Latino Milwaukee: A Statistical Portrait
Study Highlights
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Center for Economic Development
April 2016
For further information contact:
Marc V. Levine
UWM Center for Economic Development
Telephone: 414-229-6155
E-Mail: [email protected]
This study provides the first comprehensive statistical portrait of metropolitan
Milwaukee’s Latino community. Using the best and most recent available data, from a
wide variety of sources, this study examines key areas such as population growth,
immigration, language use, residential segregation, income, poverty, employment,
earnings, housing, social assistance, health insurance, health indicators, business
ownership, educational attainment, K-12 enrollments, school segregation, incarceration,
political behavior, and more. With over 190 charts and tables, the study offers a thorough,
systematic overview of key data, analysis of trends, and an unprecedented look at Latino
Milwaukee in comparative and recent historical perspective.
Although it is impossible to summarize, in a short overview, the rich array of data and
analysis in the full Latino Milwaukee study, the following are key highlights:
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS:
Rapid population growth:
•
Metro Milwaukee’s Latino population increased by 213 percent between 1990
and 2014 – the 30th highest growth rate among the nation’s 50 largest
metropolitan areas. The Latino share of metro Milwaukee’s population grew
from 3.6 to 10.2 percent between 1990 and 2014.
•
Latinos have accounted for over 90 percent of the net population growth in
metro Milwaukee and all of the net population growth in the city of Milwaukee
since 2000. Without the surge in Latino population since 1990, the city’s
population would have declined by over 16 percent between 1990 and 2014.
A growing “cultural generation gap”:
•
Metro Milwaukee exhibits one of the widest “cultural generation gaps” in the
country. In 2014, white non-Hispanics made up 85.3 percent of Milwaukee’s
“over 65” population, but only 53.3 percent of the region’s “under 18”
population; conversely, Latinos constituted 16.3 percent of the “under 18”
population but only 2.9 percent of the “over 65” demographic. White nonHispanics are now a minority (49 percent) of metro Milwaukee residents
younger than 5 years old; Latinos make up 16 percent of the “under 5”
demographic.
2 Immigration Trends:
•
Although Latino immigration to Milwaukee has accelerated since the 1990s, the
pace has been less explosive than in many metropolises; consequently, Latino
Milwaukee contains a higher proportion of native-born citizens (almost 73
percent) than is the case in Hispanic communities in most other large
metropolitan areas.
•
Non-citizens make up 20 percent of Milwaukee’s Latino population, a lower
share than in most large metropolitan areas.
•
55.4 percent of Milwaukee County’s foreign-born Latino population is
estimated to be unauthorized immigrants. This represents the 11th highest
percentage among the 25 large urban counties for which we were able to
assemble data.
Residential Segregation:
•
Although Latino-White segregation is not as pervasive as Black-White
segregation in Milwaukee, the rate of Latino-White segregation is high here and
has not declined over the past twenty years.
•
The level of Latino-White segregation in Milwaukee ranks 7th highest among
the nation’s 50 largest metropolitan areas.
•
Milwaukee has one of the lowest rates of Latino suburbanization among the
nation’s largest metro areas. Less than one-third of the region’s Latinos live in
the suburbs, the fourth lowest rate of Latino suburbanization among the nation’s
50 largest metropolitan areas.
Language Use
•
Growing English proficiency: approximately one-third of metro Milwaukee
Latinos speak “only English” in their homes.
•
Among Milwaukee Latinos who speak Spanish at home, almost three-quarters
speak English “very well” or “well.” This level of bilingualism places
Milwaukee 21st among the nation’s 50 largest metropolitan areas.
3 •
6.3 percent of Milwaukee Latinos speak Spanish at home and speak English
“not at all.” Compare to most large metro areas, this is a very low rate of
Spanish unilingualism.
INCOME, POVERTY, AND HOUSING
Shrinking Income
•
Latino median household income in Milwaukee fell by 24.7 percent between
1999 and 2014 (adjusted for inflation), the 8th worst decline among large metro
areas. In 2014, Milwaukee Latino median household income ranked 43rd among
the nation’s 50 largest metropolitan areas.
•
Latino median household income in Milwaukee is only 57.1 percent of white
non-Hispanic income, the 11th worst metro area disparity in the country (and
much lower than the disparity nationally). Since 1999, the income gap has
grown in Milwaukee, whereas it has remained stable nationally.
•
33 percent of Latino Milwaukee households reported income under $25,000 a
year in 2014, among the highest rates of low-income households among large
metros. Conversely, the percentage of Latino Milwaukee households reporting
annual income above $100,000 was lower than in most metro areas.
Concentrated Poverty
•
The poverty rate for Latinos in Milwaukee (28.6 percent) ranked 16th worst
among the nation’s 50 largest metropolitan areas in 2014.
•
The disparity between Latino and White non-Hispanic poverty rates in
Milwaukee is among the widest in the nation.
•
41.8 percent of Milwaukee’s poor Latinos live in neighborhoods of concentrated
poverty (where 40 percent or more of the total population is poor). 27.5 percent
of all Milwaukee Latinos –whether or not they are poor—live in concentrated
poverty neighborhoods. This is the 2nd highest rate among the nation’s 50
largest metropolitan areas.
•
A sign of Milwaukee’s intense segregation: an affluent Latino household in
metro Milwaukee, with annual income over $100,000, is likelier to live in a
4 concentrated poverty neighborhood than a poor white non-Hispanic household
with annual income under $10,000.
Low Homeownership and High Housing Costs
•
38.2 of Milwaukee Latinos were homeowners in 2014, a relatively low rate of
homeownership ranking 38th among the nation’s 50 largest metros.
•
Milwaukee Latinos face high rent burdens: 45.3 percent paid gross rent
exceeding 30 percent of their household income in 2014, a level that ranked as
the 18th worst “high rent burden” for Latinos among the nation’s 50 largest
metropolitan areas.
EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
Relatively Low Non-Employment Rates
•
In 2014, for both young adults (ages 20-24) and prime working-age adults (ages
25-54), the rate of “non-employment” (unemployed plus “not in the labor
force”) for Milwaukee’s Latino males was comparable to the rate for white nonHispanics, and substantially lower than the rates for black males. 37.0 of black
“prime age” males in metro Milwaukee were not employed in 2014, compared
to 13.7 percent of Latino prime-age males.
•
The Latino Milwaukee male “prime age” non-employment percentage ranks in
the middle of rates for comparable Latinos among the nation’s 50 largest
metros.
•
In Milwaukee, the Latino female “prime age” non-employment rate (32.2
percent) is comparable to the black rate (33.5 percent) and much higher than the
white non-Hispanic rate (18.1 percent).
The “Latinoisation” of Urban Labor Markets
•
In all metro areas, for both genders and for both the young adult and prime age
cohorts, the growth in Latino employment between 1990 and 2014 far
outstripped the growth of non-Hispanic employment.
•
In metro Milwaukee, because the total number of employed non-Hispanics has
declined for both gender and age cohorts, Latino workers account for all of the
net employment growth in the metropolitan area since 1990.
5 A Cultural Division of Labor?
•
Across U.S. metropolitan areas, Latino males and females are highly
concentrated in certain occupations. These include:
•
For Latino males: building and grounds cleaning and maintenance; construction
and extraction; production, and materials moving.
•
For Latino females: food preparation and service; building and grounds cleaning
and maintenance; and personal care services.
•
Compared to Latino males across the country, Milwaukee Latinos are especially
concentrated in production occupations, ranking highest among the 50 largest
metros in the index of concentration for this occupational category.
•
By contrast, compared to Latino males across the country, Milwaukee Latinos
are “underrepresented” in construction jobs, ranking next to lowest among the
50 largest metros in the index of concentration for this occupational category.
Low Earnings
•
Latinos in Milwaukee are disproportionately concentrated in low-wage
occupations (such as building cleaning and personal care services) and in the
low-wage segments of higher wage occupations (such as production jobs).
•
Among both males and females, the earnings distribution for Latino citizens in
Milwaukee is comparable to that of African Americans, with comparable
percentages earning under $25,000 annually, for example. (The white nonHispanic percentage of low-wage earners is much lower).
•
Among Latino non-citizens, however, the earnings distribution is skewed
strongly to the lower end: 62.5 percent of non-citizen male Latinos and 82.6
percent of non-citizen female Latinos in Milwaukee earn under $25,000 a year.
BUSINESS OWNERSHIP
•
The number of Hispanic-owned businesses in metro Milwaukee grew from
2,296 to 4,185 between 2007-2012. This 82.3 percent increase represents the
10th highest rate of growth in Latino business ownership among the nation’s 50
largest metropolitan areas.
6 •
Controlled for the size of the metro area’s Latino population, however,
Milwaukee continued to rank last among the nation’s 50 largest metropolitan
areas in the rate of Hispanic business ownership in 2012. The national hotbeds
of Latino business development remain established centers: Miami, Tampa,
Houston, Los Angeles, San Antonio, and Dallas. But even newer, “emerging
gateway” metropolises such as Orlando, Atlanta, Jacksonville, and Richmond
have rates of Hispanic-business ownership at least twice as high as
Milwaukee’s.
•
Hispanic-owned businesses represent only 3.6 percent of metro Milwaukee
businesses, and only 1.1 percent of metro Milwaukee’s private sector
employment is found in Hispanic-owned businesses.
HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE
Gains in Health Insurance
•
Despite considerable gains in coverage since 2009, the percentage of
Milwaukee Latinos without health insurance remains much higher than for other
groups. Almost 30 percent of Milwaukee Latinos between the ages of 18-64
lacked health insurance in 2014, compared to 6.9 percent for non-Hispanic
whites and 18.0 for blacks.
•
Between 2009 and 2014, the percentage of uninsured Milwaukee Latinos
dropped from 39.0 to 29.6 percent.
Health Indicators
•
Latino Milwaukee ranks towards the middle (27th among the nation’s 50 largest
metros) on mortality rates from heart disease. In Milwaukee itself, the Latino
mortality rate is substantially lower than black or non-Hispanic white rates.
•
The infant mortality rate of Latinos in Milwaukee County ranks 13th among the
central counties of the nation’s 50 largest metropolitan areas.
•
Metro Milwaukee ranks 15th worst among the nation’s 50 largest metropolitan
areas in the percentage of all births among Latinos to teenage mothers.
•
However, the rate of Latino births to teenage mothers in Milwaukee has
declined markedly since 2009 (as it has for all groups).
7 •
The rate of percentage of birthweight babies for Milwaukee Latinos is
comparable to non-Hispanic whites, and half the percentage for African
Americans.
EDUCATION AND SCHOOLING
Disparities in Educational Attainment
•
Milwaukee Latinos lag significantly, especially behind the white non-Hispanic
population, in educational attainment. Fewer than two-thirds of Latino
Milwaukeeans over age 25 hold at least a high school degree, compared to 95
percent of white –non-Hispanics and 80 percent of African Americans. Similar
disparities exist in college graduation rates.
•
Notwithstanding these low rates and wide disparities, the educational attainment
of Milwaukee Latinos has been increasing since 2000. Between 2000 and 2014,
for example, the percentage of adult Milwaukee Latinos with at least a high
school degree increased from 52.3 to 66.4 percent, the 10th highest rare of
increase among the nation’s 50 largest metropolitan areas during this period.
The Latinoisation of K-12 School Enrollments
•
Since 2000, the growth in the number of Latino schoolchildren in Milwaukee
accounts for all of the net growth in K-12 enrollments in the region.
•
Between 1997 and 2014, total non-Hispanic enrollment in metro Milwaukee
schools declined by 32,000, while Latino enrollment grew by almost 22,000.
•
The upshot of these trends has been a dramatic “Latinoisation” of school
enrollments in all of the major metro Milwaukee school jurisdictions over the
past thirty years, Between 1987 and 2016, the Latino share of total K-12
enrollments in the city of Milwaukee grew from 8.0 to 25.3 percent; in the
Milwaukee County suburbs the Latino percentage grew from 1.8 to 13.6
percent; and in the WOW counties, the Latino share grew from 1.4 to 7.3
percent.
High Latino Segregation in Metro Milwaukee Schools
•
41.8 percent of metro Milwaukee Latino K-12 students attend
“hypersegregated” schools (in which 90 percent or more of the students are
minorities).
8 •
Milwaukee ranks 12th among the nation’s 50 largest metropolitan areas in the
percentage of Latino students attending hypersegregated schools.
•
In the city of Milwaukee, a high percentage of Latino students attend segregated
schools in all types of institutions; but the level of hypersegregation is highest in
the city’s non-MPS networks (non-district charters and MPCP schools).
The Privatization of Latino Schooling in Milwaukee
•
16.8 percent of all metro Milwaukee Latino students attended private schools in
2011-12, the most recent data available. This is the highest percentage, among
the nation’s 50 largest metros, of Latino K-12 students attending private
schools.
INCARCERATION RATES
•
Mass incarceration has become a major issue in the United States. Although
comparative metro area incarceration data are not available, state-level data
show that in 2010 that 1.9 percent of Latino males in Wisconsin were
incarcerated, which ranked 34th highest among the 50 states (a far cry from the
1st in the nation ranking for black male incarceration).
•
Latino male incarceration rates in Wisconsin grew rapidly between 1980 and
1990, but have declined since then.
•
In 2013, 6.6 percent of Wisconsin Latino males between the ages of 30-34 were
either in prison or under the supervision of the state Department of Corrections.
This compared to 4.8 percent of whites and 33.5 percent of blacks in this age
cohort.
POLITICS
•
Estimates are that 98 percent of Milwaukee Latinos are registered as
Democrats, tied with Minneapolis for the highest rate in the country among the
50 largest metros.
•
An estimated 56 percent of registered Milwaukee Latinos voted in the 2012
presidential, ranking Milwaukee 28th in Latino political participation among
the 50 large urban areas analyzed here.
•
Despite growing a demographic presence in Milwaukee, Latinos represent a
relatively small share (9 percent) of the Milwaukee city electorate.
9 KEY CHARTS FROM:
Latino Milwaukee: A Statistical Portrait
10 Latino Share of Net Population Growth in Largest U.S. Metropolitan Areas: 2000-2014
Los Angeles
95.9
Hartford
94.5
Miami
93.6
Milwaukee
92.6
Riverside
81.5
San Diego
73.9
Philadelphia
67.0
San Antonio
66.6
Boston
59.6
San Francisco
58.5
Houston
55.9
Orlando
55.6
Tampa
51.7
San Jose
49.8
Dallas
48.1
Las Vegas
46.9
Phoenix
43.5
Sacramento
43.4
Austin
42.5
Salt Lake City
42.3
Baltimore
41.5
Washington DC
40.1
Virginia Beach
39.3
Denver
38.5
Oklahoma City
37.4
St. Louis
36.1
Kansas City
33.6
Birmingham
32.5
Memphis
31.7
Seattle
30.6
Portland
30.4
Indianapolis
26.2
Cincinnati
25.9
Louisville
25.5
Richmond
23.7
Jacksonville
23.4
Atlanta
23.3
Charlotte
22.4
Minneapolis
20.6
Nashville
19.2
Raleigh
18.7
Columbus
14.6
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
The Growing Cultural Generation Gap in Milwaukee: 1990-2014
White Non-Hispanic Share of the “Over 65” and “Under 18” Population 100
93.4
90.1
85.6
90
80
70
70.8
60
61.9
50
53.3
40
30
1990
2000
WNH% <18
2014
WNH %>65
The Growing Cultural Generation Gap in Milwaukee: 1990-­‐2014 Latino Share of the “Over 65” and “Under 18” Population 18
16.3
16
14
12
9.4
10
8
5.8
6
4
2
0
2.9
1.6
1.0
1990
2000
Hispanic% <18
2014
Hispanic %>65
12 Percent Decline in Real Household Income for Hispanics: 1999-2014
Los Angeles
San Antonio
Virginia Beach
San Diego
Philadelphia
Baltimore
Washington
Houston
Riverside
Providence
Buffalo
Pittsburgh
New Orleans
Miami
Oklahoma City
Hartford
Boston
Sacramento
Dallas
Seattle
Jacksonville
Tampa
Salt Lake City
St. Louis
Phoenix
Denver
Portland
Orlando
Austin
Las Vegas
Cleveland
San Francisco
Chicago
Richmond
Raleigh
Louisville
Cincinnati
Minneapolis
Columbus
Kansas City
Nashville
Milwaukee
San Jose
Charlotte
Birmingham
Detroit
Memphis
Atlanta
Indianapolis
2.3
2.4
2.9
3.2
3.4
4.1
5.0
5.8
7.6
8.0
9.7
10.2
10.3
11.0
11.0
12.3
14.1
15.4
15.5
15.5
15.9
17.0
17.3
17.4
17.4
18.2
18.3
18.6
18.7
18.9
18.9
19.7
20.0
20.7
20.8
21.1
21.5
22.0
22.5
22.9
24.5
24.7
24.7
25.7
26.4
29.5
34.3
37.5
38.4
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
13 Percentage of Metropolitan Area Latinos Living in
Concentrated Poverty Neighborhoods: 2010-2014
Buffalo Milwaukee Philadelphia Louisville Phoenix Hartford Cleveland Detroit Indianapolis Memphis Providence Oklahoma City Kansas City Columbus New York Sacramento Austin Las Vegas Houston Cincinnati Los Angeles Riverside Dallas New Orleans San Antonio Richmond Charlotte Boston San Diego Miami Tampa Atlanta Pittsburgh Nashville Portland Chicago Denver Raleigh Seattle Birmingham St. Louis Orlando Jacksonville Baltimore Virginia Beach San Francisco Minneapolis Salt Lake City Washington San Jose 29.3
27.5
22.3
22.2
21.8
20.0
18.4
17.0
16.6
16.5
14.9
14.5
13.6
12.2
10.4
9.6
9.5
9.4
9.2
9.1
8.1
7.9
7.8
7.5
7.2
6.9
6.1
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.1
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.9
0.2
0.1
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
14 Latino-White Household Income, and Concentrated Poverty in
Metropolitan Milwaukee: 2010-2014
% of households in income class living in concentrated poverty neighborhoods
Annual Income Class
White
Hispanic
(in 2014$)
Under $10,000
$10,000-$24,999
9.7
5.0
44.1
36.3
$25,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000-$199,000
$200,000+
2.3
1.0
0.5
0.2
28.1
17.7
11.1
5.4
15 Non-employment Rates, By Race, for Young Adult Males in
Metropolitan Milwaukee: 2014
% of males, ages 20-24, unemployed or not in the labor force
60
53.2 50
40
30
22.8 22.5 WhiteNH
Latino
20
10
0
Black
Non-employment Rates, By Race, for Prime Working Years Males
in Metropolitan Milwaukee: 2014
% of males, ages 25-54, unemployed or not in the labor force
40.0
37.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
11.6
13.7
10.0
5.0
0.0
Black
WhiteNH
Latino
16 The Latinoisation of Prime Working Years Male Employment in Urban America
Employed 25-54 year old males in selected metropolitan areas: 1990-2014
Metropolitan Area
Atlanta
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Charlotte
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Dallas
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Denver
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Houston
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Indianapolis
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Kansas City
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Las Vegas
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Milwaukee
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Minneapolis
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Nashville
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Oklahoma City
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
Orlando
Total Employed
Latino Employed
Latino Share of Net Employment Gain
1990
2014
Change
1990-2014
602,948
12,872
968,434
128,653
+365,486
+115,781
31.7%
234,738
2,306
413,157
48,575
+178,419
+46,269
25.9%
821,064
102,285
1,272,866
384,516
+451,802
+282,231
62.5%
347,480
36,505
537,729
116,564
+190,249
+80,059
42.1%
687,668
137,161
1,200,508
475,166
+512,840
+338,005
65.9%
244,142
2,224
328,729
25,426
+84,587
+23,202
27.4%
297,830
7,802
357,318
33,285
+59,488
+25,483
42.8%
147,543
16,701
355,274
116,014
+207,731
+99,313
47.8%
264,776
7,281
260,813
29,629
-3,963
+22,348
All
519,694
5,838
650,714
38,457
+131,020
+32,619
24.9%
195,148
1,436
318,833
26,471
+123,685
25,035
20.2%
174,068
5,843
219,213
30,199
+45,145
+24,356
54.0%
215,981
17,322
390,978
116,471
+174,997
+99,149
56.7%
17 Index of Labor Market Concentration for Latino Males: 2014
Construction and Extraction Occupations
Nashville
Raleigh
Atlanta
Washington, D.C.
Charlotte
Richmond
Columbus
Louisville
Indianapolis
New Orleans
Oklahoma City
Virginia Beach
San Jose
Kansas City
Denver
San Francisco
Baltimore
Salt Lake City
Dallas
Austin
Seattle
Cincinnati
Houston
Detroit
Pittsburgh
Portland
Jacksonville
Tampa
Hartford
Phoenix
Sacramento
Minneapolis
San Diego
Philadelphia
Las Vegas
Los Angeles
New York
Orlando
Boston
San Antonio
Chicago
Providence
Miami
Riverside
St. Louis
Cleveland
Milwaukee
Buffalo
388.2
377.0
362.2
349.2
348.2
343.7
337.7
331.6
287.3
272.6
261.4
255.9
255.1
252.7
249.1
238.9
233.1
232.6
232.0
215.3
203.3
202.2
193.9
190.7
185.3
184.6
183.9
180.8
173.3
173.0
166.9
166.2
165.9
165.1
163.5
162.5
160.5
153.6
145.5
144.4
143.4
140.6
140.4
127.2
119.5
101.2
100.0
56.0
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
450.0
18 Index of Labor Market Concentration for Latino Males: 2014
Production Occupations
Milwaukee
Boston
Chicago
Cleveland
Kansas City
Salt Lake City
San Francisco
New York
Los Angeles
Providence
Phoenix
Philadelphia
Dallas
San Diego
New Orleans
Houston
Oklahoma City
Atlanta
Denver
Sacramento
San Jose
Hartford
Austin
Las Vegas
Raleigh
Riverside
Nashville
Tampa
Minneapolis
San Antonio
Washington, D.C.
Columbus
Charlotte
St. Louis
Seattle
Miami
Detroit
Orlando
Portland
Indianapolis
Baltimore
Jacksonville
Richmond
Louisville
Pittsburgh
Buffalo
Cincinnati
Virginia Beach
196.5
194.0
192.8
186.2
166.6
158.4
156.5
154.7
153.2
151.5
148.6
147.1
144.1
143.2
143.2
143.1
138.0
137.5
136.0
135.5
134.7
134.6
132.1
131.1
129.7
128.2
127.6
124.5
123.9
120.5
120.0
115.6
115.3
115.1
114.8
114.5
113.8
112.5
108.9
106.5
103.1
97.8
95.7
92.6
88.5
83.9
70.8
61.4
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
19 Earnings Distribution By Race, Ethnicity, and Citizenship for
Male Workers in Metro Milwaukee: 2006-2010
% of workers in each group in selected annual earnings classes
Under 25k
Black
25-50k
50-100k
42.7
WhiteNH
37.0
22.5
30.4
Latino Non
Citizen
20%
2.7
11.9
31.5
41.3
0%
17.8
35.1
62.5
Latino Citizen
Over 100k
36.1
40%
60%
5.2
20.1
80%
0.8
2.5
100%
Change in Percentage of Population, By Race and Age, Without
Health Insurance Coverage: Metropolitan Milwaukee, 2009-2014
2009
2014
Under 18
Black
White Not Hispanic
Hispanic
4.3
2.7
12.1
3.0
1.8
5.8
Ages 18-64
Black
White Not Hispanic
Hispanic
19.3
9.6
39.0
18.0
6.9
29.6
Under 65
Black
White Not Hispanic
Hispanic
13.4
7.9
28.2
12.8
5.7
20.0
20 Percentage of Population Over 25 Years Old With At Least a
High School Degree, By Race
Metropolitan Milwaukee: 2014
100.0
90.0
94.9
80.7
80.0
66.4
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Black
White
Latino
Percentage of Population Over 25 Years Old With At Least a
Bachelor’s Degree, By Race
Metropolitan Milwaukee: 2014
45.0
39.0
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
13.6
12.7
10.0
5.0
0.0
Black
White
Latino
21 Latino Schoolchildren Attending Hypersegregated Schools: 2013-14
% of Latino students attending 90% minority schools
Los Angeles
New York
Houston
San Jose
San Antonio
San Francisco
Miami
Riverside
Chicago
Dallas
San Diego
Milwaukee
Memphis
Phoenix
Atlanta
Providence
Austin
Boston
Washington, D.C.
Las Vegas
Philadelphia
Denver
Detroit
Charlotte
Buffalo
Hartford
Richmond
Oklahoma City
Kansas City
Baltimore
Indianapolis
Orlando
Birmingham
Sacramento
Columbus
New Orleans
Minneapolis
Tampa
St. Louis
Raleigh
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Salt Lake City
Virginia Beach
Seattle
Jacksonville
Louisville
Pittsburgh
Nashville
Portland
74.1
56.7
56.4
54.0
51.5
50.4
50.1
48.2
47.9
46.0
44.8
41.8
41.7
40.3
40.1
39.1
36.7
34.8
34.4
31.5
31.3
31.1
30.1
27.5
24.8
24.6
24.1
22.9
19.4
17.6
17.4
17.1
14.9
14.7
11.9
10.0
9.4
9.2
6.9
6.6
6.5
5.4
4.8
3.4
2.6
2.3
2.2
1.0
1.0
0.02
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
*Note: Public school enrollment data for Miami, Nashville, Oklahoma City, Philadelphia, Portland, Riverside, San
Diego, and Seattle is from 2012-13. Private school data for all metros is from 2011-12.
22 Percentage of Latino Schoolchildren Enrolled in Private Schools in
The Nation’s Largest Metropolitan Areas: 2011-12
Milwaukee
New Orleans
St. Louis
Pittsburgh
Los Angeles
Jacksonville
Cleveland
Columbus
Chicago
San Francisco
New York
Cincinnati
Kansas City
Orlando
Boston
Philadelphia
Minneapolis
Miami
Indianapolis
Buffalo
Tampa
Providence
Baltimore
Louisville
Detroit
San Jose
Washington, D.C.
Virginia Beach
San Antonio
Richmond
Hartford
Birmingham
Denver
Memphis
Salt Lake City
Phoenix
Charlotte
Atlanta
Dallas
Houston
Portland
Austin
Raleigh
Nashville
Las Vegas
Riverside
Sacramento
Seattle
Oklahoma City
16.8
10.2
10.0
8.8
7.4
7.1
6.9
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.2
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
23 Percentage of Wisconsin Males, By Age and Race, In Prison
Or Under Supervision of the Department of Corrections: 2013
Age Cohort
Black
White
Latino
18-24
17.2
2.6
2.8
25-29
31.0
5.1
5.6
30-34
33.5
4.8
6.6
35-44
25.6
3.2
7.1
45-54
17.2
2.2
5.3
55+
7.9
0.8
3.1
24