was called “little evil”.
China
The number four is considered incredibly unlucky because it sounds very
close to the word for “death.” Some buildings even refuse to have a fourth floor.
Egypt
Owls are said to be unlucky in Egypt, as they bring bad news for the one who
happens to see or hear the bird.
Rwanda and
other parts
of Africa
In Rwanda, women are taught not to eat the meat of goats because eating it
will cause them to grow facial hair. Finland
In Finland (and some other parts of the world), killing a spider means it will
rain the next day.
Senegal
In Senegal, they say to keep your travel plans to yourself. If anyone learns
about your upcoming vacation or move, they say it is destined to be ruined.
France
It’s believed to be good luck to step in dog poop with your left foot, but bad
luck to step in it with your right.
Brazil
It is bad luck to let your wallet or purse touch the floor. If it happens, the
belief is that you will become a poor man.
The USA
and Canada
Portugal
Bulgaria,
Russia and
Ukraine
India
Stepping on a crack is said to be bad luck in parts of North America. Some
even say it might break your mother’s back… It is bad luck to walk backwards because it teaches the devil your path.
It’s actually good luck to have a bird poop on you!
It is said to be bad luck to wash or cut your hair on Thursday or Saturday, and
even worse to clip your nails on Tuesday, Saturday, or at night.
Disponível em: < http://x-culture.org/25-strange-superstitions-from-around-the-world
6
66
Role Play
Are you superstitious? Can you name any superstitious in Brazil? Tell them and explain to your partner.
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Dialogue
Hanna:
Gosh, this smells so good. I’m starving.
Taylor:
So am I. Could you pass the salt?
Hanna:
Sure… Whoops! Oh no, you spilled salt on the table, it’s unlucky to spill salt.
Taylor:
Is It? I didn’t know that. I’ve never heard such a thing!
Hanna:
Neither have I, until I read it on the internet.
Taylor:
Actually, I don’t believe in all that superstitious stuff.
Hanna:
Oh, I do. Now, every time I spill salt I throw a pinch of it over my shoulder.
And I never put shoes on the table.
Taylor:
Well, neither do I. But that’s because it’s gross putting shoes on the table,
they’re dirty.
Hanna:
And I never pass under a ladder I always walk around it.
Taylor:
Oh so do I, but that’s because I’m afraid it can fall over my head!
1
Complete the sentences with the word given.
Example:
I love milk shakes.
So do I.
1. I’m not into exercises. _______________________ (Neither)
2. I want to go home. __________________________ (too)
3. I don’t want to watch that movie._______________________ (either)
4. I’m so tired._______________________ (So)
5. He is so well dressed._______________________ (So)
6. I can lift 50kg._____________________ (too)
7. I wouldn’t like to be in her shoes. _______________________ (either)
8. I’m not a doctor.___________________ (neither)
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
67
Listen
2
and mark true or false. Then, correct the false statements.
Erick
Dave
Monica
Yuki
1. Eric is a kind of vegetarian who is against animal related products
2. Monica should stop smoking.
3. Dave couldn’t live without bacon.
4. Yuki loves her cellphone, she is using instagram now.
5. Yuki is pregnant.
6. Eric believes in love.
7. Monica doesn’t live without fish
8. Eric is shy and he prefers meeting people online.
9. Yuki’s opinion is that her life is going to change a lot. She will have more bills to pay,
a baby, a house…
10. Dave thinks people have different ideas and goals in life and we have to respect them.
Listen
3
to the opinion, do you agree with them?
Give your opinion using the expression you learned.
1.______________________________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
5.______________________________________________________________________________
4
68
Now, in groups express your opinion.
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Movie Reviews
Gravity
This is not a movie I’d recommend. The special effects are OK, and some of the acting is
quite good, but the plot is really hard to follow and by the end, I lost interest.
The last airbender
The first time I watched it I’m afraid I was bored. The visuals are quite nice, the sound is
OK (though the characters’ voices are really annoying!) and the action got really repetitive
really quickly. Overall this movie is a waste of money. Don’t watch it.
Star Wars: the force awakens
To my mind, this is easily the best movie out right now. There’s fighting, shooting, a great
storyline, great special effects and the overall look is really cool. What more could you ask?
The Babadook
I think this is one of the best horror movies I’ve ever seen. The photography is amazing and
the sound is simple but effective. It’s a very tense film and it will scare you but not enough
to keep you awake at night.
5
Read the text about movie reviews and write down the positive words and phrases and also
the negative ones:
6
Now, in groups express your opinion.
7
Work individually. Choose a movie, book, TV show, game or other topic that you like and
prepare a presentation for the class. Don’t forget to use these pieces of information:
What is it?
Where/When did you see it?
Did you like it or not? Why?
What words would you use to describe it?
Review the plot/story
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
69
Extras
Dictionary tips ...................................................................... 72
Verbs ..................................................................................... 74
Conjunction .......................................................................... 78
Make and Do......................................................................... 79
Modal Verbs............................................................................82
Present Perfect tense............................................................. 86
Interview.................................................................................87
Giving opinion........................................................................ 90
False friends........................................................................... 91
Adjectives list......................................................................... 95
Word list ................................................................................102
Songs
Love story............................................................................... 104
Whataya want from me .........................................................105
What I’ve done.......................................................................106
Dictionary tips
b
tea
t
d
day
chair
ʧ
ʤ
f v
m n
θ
ŋ
thin
that
sing
hat
s
l
z
r
Iᵊ
I
ᴐI
p
pen
book
four
very
man
no
h
i I ᶷ u
e ᵊ З ᴐ
æ ᴧ ɑ ᶛ
see
his
put
too
ten
ago
her
saw
hat
but
car
hot
sun
look
ear
ᶷᵊ
pure
vowels
jam
zoo
red
say
boy
long
sounds
k
ʃ
w
g
Ʒ
j
key
go
she
vision
want
yes
ᵊᶷ ᵊ
aᶷ aI
so
air
now
buy
short
sounds diphthongs
unvoiced
voiced
consonants consonants consonants
Discover the dictionary !
A dictionary is our major source of
information about words. To discover the
world of words, let’s learn how to explore the
dictionary.
(1) dis·course1 / (2) / ' dis.kɔ:rs/ (3)n 1[C;U]
FORMAL a long and serious speech or piece
of writing on a particular subject: discourse
on: a powerful discourse on art
1a. [uncount] FORMAL serious spoken or
written discussion of a particular subject
2[uncount] LINGUISTICS written or spoken
language, especially when it is studied
in order to understand how people
72
use language: dis-cov-er/ dI skʌν.ǝ- / v [T] ***
1 to find out something that you did not know
before:
The two men decided to discover the truth for
themselves.
discover (that): He became very friendly when
he discovered that she was my sister.
discover whether: Checks are made to discover
whether applicants have a criminal record.
1a. to find a place, fact, or substance that no
one knew about before:
William Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781.
New antimalarial drugs have been discovered.
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
—> INVENT
1b. to find out about a place or activity that is
new to you:
Why not spend a week discovering the beauty of Sri Lanka?
I have only recently discovered the benefits
of meditation.
2 to find someone or something that was
missing or hidden:
Police discovered his body on wasteland
yesterday.
I finally discovered the letter at the back of
the drawer.
[usually passive] to recognize the ability of
someone such as a writer or performer and
help to make them famous.
dis·cov·er·y / dI ' skʌv.ər.i / (4)n - ies***
(5) 1 [count or uncount] the process of learning something that was not known before,
or of finding someone or something that was
missing or hidden:
The award recognizes distinction in exploration, discovery, and research.
Our country continues to lead the world in
scientific discoveries.
discovery of: Police announced the discovery
of the body late last night.
discovery that: the discovery that the universe is expanding
make a discovery: We made some interesting
discoveries about our own family.
2 [count] something that is found or something new that is learned:
This is one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the century.
3 [count] someone whose ability is recognized
by another person who helps them to become famous:
Gisela is one of Lagerfeld’s latest discoveries.
4 [uncount] LEGAL the process of making
evidence and other documents available to
the people involved in a legal case
This unit is an introduction to the course
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
you’re starting today. One of the aims of this
course is to help you become a more effective
learner of English.
The definitions below are related to the words
given on the previous page.
Entry words – Words divided into syllables and
arranged in alphabetical order. A definition is
listed for each meaning of an entry word.
Pronunciation – The phonetic respelling of the
entry word is usually written between two bars.
Use it with a pronunciation key.
Part of speech – Indicates how the entry word
can be used in a sentence, and lists syntactic
usage. Here you can get to know whether the
word you’re looking for is a noun, an adjective,
a verb, etc.
Word endings – Various word endings including plural form, past and past participle tenses of an entry word.
Definition – A clear, concise statement of the
meaning of the entry word. For words having
multiple meanings, definitions are given for
each meaning. Illustrations may be used to
provide more examples.
You can also find in a dictionary synonyms and
antonyms, there are lots of information in a
dictionary, you can learn a lot and you will improve your vocabulary. Ask your teacher about
a good dictionary you can afford.
Let’s practice!
Now use a monolingual dictionary to answer
the following questions:
1- What is the plural of “ox”?
2- What is the pronunciation for “decisive”?
3- Is the word “gas” countable or uncountable?
4- What is the opposite of “sensitive”?
5- How many syllables are there in “thought”?
6- What part of speech does “late” belong to?
73
Verbs
INFINITIVE
74
PAST
PAST PARTICIPLE
be
was / were
been
beat
beat
beaten
become
became
become
begin
began
begun
bend
bent
bent
bet
bet
bet
bite
bit
bitten
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
bring
brought
brought
build
built
built
burn
burned
burned
burst
burst
burst
buy
bought
bought
can
could
--------
catch
caught
caught
choose
chose
chosen
come
came
come
cost
cost
cost
cut
cut
cut
deal
dealt
dealt
do
did
done
draw
drew
drawn
dream
dreamed
dreamed
drink
drank
drunk
drive
drove
driven
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
feed
fed
fed
feel
felt
felt
fight
fought
fought
find
found
found
fly
flew
flown
forget
forgot
forgotten
forgive
forgave
forgiven
freeze
froze
frozen
TRANSLATION
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
INFINITIVE
PAST
PAST PARTICIPLE
get
got
got / gotten
give
gave
given
go
went
gone
grow
grew
grown
hang
hung
hung
have
had
had
hear
heard
heard
hide
hid
hidden
hit
hit
hit
hold
held
held
hurt
hurt
hurt
keep
kept
kept
kneel
knelt
knelt
know
knew
known
lay
laid
laid
lead
led
led
learn
learned
learned
leave
left
left
lend
lent
lent
let
let
let
lie
lied
lied
lie
lay
lain
lose
lost
lost
make
made
made
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
pay
paid
paid
put
put
put
read
read
read
ride
rode
ridden
ring
rang
rung
rise
rose
risen
run
ran
run
say
said
said
see
saw
seen
seek
sought
sought
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
set
set
set
shake
shook
shaken
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
TRANSLATION
75
INFINITIVE
76
PAST
PAST PARTICIPLE
shine
shone
shone
shoot
shot
shot
show
showed
shown
shrink
shrank
shrunk
shut
shut
shut
sing
sang
sung
sink
sank
sunk
sit
sat
sat
sleep
slept
slept
slide
slid
slid
smell
smelled
smelled
speak
spoke
spoken
spell
spelled
spelled
spend
spent
spent
spin
span
spun
spit
spat
spat
split
split
split
spread
spread
spread
spring
sprang
sprung
stand
stood
stood
steal
stole
stolen
stick
stuck
stuck
sting
stang
stung
strike
struck
struck
swear
swore
sworn
swim
swam
swum
swing
swang
swung
sweep
swept
swept
take
took
taken
teach
taught
taught
tear
tore
torn
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
throw
threw
thrown
understand
understood
understood
wake
woke
woken
wear
wore
worn
weep
wept
wept
win
won
won
write
wrote
written
TRANSLATION
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
cleaned
cooked dinner
did homework
drew a picture
ate dessert
went shopping
came to school
listened to music
made a snowman
played the piano
played video games
read a book
took a test
used a computer
watched TV
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77
Conjunctions
And
When Tom went to the bookstore, he bought a notebook and several pens.
When Tom went to the bookstore, he bought a notebook; he bought several pens as well.
When Tom went to the bookstore, he bought a notebook as well as several pens.
When Tom went to the bookstore, he bought a notebook; he also bought several pens.
Not only did Tom buy a notebook, he also bought several pens.
Besides buying a notebook, Tom bought several pens.
In addition to buying a notebook, Tom bought several pens.
But
Our players did their best but they lost the game.
Our players did their best; yet, they lost the game.
Our players did their best; however they lost the game.
Although / Even though our players did their best, they lost the game.
Despite the fact / In spite of the fact that our players did their best, they lost the game.
Our players did their best; still, they lost the game.
Our players did their best, nevertheless / nonetheless, they lost the game.
Because
OHe was late because he missed the bus.
He missed the bus, that’s why he was late.
I put on my coat, for it was cold.
As / Since I wasn’t thirsty, I didn’t drink anything.
We cancelled our trip on account of the rain.
The patient was saved due to the doctor’s prompt action.
He failed the test owing to his lack of interest.
Millions of people have died from aids.
He only said that to / in order to fool me.
I put on a heavy woolen sweater so that I wouldn’t feel cold.
So
Mary felt tired and sleepy, so she went to bed.
Mary felt tired and sleepy, that’s why she went to bed.
A definitive cure for cancer hasn’t been found yet; therefore, research work will go on.
The company’s profits have fallen; thus, it cannot raise the salaries of its employees.
I have no interest in astrology; consequently / hence, I don’t know much about it.
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Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Make and Do
Basic difference between do and make
Use DO for actions, obligations and repetitive tasks.
Use MAKE for creating or producing something, and for actions you choose to do.
DO generally refers to the action itself, and MAKE usually refers to the result. For example,
if you “MAKE BREAKFAST”, the result is an omelet! If you “MAKE a suggestion”, you have
created a recommendation.
Common English collocations with do
HOUSEWORK & ERRANDS
Do the housework – After I got home, I was too tired to do the housework.
Exception: Make the bed = putting blankets, sheets and pillows in the correct place so that the
bed looks nice and not messy.
WORK /STUDY
DO Homework – I can’t go out this weekend – I have to do some work on an extra project.
TAKING CARE OF YOUR BODY
DO exercises – I do at least half an hour of exercise every day.
GENERAL GOOD OR BAD ACTIONS
DO anything / something / everything / nothing – Are you doing anything special for your birthday?
Our players did their best, nevertheless / nonetheless, they lost the game.
Common English Collocations with make
FOOD
MAKE a cup of tea – Would you like me to make you a cup of coffee?
MONEY
MAKE money – I enjoy my job, but don’t make very much money.
RELATIONSHIPS
MAKE friends – It’s hard to make friends when you move to a big city.
COMMUNICATION
MAKE a joke – He made a joke, but it wasn’t very funny and no one laughed.
EXCEPTION: Don’t say “make a question”. The correct phrase is “ask a question”
PLANS & PROGRESS
MAKE plans – We’re making plans to travel to Australia next year.
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79
Make expressions
make an agreement - fazer um acordo
make an announcement (to) - fazer uma
comunicação oficial
make an appointment (with) - marcar
uma hora
make arrangements (for) - fazer preparos
make an attempt (to) - fazer uma tentativa
make the bed - fazer a cama
make believe - fazer de conta
make breakfast (dinner, a sandwich)
- preparar o café da manhã (a janta, um
sanduíche)
make a clean copy - passar a limpo
make it clear (to) - deixar claro
make a complaint (about) - apresentar
queixa, reclamar
make a date (with) - marcar um encontro
make a deal (with) - fazer um negócio,
negociar
make a decision (about) - decidir, tomar
uma decisão
make a (any, no) difference (to) - fazer
diferença
make a down payment - dar de entrada,
dar um sinal
make an effort (to) - fazer um esforço
make an excuse (for) - arranjar uma
desculpa
make a face (at) - fazer careta
make a fool of someone - fazer alguém
de bobo
make for - dirigir-se a
make friends (with) - fazer amizade
make fun of - ridicularizar
make a fuss (over someone) - dar atenção
afetuosa, mimar
make good - cumprir com o prometido
make a good/bad impression (on) - causar
boa/má impressão
80
make someone happy - fazer ficar feliz,
deixar feliz
make an investment - investir, fazer um
investimento
make a list (of ) - fazer uma listamake a
living - ganhar a vida
make mistakes (in) - cometer erros
make money - ganhar dinheiro
make someone nervous - deixar alguém
nervoso
make noise - fazer barulho
make an offer - fazer uma oferta
make a payment - fazer um pagamento,
pagar uma conta
make a phone call (to) - telefonar, dar um
telefonema
make plans - fazer planos
make a point - fazer uma observação, apresentar
um ponto de vista
make a presentation - fazer uma apresentação
make a profit - lucrar, ter lucro
make progress (in) - progredir
make a promise (to) - fazer uma promessa,
prometer
make public - divulgar
make a reservation (for) - fazer uma reserva
make a resolution - fazer uma promessa,
tomar uma decisão importante
make a scene - fazer uma cena, agir
histericamente
make sense (to) - fazer sentido
make a speech (to) - fazer um discurso
make sure (about) - certificar-se
make trouble - criar problemas ou confusão
make use of - utilizar
make war - guerrear, entrar em guerra
make way - abrir caminho, dar passagem,
progredir
make yourself at home - sinta-se à vontade
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Do expressions
do the (my, your, ...) best (to) - fazer o melhor possível
do business (with) - trabalhar em negócios com
do the cleaning (for) - fazer limpeza
do damage/harm (to) - prejudicar, ferir
do a deal (predominantly in the expression “it’s a done deal”) - negócio fechado
do some dictation - fazer um ditado
do the dishes - lavar a louça
do drugs - usar drogas
do your duty - cumprir com suas tarefas
do an exercise - fazer um exercício
do an experiment - fazer uma experiência
do a favor (for) - fazer um favor
do good - fazer bem
do a good/bad job - fazer um bom trabalho
do your homework - fazer lição de casa
do the housework - fazer os trabalhos domésticos
do the laundry - lavar a roupado an operation (on) - operar
do (something) over again - fazer de novo
do overtime - fazer hora extra
do a poll - fazer uma pesquisa (de opinião)
do a problem/a puzzle - resolver um problema (em matemática, por exemplo), um quebra-cabeça
do a project - fazer (desenvolver) um projeto
do research (on) - pesquisar, fazer uma pesquisa (investigação científica)
do the right thing - ter uma atitude correta
do the shopping - fazer compras
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81
Modal verbs
Can
She can speak Spanish very well.
Smoking can cause cancer.
You can go to the party after doing the homework.
Can he come to class with me?
Can you turn down the tv?
Those calculations can’t be easy.
They can’t have bought a new car.
* In everyday speech, can is more common than be able to in
the present
May
The doctor may be able to see you tomorrow.
It may rain later.
I may have met her before.
May I talk with you?
* May is a little more formal than can and could.
Might
She might be at home right now.
They might have left already – I don’t know.
You might want to use another computer.
It might get cold.
Might I borrow a company car tonight?
She might have at least thanked me.
Should
You should visit her. She likes to talk to you very much.
He should be at work. Maybe the traffic is too heavy.
You should have written your name full.
You shouldn’t have said that.
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Ability in the present
Possibility
Permission
Asking for permission
Informal requests
Deduction
Deduction
Present possibility
Future possibility
Possibility
Asking for permission
Possibility
Possibility
Suggestion
Future possibility
Permission
Criticizing
Suggestion
Expectation
Criticizing
Criticizing
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Must
You must take vestibular before entering a university.
You must be on time in future!
He must be her father. They look alike.
It must have rained a lot last week.
You must try these chocolates – they’re delicious!
Obligation
Orders
Deduction
Deduction
Suggestion
* It’s used in writing (forms, signs, notices)
* It’s used in spoken English, when the speaker is in a
position of power, or there’s urgent necessity.
Would
Would you help me do the dishes?
Would you type these reports?
We would talk on the phone for hours when we were teens.
It would be great to spend the weekend at the beach.
He would be perfect for the job.
Polite request
Informal requests
Past habitual action
Hypothetical situation
Possibility
Offer
Would you like to lie down for a while?
Could
She could swim very well as a child.
Could you get that notebook for me?
Could I use your dictionary?
He could be your Prince Charming.
You could visit me on Saturday.
We could have been killed in the crash!
You could have invited me to your party.
He couldn’t have done it. He wasn’t there.
Could you please close the door?
Could you close the door, please?
Could I borrow this pencil?
Yes, of course you can.
Why don’t you ask John for a ride?
I couldn’t do that. He’s too busy.
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
Ability in the past
Informal requests
Asking for permission
Possibility
Future possibility/Suggestion
Possibility
Criticizing
Deduction
* Use please to make the
request. Note the word
order
* Use may or can in
answers.
Do not use could.
* Use couldn’t to say that
something is impossible
83
Had Better= Should
You’d better turn that music down.
You’d better not be late.
* We usually use the contraction for had better.
* We do not usually use had better for questions.
Be able to
Some people are able to walk on their hands.
I was able to speak Italian some years ago.
Urgent advice
Ability in the present
Ability in the past
Ability in the future
By June, she will be able to complete her course.
I am unable to understand what she says.
Ought to= Should
People ought not to drive like that.
I really ought to phone my mother.
Sara, maybe you ought to apply for this job.
* We do not usually use the negative of ought to in American
English. We use shouldn’t instead
* We do not usually use ought to for questions.
Have to
I have to travel on business tomorrow.
Obligation
Obligation
Advice
* When we give unaskedfor advice, we often soften
it with maybe, perhaps, or
I think
Necessity
* this is the most common expression in everyday use.
Have got to
I’ve got to get up early tomorrow.
* It often expresses strong feelings in speaking and informal
writing.
Could I close the window?
Sure
Certainly
Go ahead
No, please don’t. It’s hot in here
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Necessity
We often use polite
expressions instead of modals to answer requests for
permission
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Modal verbs
Similar meaning
You have to stop at the stop sign
You must stop at the stop sign
Not necessary
Prohibited, not allowed or against the law
You dont’t have to drive. I can do it
You must not drive without a license
We can’t park here. It’s a tow-away zone
* In spoken English, we do not usually use
must not when talking to or about another
adult. We use can’t instead
Jessica, you mustn’t take off your seat belt
while the car is moving
* Sometimes people use must not to tell a
child that there is no choice in a situation
when will it start snowing?
It might start around lunch time
* Questions about possibility usually are
not formed with may, might or could.
Instead, they are formed with the future
(will, be going to, the present progressive).
It is the answer to these questions that
often have may, might or could.
Are you going to drive to work?
I might take the bus instead
When are you leaving?
I may leave now
Is your train arriving late?
It might be
MUST
HAD BETTER
NEED TO
SHOULD/OUGHT TO
COULD
MIGHT
STRONG
WEAK
100% certain
Affirmative
Must
Have (got) to
May
Might, could
We could have a pizza.
(suggestion)
0% certain
They must be having a
good time. (supposition)
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
Negative
Can’t, couldn’t
Must not
May not
Might not
I may/might visit Rome.
(it is possible that
I visit Rome)
Can (informal)/could
(polite) you take me to
the club? (favor)
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Present Perfect
Clues
once, twice...
several times, many times
The first, the second time ...
Recently
Lately
never
Ever
Already
Yet
since
For
before
so far, up to now, until now
superlative adjectives (the most, the best, etc)
When is it used?
1. Actions that started in the past and have continued up to the present.
I have lived in S.P. for 6 years.
I have worked here since 1998.
She has written five invitations so far.
She has studied English for ten years.
2. Finished actions at an unknown time.
She has already seen “Gone with the wind”.
I have read “O mundo de Sofia”, it’s amazing!
They have bought a new car.
3. A recent completed action/A new information
She has just arrived.
I have just cut myself.
The plane has just taken off.
They have passed the exam.
4. The first (second, etc) time something has happened/repeated actions
He hasn’t driven a car before.
It’s the first time he has ever driven a car.
She has seen “Titanic” ten times.
It’s the second time I have told you that.
5. With superlative adjectives
This is the best movie I have ever seen.
This is the worst song I have heard.
This is the most beautiful place I have ever been.
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Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Interview
Taking a job interview in English can be a challenging task. It’s important to use the correct tense
to state when and how often you perform duties at your present and past jobs. The first step was
writing your resume and cover letter. Learn to use these tenses in these situations and you’ll be
sure to make as good an impression in your job interview as you have with your resume.
There are some very important game rules to consider when taking a job interview.
The job interview in English requires a very specific kind of vocabulary. It also requires good
tense usage as you need to make a clear distinction between past and present responsibilities.
Here is a quick overview of the appropriate tenses to use:
Tense - Present Simple
I collect data from all of our branches and analyze the information on a weekly basis.
Explanation
Use the present simple to describe your daily responsibilities. This is the most common tense to
use when speaking about your current position.
Tense - Past Simple
I developed an in-house database for the personnel department.
Explanation
Use the past simple to describe your daily responsibilities in a former position. This is the most
common tense to use when speaking about past jobs.
Tense - Present Continuous
Currently, we are expanding our sales division to include South America.
Explanation
Use the present continuous to speak about current projects that are happening at that moment
in time. These projects are limited in time and should not be confused with daily responsibilities.
Currently, I am designing a new layout for our local branch. I am usually responsible for staff
organization, but they asked me to help out with design this time.
Tense - Present Perfect
I’ve researched over 300 cases until now.
Explanation
Use the present perfect to generally describe projects or accomplishments that you have made
up to the present moment in time. Remember not to include specific past time references which should be used with the past simple. I’ve developed a number of databases using Microsoft
Access. Just last week I finished a database for our warehouse.
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87
Tense - Future Simple
I will be the manager of a medium sized retail outlet.
Explanation
Use the future simple to discuss your plans for the future. This tense is only used when the
interviewer asks you what you plan to do in the future.
There are a number of other tenses that you can use to speak about experience that you have had.
However, if you do not feel comfortable using more advanced tenses, these tenses should serve
you well in the interview.
What is Most Important?:
General Guidelines
Work Experience
Work experience is by far the most important part of any job interview in an English speaking
country. It is true that education is also important, however, most employers are more impressed
by extensive work experience than by university degrees. Employers want to know exactly what
you did and how well you accomplished your tasks. This is the part of the interview during which
you can make the best impression. It’s important to give full, detailed answers. Be confident, and
emphasize your accomplishments in past positions.
Qualifications
Qualifications include any education from high school through university, as well as any special
training you may have had (such as computer courses). Make sure to mention your English studies. This is very important as English is not your first language and the employer may be concerned about this fact. Assure the employer that you are continuing to improve your English skills by
any courses you may be taking, or by saying that you study a certain number of hours a week to
improve your skills.
Talking about Responsibilities
Most importantly, you will need to demonstrate your qualifications and skills which are directly
applicable to the job you are applying for. If past job skills were not exactly the same as what you
will need on the new job, make sure to detail how they are similar to job skills you will need for the
new position.
Common Interview Questions
First Impressions
The first impression you make on the interviewer can decide the rest of the interview. It is
important that you introduce yourself, shake hands, and be friendly and polite. The first question is often a “breaking the ice” (establish a rapport) type of question. Don’t be surprised if the
interviewer asks you something like:
How are you today?
Did you have any trouble finding us?
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Secretaria Municipal de Educação
The weather is great today, isn’t it?
This type of question is common because the interviewer wants to put you at ease (help you
relax). The best way to respond is in a short, friendly manner without going into too much detail.
Job Interview Practice – Worksheet
Use the following cues to write out full questions for a job interview.
How long / work / present?
How many / languages / speak?
Strengths?
Weaknesses?
Past job?
Current responsibilities?
Education?
Specific examples of responsibility at past job?
Which position / want - like to have / new job?
Future goals?
Use the following cues to write out full responses for a job interview.
Current job / school
Last job / school
Languages / skills
How long / work / current job
Three specific examples from past job
Current responsibilities
Strengths / weaknesses (two for each)
Why are you interested in this job?
What are your future goals?
Education
Disponível em:
< http://esl.about.com/od/jobinterviewing/a/Practicing-Job-Interviews.htm>- Access the link
below to create your own resume: https://www.resume-now.com
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
89
Giving opinion
We often need to give our opinions to friends and colleagues. Here are ten ways of giving your
opinion about a choice between options
Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking And Writing
In my opinion, this one would be better.
To my mind this one’s better.
If you ask me, this one’s better.
To my way of thinking, this one’s fine.
In my view, this one is best.
Know what I think? That one’s best.
I’d say that one’s better.
What I think is that one’s better.
For me, that one’s better.
I tell you what I think, that one’s best.
How To Use These Phrases In Your English Speaking
• ‘In my opinion’ is the classic expression - but it’s not the only one. Use moderately.
• ‘To my mind’ is a common spoken form - and you can use it in writing, too.
• ‘If you ask me’ is very, very common in spoken English, and can come first or last
in a sentence.
• ‘To my way of thinking’ is often used with emphasis on ‘my’ to give a strong opinion.
• ‘In my view’ is common in spoken and written English.
• The abbreviated question ‘(Do you) know what I think?’ is very popular and is not
rude.
• The conditional structure I’d say is rarely taught as a conditional, but this is one of
the most common ways of giving an opinion in English
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Secretaria Municipal de Educação
False friends
• Actually (adv) - na verdade ..., o fato é que ...
• Comprehensive (adj) - abrangente, amplo,
• Agenda (n) - pauta do dia, pauta para
extenso
discussões
• Compromise (v) - entrar em acordo, fazer
• Amass (v) - acumular, juntar
concessão
• Anticipate (v) - prever; aguardar, ficar na
• Contest (n) - competição, concurso
expectativa
• Convenient (adj) - prático
• Application (n) - inscrição, registro, uso
• Costume (n) - fantasia (roupa)
• Appointment (n) - hora marcada, compromisso
• Data (n) - dados (números, informações)
profissional
• Deception (n) - logro, fraude, o ato de enganar
• Appreciation (n) - gratidão, reconhecimento
• Defendant (n) - réu, acusado
• Argument (n) - discussão, bate boca
• Design (v, n) - projetar, criar; projeto, estilo
• Assist (v) - ajudar, dar suporte
• Editor (n) - redator
• Assume (v) - presumir, aceitar como verdadeiro
• Educated (adj) - instruído, com alto grau
• Attend (v) - assistir, participar de
de escolaridade
• Audience (n) - platéia, público
• Emission (n) - descarga (de gases, etc.)
• Balcony (n) - sacada
• Enroll (v) - inscrever-se, alistar-se, registrar-se
• Baton (n) - batuta (música), cacetete
• Eventually (adv) - finalmente, conseqüen-
• Beef (n) - carne de gado
temente
• Cafeteria (n) - refeitório tipo universitário ou
• Exciting (adj) - empolgante
industrial
• Exit (n, v) - saída, sair
• Camera (n) - máquina fotográfica
• Expert (n) - especialista, perito
• Carton (n) - caixa de papelão, pacote de
• Exquisite (adj.) - belo, refinado
cigarros (200)
• Fabric (n) - tecido
• Casualty (n) - baixas (mortes ocorridas em
• Genial (adj) - afável, aprazível
acidente ou guerra)
• Graduate program (n) - Curso de pós-gra-
• Cigar (n) - charuto
duação
• Collar (n) - gola, colarinho, coleira
• Gratuity (n) - gratificação, gorjeta
• College (n) - faculdade, ensino de 3º grau
• Grip (v) - agarrar firme
• Commodity (n) - artigo, mercadoria
• Hazard (n,v) - risco, arriscar
• Competition (n) - concorrência
• Idiom (n) - expressão idiomática, linguajar
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91
• Income tax return (n) - declaração de im-
• Prescribe (v) - receitar
posto de renda
• Preservative (n) - conservante
• Ingenuity (n) - engenhosidade
• Pretend (v) - fingir
• Injury (n) - ferimento
• Private (adj) - particular
• Inscription (n) - gravação em relevo (sobre
• Procure (v) - conseguir, adquirir
pedra, metal, etc.)
• Propaganda (n) - divulgação de idéias/
• Intend (v) - pretender, ter intenção
fatos com intuito de manipular
• Intoxication (n) - embriaguez, efeito de
• Pull (v) - puxar
drogas
• Push (v) - empurrar
• Jar (n) - pote
• Range (v) - variar, cobrir
• Journal (n) - periódico, revista especializada
• Realize (v) - notar, perceber, dar-se conta,
• Lamp (n) - luminária
conceber uma idéia
• Large (adj) - grande, espaçoso
• Recipient (n) - recebedor, agraciado
• Lecture (n) - palestra, aula
• Record (v, n) - gravar, disco, gravação,
• Legend (n) - lenda
registro
• Library (n) - biblioteca
• Refrigerant (n) - substância refrigerante
• Location (n) - localização
usada em aparelhos
• Lunch (n) - almoço
• Requirement (n) - requisito
• Magazine (n) - revista
• Resume (v) - retomar, reiniciar
• Mayor (n) - prefeito
• Résumé (n) - curriculum vitae, currículo
• Medicine (n) - remédio, medicina
• Retired (adj) - aposentado
• Moisture (n) - umidade
• Senior (n) - idoso
• Motel (n) - hotel de beira de estrada
• Service (n) - atendimento
• Notice (v) - notar, aperceber-se; aviso,
• Stranger (n) - desconhecido
comunicação
• Stupid (adj) - burro
• Novel (n) - romance
• Support (v) - apoiar
• Office (n) - escritório
• Tax (n) - imposto
• Parents (n) - pais
• Trainer (n) - preparador físico
• Particular (adj) - específico, exato
• Turn (n, v) - vez, volta, curva; virar, girar
• Pasta (n) - massa (alimento)
• Vegetables (n) - verduras, legumes
• Policy (n) - política (diretrizes)
• Port (n) - porto
• Prejudice (n) - preconceito
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Secretaria Municipal de Educação
• Atualmente - nowadays, today
• Agenda - appointment book; agenda
• Amassar - crush
• Antecipar - to bring forward, to move forward
• Aplicação (financeira) - investment
• Apontamento - note
• Apreciação - judgement
• Argumento - reasoning, point
• Assistir - to attend, to watch
• Assumir - to take over
• Atender - to help; to answer; to see, to examine
• Audiência - court appearance; interview
• Balcão - counter
• Batom - lipstick
• Bife - steak
• Cafeteria - coffee shop, snack bar
• Câmara - tube (de pneu) chamber (grupo
de pessoas)
• Cartão - card
• Casualidade - chance
• Cigarro - cigarette
• Colar - necklace
• Colégio (2º grau) - high school
• Comodidade - comfort
• Competição - contest
• Compreensivo - understanding
• Compromisso - appointment; date
• Contexto - context
• Conveniente - appropriate
• Costume - custom, habit
• Data - date
• Decepção - disappointment
• Advogado de defesa - defense attorney
• Designar - to appoint
• Editor - publisher
• Educado - with a good upbringing, well
-mannered, polite
• Emissão - issuing (of a document, etc.)
• Enrolar - to roll; to wind; to curl
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
• Eventualmente - occasionally
• Excitante - thrilling
• Êxito - success
• Esperto - smart, clever
• Esquisito - strange, odd
• Fábrica - plant, factory
• Genial - brilliant
• Curso de graduação - undergraduate
program
• Gratuidade - the quality of being free of
charge
• Gripe - cold, flu, influenza
• Azar - bad luck
• Idioma - language
• Devolução de imposto de renda - income
tax refund
• Ingenuidade - naiveté / naivety
• Injúria - insult
• Inscrição - registration, application
• Entender - understand
• Intoxicação - poisoning
• Jarra - pitcher
• Jornal - newspaper Lâmpada - light bulb
• Largo - wide
• Leitura - reading
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Legenda - subtitle
Livraria - book shop
Locação - rental
Lanche - snack
Magazine - department store
Maior - bigger
Medicina - medicine
Mistura - mix, mixture, blend
Motel - love motel, hot-pillow joint
Notícia - news
Novela - soap opera
Oficial - official
Parentes - relatives
Particular - personal, private
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• Pasta - paste; folder; briefcase
• Polícia - police
• Porta - door
• Prejuízo - damage, loss
• Prescrever - expire
• Preservativo - condom
• Pretender - to intend, to plan
• Privado - private
• Procurar - to look for
• Propaganda - advertisement, commercial
• Pular - to jump
• Puxar - to pull
• Ranger - to creak, to grind
• Realizar - to carry out, make come true,
to accomplish
• Recipiente - container
• Recordar - to remember, to recall
• Refrigerante - soft drink, soda, pop, coke
• Requerimento - request, petition
• Resumir - summarize
• Resumo - summary
• Retirado - removed, secluded
• Senhor - gentleman, sir
• Serviço - job
• Estrangeiro - foreigner
• Estúpido - impolite, rude (Rio Grande do Sul)
• Suportar (tolerar) - can stand
• Taxa - rate; fee
• Treinador - coach
• Turno - shift; round
• Vegetais - plants
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Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Adjective list
Adjectives
Amazing
Meaning and Examples
- very surprising.
Her story was quite amazing.
It’s amazing how stupid people can be.
1. entertained or interested by something.
She was very amused by/at ​your ​comments.
Amused
2. Feeling interested and excited.
Toddlers don’t need e
​ xpensive ​toys and ​games to k
​ eep them amused.
He’s extremely ashamed of his behavior last night.
ashamed of yourself: Ashamed
You ought to be ashamed of yourself, using that kind of language!
ashamed (that): felt ashamed that I hadn’t visited her more often.
- around a usual or ordinary level or standard.
a child of average intelligence.
He’s about average height.
Average
Aware
Awesome
Awful
standard, average, high: neither good nor bad.
The standard of the work overall was average.
I was not aware that she had already spoken to you.
make someone aware of something (= tell someone about something): If you have any problems, you should make management aware of them.
Well / fully / acutely (= very) aware:
I was well aware of this fact.
- very impressive and sometimes a little frightening.
an awesome task / responsibility / power.
Learning English is awesome!
- used for emphasizing how unpleasant someone or something is.
This wine tastes awful.
These awful people behind us talked all through the film.
The smell was absolutely awful.He had the awful feeling that everyone
was laughing at him.
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95
Adjectives
Awkward
Meaning and Examples
-difficult to deal with and embarrassing.
After he spoke there was an awkward silence.
Luckily nobody asked any awkward questions about what he was doing
there.
It’s a bit awkward, because he’s my friend but I’m still his boss.
behaving in a way that shows that you think you are very important or
Big-headed
intelligent.
describing arrogant and over-confident people or behavior:
He thinks he knows everything he’s so big-headed!
- feeling impatient or dissatisfied, because you are not interested in
something or because you have nothing to do. If you want to say you
are extremely bored, you can say you are bored stiff / rigid / silly or bored
Bored
Boring
Clumsy
Crowded
Easy-going
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to tears / to death.
Oh, I’m so bored!
Beth ordered a coffee from a bored-looking waiter.
bored with: Steve was getting bored with the game.
bored of: I get really bored of my same-damn-thing-every-day diet.
- not at all interesting, and making you feel impatient or dissatisfied a
boring badly-paid job.
It is boring just being at home all day.
This new subject is so boring!
- a clumsy person moves in a way that is not careful or graceful, and breaks things or knocks against them
That’s the third g​ lass you’ve s​ mashed this w
​ eek - you’re so clumsy!
very full of people
The beaches in Brazil are very crowded.
usually relaxed and calm, not worried or upset.
Angela has an easy-going personality.
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Adjectives
Embarrassed
Evil
Excited
Exciting
Exotic
Exquisite
Fancy
Fierce
Filthy
Foolish
Meaning and Examples
was too embarrassed to admit that I was scared.
an evil person does very bad or cruel things
She always makes fun of her classmates. She is evil.
very happy and enthusiastic because something good is going to happen, especially when
this makes you unable to relax
I was so excited I couldn’t sleep.
excited about: I’m so excited about the trip!
making you feel excited
The launch of our digital satellite service is one of the most exciting
things I’ve worked on.
an exciting opportunity
interesting or exciting because of being unusual or not familiar
Thai food is very exotic.
1. extremely beautiful and delicate
an exquisite hand-painted vase from China
showing excellent judgment
The furnishings show exquisite taste.
expensive, popular, and fashionable
We stayed at some fancy hotel in the centre of London.
children who are sent to fancy private schools
1. involving very strong feelings such as determination, anger, or hate.
fierce debate/criticism: The proposals provoked a fierce debate.
very angry, or ready to attack
He looked so fierce.
a fierce lion
very dirty
He was wearing filthy clothes
lacking good sense and judgment.
a foolish mistake.
I did some stupid things when I was young and foolish.
t is foolish to do something: It would be foolish to change your mindnow.
very/singularly/extremely foolish: That was a singularly foolish thing to do.
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97
Adjectives
Friendly
Grumpy
Hamrful
Handy
Hardworking
Helpless
Homeless
Hopeful
Jealous
98
Meaning and Examples
someone who is friendly is always pleasant and helpful towards other people.
I enjoy working there – everyone is so friendly.
He will be remembered as a kind, friendly person.
friendly towards/to: The local people went out of their way to be friendly towards us.
unhappy and dissatisfied, often for no obvious reason.
He is such an old grumpy man.
causing harm / damage.
The bacteria digest some of the harmful substances in the sewage.
harmful effects / consequences
1. useful
a handy electronic diary
handy for: The book is handy for quick reference.
be handy to do something: It’s always handy to have a couple of spare batteries.
handy hints/tips: The article gave lots of handy hints for decorating asmall flat.
2. skilled
He can fix all eletronic devices, he’s so handy.
a hard-working person puts a lot of effort into their work
She was very hard-working and reliable.
not able to do anything without help
He looked helpless sitting there all alone.
be/feel helpless to do something: knew they were lying but I felthelpless to do anything about it.
without a place to live
ostels for young homeless people
The floods have killed hundreds and made thousands homeless.
believing that something will happen the way you want it to
We resumed negotiations but we’re not very hopeful.
hopeful that: In spite of our differences, we remain hopeful that asolution can be found.
1. unhappy because someone has something that you would like or can do
something that you would like to do
I expect some of your colleagues will be jealous.
jealous of: Other girls were jealous of her good looks.
Jealous and envious: unhappy and upset because you think someone who
you love is attracted to someone else
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Adjectives
Jealous
Lonely
Mean
Moody
Naive
Narrowminded
Nasty
Naughty
Oldfashioned
Openminded
Meaning and Examples
jealous of: Sophia had admirers, and I was jealous of them.
make someone jealous: He would dance with other women to makeher jealous.
unhappy because you are alone or because you have no friends
She must feel desperately lonely with all her family in Scotland.
INFORMAL cruel, or unkind
Our classmates were so mean to each other.
be mean to someone: Don’t be so mean to your sister.
If you are moody, you are often unfriendly because you feel angry or unhappy.
He can be very moody and rude.
If someone is naive, they believe things too easily and do not have enough experience of the world.
I was much younger then, and very naive.
not ​willing to a​ ccept ​ideas or w
​ ays of ​behaving that are different from ​
your own:
narrow-minded ​opinions/​viewsa narrow-minded ​person
He never listens to people’s point of view, he’s so narrow-minded.
very unpleasant to taste, smell, see, or feel
a nasty cold wind
nasty-looking bugs
cheap and nasty: cheap and nasty red wine
Tasting bad or lacking flavour:
stale, nasty, rancid...
When ​children are naughty, or t​ heir ​behaviour is naughty, they ​behave ​badly or do not do what they are told to do:
Now that’s naughty - don’t t​ hrow ​food on the fl
​ oor!
Our b
​ oss ​treats us all like naughty ​children.
mainly UK used ​slightly ​humorously to d
​ escribe an a​ dult who has ​behaved ​
badly or an adult’s bad ​action:
“I’m ​afraid I b
​ orrowed ​your ​car without ​asking.”
“Yes, that was very naughty of you - I n
​ eeded it at the w
​ eekend!”
no longer modern or fashionable
Blake was carrying an old-fashioned leather briefcase.
willing to c​ onsider ​ideas and o
​ pinions that are new or different to y​ our own:
Doctors these d
​ ays ​tend to be more open-minded about​alternative ​medicine.
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99
Adjectives
Ordinary
Outrageous
Sparkling
Spooky
Starving
Stubborn
Tacky
Talkative
Terrible
100
Meaning and Examples
not special or different in any way.
an ordinary life ordinary people.
I had a very ordinary childhood.
1. very shocking or unreasonable
‘She blames me for causing her father’s death.’ ‘But that’s outrageous!’
an outrageous claim/act/demand
Making you feel shocked or appalled:
shocking, appalling, outrageous...
extremely unusual and likely to shock people or make them laugh
outrageous clothes/behaviour
1. shining with small points of reflected light a region of a region of
sparkling lakes, rushing streams, and dense forests
Bright and shiny:
bright, shiny, brilliant...
very lively and interesting
sparkling wit/conversation
a sparkling performance
frightening in a way that makes you nervous because it involves things that do
not seem natural and cannot be explained by science
“American horror stories” is a spooky TV show.
ill or dying because of a lack of food
Unfortunately, there are still many starving children all over the world.
a stubborn person is not willing to change their ideas or to consider anyone
else’s reasons or arguments
Words used to describe someone who is stubborn and narrow-minded:
stubborn, narrow, conservative...
showing that you are not willing to listen or to change what youthink
INFORMAL used about something that looks cheap and of poor quality or
something that shows bad taste.
Her boyfriend gave her a tacky purse, she was so upset.
a talkative person talks a lot.
She is very talkative, she doesn’t give anyone a chance to talk!
making you feel very upset or afraid
Her mother’s sudden death came as a terrible shock.
He’s been through a terrible ordeal.
A few minutes later there was a terrible scream.
That’s a terrible thing to say about anyone!
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Adjectives
Terrific
Thirsty
Troubled
Unusual
Wicked
Worried
Meaning and Examples
very good or interesting
I feel terrific today.
Cindy has a terrific personality.
That’s terrific!
a terrific bargain/deal
feeling that you want or need to drink something
I’m really thirsty – could I have a glass of water?
thirsty work (=hard work that makes you feel thirsty):
Moving furniture around is thirsty work.
1. worried about the problems that you have
Feeling worried and nervous:
worried, nervous, upset... a troubled place, time, or situation is affected by
many problems
not normal, common, or ordinary
Local residents should contact the police if they notice anything unusual.
You’re in a very unusual situation.
it is unusual to do something: It’s unusual to find so many different plants in one garden.
it is unusual for someone to do something: It’s most unusual forSue to get so angry.
nothing unusual: There’s nothing unusual about this man’sappearance.
morally wrong and deliberately intending to hurt people
I knew that it was a wicked thing to do.
They have a love of power that makes them really wicked.
unhappy because you are thinking about your problems or about badthings that could happen
Everyone was very worried when John didn’t show up.
worried that: Harris is worried that the guns may be used against the police.
worried about: We are very worried about our future.
get worried: We got really worried when she didn’t come home for dinner.
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101
Word list
Put here the new words you have learned
Word
102
Meaning
Examples
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Word
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
Meaning
Examples
103
Love story
That you were Romeo, you were throwing
pebbles,And my daddy said, “Stay away
from Juliet”And I was crying on the staircaseBegging you, “Please don’t go”And I
said...
‘Cause you were Romeo - I was a scarlet
letter,And my daddy said, “Stay away from
Juliet”But you were everything to me,I
was begging you, “Please don’t go”And I
said...
So I sneak out to the garden to see you.
We keep quiet ‘cause we’re dead if they
knewSo close your eyes... escape this
town for a little while.
Romeo, take me somewhere we can be
alone.I’ll be waiting; all that’s left to do is
run.
You’ll be the prince and I’ll be the princess,It’s a love story, baby, just say, “Yes”.
Romeo, take me somewhere we can be
alone.I’ll be waiting; all that’s left to do is
run.
You’ll be the prince and I’ll be the princess,It’s a love story, baby, just say, “Yes”.
104
Taylor Swift
I got tired of waitingWondering if you
were ever coming around.My faith in you
was fadingWhen I met you on the outskirts of town.And I said...
We were both young when I first saw
you.I close my eyes and the flashback
starts:I’m standing there on a balcony in
summer air.
Romeo, save me, I’ve been feeling so
alone.I keep waiting for you but you never
come.
Is this in my head? I don’t know what to
think.He knelt to the ground and pulled
out a ring and said...
Romeo, save me, they’re trying to tell me
how to feel.This love is difficult but it’s
real.
Don’t be afraid, we’ll make it out of this
mess.It’s a love story, baby, just say, “Yes”.
‘Cause we were both young when I first
saw you
Marry me, Juliet, you’ll never have to be
alone.I love you, and that’s all I really
know.
I talked to your dad - go pick out a white
dressIt’s a love story, baby, just say, “Yes”.
See the lights, see the party, the ball
gowns.See you make your way through
the crowdAnd say, “Hello, “Little did I
know...
Secretaria Municipal de Educação
Whataya want from
Adam Lambert
Hey, slow it down Whataya want from me
Yeah, I’m afraid Whataya want from me
There _________________have been a time
When I ______________give myself away
(Ooh) Once upon a time I didn’t give a damn
But now _____________we are
So whataya want from me, Whataya want from me
Just don’t give _____________
I’m workin’ it _______________
Please don’t give in, I _____________let you down
It messed me up, need a second to breathe
Just keep coming around
Hey, whataya want from me
Whataya want from me
Yeah, it’s plain to see
That baby you’re beautiful
And there’s nothing __________with you
It’s me, I’m a freak
But thanks for lovin’ me
Cause you’re doing it perfectly
There might have been a time
When I would let you slip away
I ______________ even try but I think
You _____________save my life
Just don’t give _____________
I’m workin’ it ____________
Please don’t give _____________
I won’t let you down
It messed me up, need a ____________to breathe
Just keep coming _____________
Hey, whataya want from me, Whataya want from me
Just don’t ___________on me, I won’t let you ____________
No, I won’t let you down
Student´s Book - Sunset 1| There´s no limit
105
What I’ve done
Linkin park
In this farewell
There’s no blood,There’s no alibi
‘Cause I’ve drawn regret
From the sky of a thousand lies
So let mercy come
And wash close what I’ve played
I’ll face my friends
To cross out what I’ve become
Write myself
And let go of what I’ve done
Put to rest
What you thought of me
While I clean this slate
With the foot of uncertainty
So let mercy come and wash close
What I’ve played
I’ll face my dogs
To cross out what I’ve become
Shower myself
And let go of what I’ve done
For what I’ve done
I start again
And whatever pain may come
Today this starts
I’m forgiving what I’ve bought !
I’ll face myself
To cross out what I’ve become
Erase myself
And let go of what I’ve done
What I’ve done
Forgiving what I’ve done
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Secretaria Municipal de Educação