PHYSICS
1. Mechanics and Relativity
conservative
forcefiekLand
potentiaLenergy,
GravitatiOlJaJpptential,
Kepler's Law, Centre of mass and laboratory
coordinate
Motion
of linear and angular momentum,
Inertial and non inertial
experiment
and
transformation,
implications.
Galilian
contraction,
time dilation,
equivalence,
particle with zero rest mass.
2. Thermal & Statistical
Maxwell's
theory
velocity
addition
theorem.
,
system. Coriolis force and its application's,
Conservation
its
under centralforce
Frams, Michelson - Morley
Lorentz
Variation
transformation,
of mass with velocity,
length
mass energy
o
Physics
relations and their applications.
of specific
heat
of solids,
Einstein & Debye
Cooling by Adiabatic demagnetization.
concept
of phonons,
Statistical
basis· of thermodynamics,
constrains, accessible and inaccessible states, distribution
of particles with a given total energy into
a discrete
Boltzmann
set of energy states. Probability
Distribution
of Speeds and velocities
and entropy,
entropy
relation,
Mexwellian
.Doppler's broadening of spectral lines.
3. Optics
Michelson
interferometer.
Diffraction
grating,
and rotation
Fabry perot
interferometer
Concave grating and its different
Holography
mountings.
and its simple
Double refraction,
applications.
optical rotation
of plane of polarization.
4. Electricity and Electronics
AC circuits, complex numbers and their applications
electric power,
in solving AC circuit problems. Transmission of
Magnetic force on moving Charge, Biot Sevart law, Ampears Law, Theory of diodes,
. Types of diodes and their applications.
Characteristics
of transistors,h
thermal runaway. FET: JFETand MOSFET, their construction,
parameters,
bias stability,
working and uses.
S. Sound and Acoustics
Speed of transverse waves in a uniform string. Speed of longitudinal
and energy transmission
and music, intensity
and reproduction
6.Quantum
in waves. Diffraction
waves in a fluid. Energy density
of sound. Principle of sonar system, ranging. Noise
and loudness and their units, transducers
of sound. Acoustics of halls, reverberation
and their characteristics.
Recording
period, Sabine formula.
Mechanics
De-Broglies Hypothesis,
time, consequences
equation,
Heisenberg
of uncertainty
postulatory
probabilities,
uncertainty
for p and x, its extension
relation., gamma ray microscope,
basis of quantum
application
relation
mechanics,
operators,
particle in a box. Schrodinger's
expectation
to a particle in one and three dimensional
to energy and
values,
transition
boxes, harmonic oscillator.
7. Atomic Spectra
Hydrogen atom, natural occurrence
comparision
with
Bohr's theory.
doublet fine structure,
of n, I and m quantum numbers, the related physical quantities,
Spectra of hydrogen,
deutron
and alkali atoms, spectral terms,
screening constants for alkali spectra for s, p d and f states, selection rules,
singlet and triplet fine structure
in alkaline earth spectra, L-S coupling and J-J coupling, fine strctu re
of hydrogen atom.
8. Molecular
Spectra and Spectroscopy
Discrete set of electronic
energies of molecules, quantization
determination
nuclear
Dissociation
electronic
of
inter
limits for the ground
vibration
Raman and infrared
phosphorescence.
distance,
pure
and other electronic
rotational
states,
of vibrational
and
transition
spectra. Raman effect. Stokes and antistokes
spectra, experiemental
arrangement
rotation
and rotational
energies,
- vibration
spectra.
rules for pure vibration
lines, complementry
for Raman spectroscopy.
an d
character of
Fluorescence &
lid State Physics
, Lattices:
Lattice types, lattice planes. Common crystal structures
Bragg's Law, electrons
lnperiodic
potentiahnearlvfree
energy gap, metals, semiconductors,
Mobility
insulators,
electron
Laue's theory of X-ray diffraction,
model (qualitative),
density of states,
energy bands,
Fermi energy, Fermi velocity.
of electrons and holes, Hall effect and Hall coefficient.
10. Nuclear Physics
Basic nuclear
counter,
properties,
proportional
general concepts
and scintillation
Q-value of nuclear reactions,
stars. Compound
of nuclear forces, working
of nuclear detectors,
G-M
counters, cloud chamber, spark chambers. Nuclear reactions,
nuclear fission and nuclear fusion (concepts),
energy production
nucleus, direct reactions (concepts). Shell model, liquid drop model.
----0----
in
CHEMISTRY
1. Symmetry
Symmetry
elements and sYmmetry
9perations.ReqJgnitionof
elements
in AB2 and AB3 molecules.
symmetrYPQintgroup
and symmetry
2. Atomic structure
Idea of de Broglie matter
waves. Heisenberg's
(time independent).
Significance
radial
wave
and angular
multiplicity
lj.J
functions,
and
bond,
Born-Haber
Schrodinger
particle in one-dimensional
lj.J2,
wave equation
box, quantum
Aufbau
numbers,
principle,
Hund's
Effective nuclear charge.
'.
percent
characteristics
principle,
shapes of s. p, d and orbitals,
rule, Pauli exclusion principle.
3. Chemical bonding
Ionic
of
uncertainity
ionic
character
of ionic compounds,
cycle; covalent
and their
dipole
Molecular
orbital theory
from
factors
dipole
moment
and
affecting stability
of ionic compounds,
bond and its general characteristics,
moments.
Valency
bond theory,
(lCAO method);
concept
polarities
character
difference,
lattice energy,
of bonds in molecules
of resonance
bonding in homo nuclear
H2+, H2 to Ne2, NO, CO. The concept of hybridization,
electro negativity
and resonance energy.
and heteronuclear
molecules:
of bonds, bond angles and bond
length. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Metallic bonding.
4. Solid State
Forms
of solids,
law
of constancy
(crystallographic
groups).
rational
Bragg's law. X-ray
indices.
--calculation
-of-some
Imperfections
of interfacial
Designation
limiting
crystal
of crystal faces, lattice
diffraction
radius
in crystals. Elementary
angles,
ratio
by crystals.
systems
structures
of
classes
and unit cell. laws
Close packing,
values. Structures
and crystal
radious ratio
NaCl, CsCl, and
of
rules,
KCI.- Crystal
study of liquid crystals.
s. Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic
systems,
thermodynamics,
calorimetry,
states
and
processes, work,
heat and internal
work done on the systems and heat absorbed
energy and enthalpy
entropy
entropy-reversibility
and irreversibility,
between
constant
of thermodynamics.
entropy
Free energy functions;
and thermodynamic
Thermodynamics
action and Clapeyron-Clausius
as a state function,
derivations
quantities;
law
of
types of processes;
changes in various processes and their temperature
Second law of thermodynamics;
equilibrium
in different
energy; first
dependence.
changes in various process,
criteria
for equilibrium,
Nernst heat theorem
of - Gibbs-Helmholtz
equation,
relation
and third
law of
law
mass
equations.
6. Electrochemistry
Conductivity
and itsapplications
to determine
- Dissociation constant
product of sparingly soluble salts Conductrometric
Debye-Huckel
Galvanic
titration.
theory of strong electrolytes.
cells, concentration
and batteries.
of weak electrolyte Solubility
cells; electrochemical
Processes at electrodes;
series, measure-ment
double layer at the interface
of e.m.f. of cells, fuel cell s
of metal and solvent; rate of
charge transfer, current density; overpotential.
7. Chemical kinetics
Concentration
dependence
of rate of reaction;
first, and second order of reactions.
and transition
defferential
Effect of temperature
and integral
rate equations
for zeroth,
and pressure on rate constant. Collision
s
state theories.
8. Photochemistry
Absorption
of light; decay of excited
state by different
hydrogen and halogens and their quantum
¥
yields.
k
routes; photochemical
reactions betwee
n
C?7
\A~~
'r~
Surface phenomena
Absorption
from
isotherm;
gases and solutions
determination
heterogeneous
~
and catalysis
of
on solid adsorbents,
surface.
area,
Freundlich
characteristics.
and
and Langmuir
mechanism
of
adsorption
reaction
on
catalysts,
. Bio~inorganic chemistry
Essential and trace elements
haemoglobin
fsrredoxlns.
and
in biological
myoglobin.
nitrogen
processes, metalloporphyrins
fixation,
oxygen-uptake
with special reference
proteins,
cytochromes
to
and
Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions .
. Coordination
chemistry
(1) Introduction
to bonding
.
.
theories
in transition
.
metal complexes:
Valency bond theory,
crystal
field theory, Ligand field theory and molecular orbital theory.
(2) Magnetic
properties
of transition
coupling), orbital contribution
transitions,
Magnetic
moment
(spin only and with L-S
to magnetic moment.
(3) Electronic spectra of transition
of electronic
metal complexes:
metal complexes: Spectroscopic
selection
rules for d-d transitions.
ground and excited states, types
Spectrochemical
series. Orgel-energy
level diagram for dl to d9 states.
(4) Isomerism
in coordination
stereochemistry
compounds.
IUPAC nomenclature
of complexes with 4, 5 and 6 coordination
complexes; trans effect and its theories; thermodynamic
(5) Organometallic
chemistry:
Synthesis, structure
Lanthanides
of inner transition
and actinides:
elements
Occurrence,
compounds;
numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear
and kinetic stability of complexes.
and bonding in metal carbonyl complexes,
olefin complexes and metal alkyne complexes. Oxidative addition
·2. General chemistry
of coordination
metal
reactions.
-
separation,
oxidation
states and magnetic
properties;
lanthanide contraction.
3. Reaction mechanisms
Generai
methods
illustrated
of
(both
kinetic
by examples-use
simple
organic
thermodynamic
and non-kinetic)
of study
of isotopes, intermediate
reactions-transition
states
of mechanism
trapping,
and
of organic
stereochemistry;
intermediates;
reactions
energy diagrams
energy
of
activation;
control and kinetic control of reactions.
4. Reactive intermediates
Generation, geometry,
stability and reactions of carbonium
ions, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes
and benzynes.
5. Name reactions
Aldol condensation,
Wolff-Kishner
Fischer indole
Claisen condensation,
reduction,
Cannizzaro
synthesis,
Perkin reaction,
reaction
Skraup synthesis,
Knoevenagel reaction, Wittig
and von Richter
Sandmeyer
reaction;
reaction,
benzoin
reaction,
condensation;
Reimer-Tiemann
reaction
and
Reformatsky reaction.
6. Synthetic polymers
Addition
or
chain
growth
polymerization
polymerization,
Ziegler-Natta
polymerization,
polymerization.
Polyesters,
polyamides,
free
radical
vinyl
viryl polymerization
phenol-formaldehyde
polymerization,
Condensation
ionic
vinyl
or step growth
resins, urea-formaldehyde
resins,
epoxy resins.
Photochemical
triplet
reactions
of simple
states, Jablonski diagram.
transfer process. '\
organic compounds,
excited
and ground
Fluorescence and phosphorescence.
Quantum
states,
singlet and
yield and energy
../
®41irl~
18. Organic spectroscopy
~
Problems pertaining to the structure elucidation of simple organic compounds using UV-visible, IR
andNMR spectroscopy.
19. Heterocyclic compounds
Molecular orbital picture and aromatic characteristic of pyrrole, furane, thiophene and pyridene.
Methods of synthesis and chemical reactions with particular emphasis on the mechanism of
electrophilic substitution. Comparison of basicity of pyridene, piperidene and pyrrole. Preparation
and reactions of indole, quinoline and iosquiniline.
20. Stereochemistry of carbon compounds
Elements of symmetry, chiral and achiral compounds. Fischer projection formulae;
isomerism of lactic and tartaric
optical
acids, enantiomerism and diastereoisomerism; configuration
(relative and absolute); conformations of ethane and n-butane, and cyclohexane. 0, L-and R, Snotations of compounds containing chiral centres; projection formulae-Fischer, Newman and
Sawhorse of compounds containing two adjacentchiral centres; meso and dl-isomers, erythro and
threo isomers; racemization nd resolution; geometrical isomers; Eand Z notations.
21. Organometallic compounds
Preparation and synthetic uses of Grignard reagents, alkyl lithium compounds.
22. Active methylene compounds
Oiethyl malonate and ethyl. acetoacetate-applications in organic synthesis; tautomerism (ketoenol).
23. Analytical chemistry
Errors in- quantitative -analysis, classification of errors, minimization of errors, precision and
accuracy, significance of figures, co-precipitation and post-precipitation, optimum conditions for
precipitation, choice of indicators in the acid -base titration, theories of indicators, principle of
EOTA titration.
Numerical questions on Quantitative estimation of pyrolusite, iodometry, silver
coin, acidbase titration, redox titration.
-----00-----
BOTANY
Structure,"
classification,
(mycoplasma),
reproduction
ana
bacteria and cyanobacteria.
economic
importance
of
phvtoplasma
Virus,
Microbes in industry and agriculture.
Plant Pathology
Knowledge of plant diseases caused by fungi, modes of infection
and methods of control.
3 Plant Diversity
Structure,
reproduction,
life history,
classification
bryophytes
pteridophytes
and gymnosperms.
and economic
importance
of algae, fungi,
4 Angiosperms
Tissue and tissue systems. Morphology
and anomalous
ovule,
primary
and anatomy of root, stem and leaf. Developmental
and secondary structures.
Morphology
and megasporogenesis,
fertilization
microsporogenesis
of flower,
structure
and embryo
aspect
of anther and
development.
Seed
development.
S Taxonomy
Priniciples
of nomenclature
general account
Fabaceae
and classification
of the following
(Leguminosae),
Euphorbiaceae,
families
Apiaceae,
of angiosperms.
: Ranunculaceae,
Apocynaceae,
Modern
trends
in taxonomy.
Brassicaceae, Malvaceae,
Asclepiadaceae,
Solanaceae,
A
Rutaceae,
Lamiaceae,
Liliaceae and Poaceae. Botanical gardens.
Cell Biology
Ce!l~as unit of str~cture
of plasma membrane,
Chromosomes:
& function.
endoplasmic
Structure,
Prokaryotic and eukerayotic
reticulum,
mitochondria,
cells. Ultra structure
ribosomes
chloroplasts
and functions
and nucleus.
chemical nature and behaviour during mitosis and meiosis. Special types
of chromosomes.
7. Genetics and Evolution
Mendelism,
concept of gene, structure
and regulation.
and types of DNA and RNA, genetic code, protein synthesis
Theories of organic evolution
and evidences.
8. Plant Physiology
Absorption
and conduction
Photorespiration,
their functions.
of water. Transpiration,
Enzymes, Nitrogen
Photoperiodism.
metabolism
Mineral nutrition.
and fermentation.
Photosynthesis,
Growth,
Respiration,
plant hormones
and
Seed dormancy and germination.
9. Ecology
Scope of
Ecology,
communities
ecological
factors,
structure,
function
and dynamics
of Ecosystem.
and succession. Applied aspects of ecology including conservation,
and management
of natural
resources. Endangered plants, endemism
control of pollution
and red data book. Global
warming, acid rains and ozone layer depletion.
1 . Economic Botany
Plants as sources of food, fodder, fibers, spices, beverages, medicines and timber.
------0------
Plant
.
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ZOOLOGY
1. Non-chordata and chordata
.(1)
(2)
Classfication and relationship
Protozoa
- Structure,
Monocystis,
Plasmodium,
(3)
Porifera - Stucture,
(4)
Coelenterata
formation;
(5)
of various phyla upto sub-classes.
locomotion,
Trypnosoma
histology,
Platyhelminthes
reproduction;
and life history
of Paramaecium,
and Amoeba.
Skeleton, canal system and reproduction
- Polymorphism,
metagenesis;
nutrition,
defensive
structures
and their
in sycon
mechanism;
coral reefs and their
general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia.
- Parasitic adaptation;
general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and
their relation to man.
(6)
Nemathelminthes
-
Nemathelminths
(7)
General
in relation
features,
life
history
and
parasitic
adaptation
of
Ascaris;
to man.
Annelida - Coelom and metamerism;
general features and life history of Neanthes, Pheretima
and
Hirudinaria.
(8)
Arthropoda
- External features,
organ systems and life histry of prawn, scorpion
Mouth parts in insects (cockroach,
insects and its hormonal
regulation;
(9) Mollusca - Feeding, respiration,
and detorsion
(10) Echinodermata
mosquito,' housefly, honey bee and butterfly);
social organization
locomotion,
in insects (termites
and cockroach.
metamorphosis
in
and honey bees).
general features and life history of Unio & Pila.Torsion
in gastropods.
- General features,
Feeding, respiration,
water vascular system and locomotion
of
Asterias.
(11) -Prot6cliordata
'; Orlgiri - of chordates;
Branchiostoma.
general
features
and
life
history
of
Herdamania
and
(
(12) Pisces - Scales, respiration,
locomotion,
migration.
Structure and Affinities
of Dipnoi.
(13) Amphibia - Parental care, neoteny & paedogenesis.
(14) Reptilia - Poisonous and non poisonous snakes of M.P. - Biting mechanism of snakes.
(15) Aves - Flight adaptation
relation of profotheria
(16) Comparative
derivatives,
and migration.
Mammalia
- Structural
peculiarities
and phyllogenetic
and methatheria
functional
endoskeleton
system (heart and aortic
anatomy
of
following
systems
of
vertebrates-integument
(limbs and girdles only), digestive system, respiratory
arches only) urino-genital
and
its
system, circulatory
system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear
only).
2. Ecology
(1)
Biosphere
- Biogeochemical
cycles, green-houses
effect,
ozone layer and its impact;
ecological
succession.
(2)
Population, characteristics,
(3)
Wild life of India its conservations.
and its impact on biosphere
population
dynamics, population
Biosphere
stabilization.
reserves. Environmental
biodegradation;
pollution
arid its prevention.
3. Ethology
(1)
Behaviour - Learning, instinct,
(2)
Role of hormones
primates;
courtship
habituation,
conditioning,
in drive; roie of pheromones
(DrOSOPhil~a 3-spine
in alarm spreading;
stickleback
rhythms.
~
imprinting.
and birds).
social behaviour
Biological
in insects and
clock and circadian
..--.- ..
~
· Economic Zoolo
1) Apiculture,
sericulture,
2) Majorinfecti()us
lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture.
and communicable
diseases (small pox, plague, malaria, tuberculosis,
AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.
cholera and
Insects and diseases in relation to man.
1)
2)
Chromatography-(paper
and thin layer)
o
3)
Microtomy
4)
Preparation
5)
Museum keeping & preservation
of fixatives, stains and reagents
6) Skeleton preparation
1)
Structure
u
and taxidermy.
and function
bodies, endoplasmic
of cell and its organelles(nucleus,
reticulum,
plasma membrane,
mitochondria,
Golgi
ribosomes and Lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), cell
cycle.
2) Watson-Crick
model of DNA, replication
3)
Protein synthesis.
4)
Cell fusion.
"oj"
Genetics and biotech nolo
1)
Genetic code.
2) Sex chromosomes
and sex determination
3)
of
Mendel's
laws
inheritance
inheritance,
of DNA,
in Drosophilla, and man.
recombination,
linkage,
and
crossing
over,
multiple
alleles,
of blood groups.
4)
Mutations
and mutagenesis:
5)
Cloning technology,
radiation and chemical.
plasmids and cosmids as vectors,
transgenics,
transposons,
DNA sequence
cloning and whole animal cloning (Principles and methodology).
6)
Regulation and gene expression in pro-and eu-karyotes.
7)
Congenital diseases in man.
8)
DNA finger-printing.
Evolution
and
s stematics
1)
Origin of life
2)
Lamarck and his works.
3)
Darwin and his works.
4)
Sources and nature of organic variation.
5)
Natural selection.
6)
Isolation.
7)
Concept
of species and sub-species,
international
of classification,
code, cladistics.
8)
Fossils,
9)
Geological eras.
10) Distribution
principles
of animals, zoogeographical
realms of the world.
zoological
nomenclature
and
I
9. Biochemistry
(1)
Structure and role of carbohydrates,
fats, lipids, proteins, aminoacids,
(2)
Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxldatlcnand
reduction, oxidatlvephosphorvlation:
and release, ATP, cyclic AMP-its structure
(3)
Hormone and their function.
(4)
Enzymes: types and mechanisms
(5)
Immunoglobulin
nucleic acids.
energy conservation
and role.
of action and co-enzymes.
and immunity.
10. Physiology (with reference to mammals)
[I} Composition
and constitutents
thermo regulation.
(2)
of blood;
its coagulation,
factors
and mechanism
of coagulation;
Blood group and Rh factor in man.
Oxygen and carbon
dioxide
transport;
haemoglobin
: constitutents
and its role in regulation,
of
gaseous transport.
(3)
Nutritive
requirements;
role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands in digestion and
absorption.
(4)
Excretory products;
nephron and regulation
(5)
Types of muscles, mechanism
(6)
Neuron, nerve impulse-its
(7)
Vision, hearing and olfaction
(8)
Mechanism of hormone
of urine formation;
of contraction
conduction
osmoregulation.
of skeletal muscles.
and synaptic transmission;
neurotransmitters.
in man.
action.
(9) _Physiology of reproduction;
~o.l~_of hormones
in reproduction.
11. Embryology
(i)
Gametogenesis,
Branchiostoma,
fertilization,
types
of
eggs, cleavage,
frog and chick, Metamorphosis
development
in frog, formation
up
membranes in chick and mammals. Types and functions of placenta in mammals;
(2)
Paedogenesis and neoteny.
(3)
Growth, regeneration
(4)
In vitro fertilization;
and aging.
embryo transfer, cloning.
---0---
to
gastrulation
in
and fate of extra embryonic
Geography
(1JOrigipgf
the Earth- Theories r~garding the originJJf th~earth.
(2) Earth's crust- Origin of rocks, their types, Interior of the earth, Theories regarding the origin of
continents
and mountains,
underground
water,
Agents of denudation-
Weathering and Erosion, Work of running water,
glacier, wind and oceanic waves. Earthquakes, V olea noes and their
world
distribution.
(3) Landforms-
Mountains,
Plateaus and Plains-types and their world distribution
Climatology
(1) Atmosphere:
Structure
and composition
of atmosphere,
Vertical
distribution
of atmospheric
layers and their characteristics.
(2) Temperature:
Horizontal distribution
of temperature.
(3) Pressure and wind system: Pressure belts of the globe, Types of winds and their distribution,
local winds,
jet
stream,
Air masses and Fronts, Cyclones and Anticyclones
and their
related
weather.
(4) Humidity,
condensation
Condensation
and Precipitation:
and precipitation,
(5) Classification
of
Distribution
Climates:
Measurement
of precipitation
The general
of humidity
in the air, Types of
over the globe.
classification
of
world
climate
by Koppen
and
Thornthwa ite.
Oceanography:
(1) Relief features
of the ocean beds, Origin of continental
shelf, continental
slope and basims,
ocean deeps and ocean canvons..
(2) Temperature
and salinity of oceans- causes and regional variations.
(3) Oceanic movements:
(4) Marine
deposits
Waves, Currents and Tide.
and Coral reefs: Source, types and distribution
coral reefs, important
of marine deposits, Origin of
coral reefs of the world.
New Trends in Geography
Concept of distance, space, region, regionalization
and regionalism,
Environmental
sustainability.
Human Geography
(1) Population-
growth,
developed and developing
(2) Settlements:
and functional
density
and distribution
in the
Population
problems
of the
countries.
origin, types and pattern of rural settlements,
classification
world,
Process of urbanization,
Morphology
of towns.
Economic Geography
(1) Geography
of primary
production:
Agriculture-wheat,
rice, sugarcane,
tea, coffee,
cotton,
rubber. livestock and fisheries.
(2) Minerals: world production
and distribution
(3) Power Resources; world distribution
(4) Industries:
of iron ore, manganese, tin, and bauxite.
of coal, petroleum, and hydroelectricity.
Iron and steel, Cotton textile and Petro chemical industry,
Major industrial regions of
the world.
(5) Transport
and Communication:
Major land, sea and air routes of the world,
Changes in the
world economy in the context of globalization .
. Physical Aspects
Geological
history
of Indian sub-continent,
divisions of Madhya Pradesh.
Physiographic divisions and drainage system, Physical
<.
8. Climate
Temperature
and pressure conditions,
ralnfaltCllmatlc
Origin and mechanism
of Indian monsoon,
Distribution
of
of rain fail and water scarcity a-rea5 ()f MadhvaPradesh.
regions, Distribution
9. Soils and Natural Vegetation
Soil types and their
distribution,
Forest types and their distribution.
Problems
of soil erosion in
Madhya Pradesh, Forest resources of Madhya Pradesh.
10. Population and Settlements
Growth,
density
and distribution
Pradesh, Process of urbanization
of population,
Population
policies of India. Tribes of Madhya
in India, Problems of Indian cities.
11. Economic Aspects
(1) Agriculture
agricultural
- Major
crops- their
distribution
sector- Impact of green revolution,Market
agriculture pattern
Mica, Coal, Petroleum
economy and globalization
issues of
and its impact on
and production
of Iron are, Manganese,
Bauxite,
and distribution
of Iron and Steel, Cotton textile,
Sugar and
Emerging industrial areas of Madhya Pradesh.
{4} Trade and Transport
- Indian
road and rail transport
network.
Changing
pattern
of Indian
and regional
planning.
trade.
(S) Regional Development
Problems and planning
development
Contemporary
and Hydroelectricity
(3) Industries - Factors of localization
Cement industries.
pattern.
and changing trends in M.P.
(2) Minerals and Power Resources - Distribution
international
and changing
and Planning - Concept of regional
of hill areas, drought
imbalance
prone areas and flood prone areas. Narmada valley
in Madhya Pradesh. -
------00-----
Home Science Syllabus For MPPEB, Bhopal- 2015
I. Foods & Nutrition
Basic Nutrition-Different
types of Nutrients, recommended dietary allowances,
deficiency and excess of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins and Minerals, Food
Groups, Balanced diet ,Food Exchange list. Physiology- Cell, Tissues, Bones and
their structure, Circulatory System, Digestive System, Respiratory System, Nervous
System, Excretory System and Reproductive System. Sense Organs.
Nutritional Biochemistry. Meal Planning and Therapeutic Nutrition-Meal Planning
for different Age Groups, Pregnancy, Lactation, and Weight related problems, Fevers,
infections and Gastro intestinal disorders
II. Human Development
Developmental Task in infancy Period, Growth and Development,
Heredity and
environment, Pre-natal, Birth to two Years, Early Childhood and Childhood
Education - Physical development, Motor Development, Social Development
Emotional Development, Cognitive and Language Development of all age group.
Adolescence and Adulthood- Developmental tasks of adolescence, Physical changes,
Effect of Physical changes, Problem of Adolescence. Adulthood -Developmental task
of pre and middle adulthood, Characteristics and problem of late. adulthood and
Retirements.
III. Textile and Clothing
~Introduction to textiles, ~Classification
and General .Properties of fibers. Histor y ,
Production, properties and uses of Natural .Man- made and Synthetic fibers. Types of
Yam, Method of spinning, Yam Twist and count. Fabric construction methods, Fabric
finishes,Dyeing methods, Natural and Synthetic Dyes, Faults in dyeing. PrintingMethods of printing, Pretreatments and after treatments of printing, Faults in different
printing methods. Advantages and disadvantages of various methods of printing,
Clothing
Construction-Tools
and Equipment,
Selection
of fabrics, body
measurements, Drafting, Flat Paper pattern making. Sewing techniques, Sociological
and Psychologicalaspects
of clothing. Dress Designing-Elements & Principles of art,
Figure types , designing for different figure types. Fitting and fitting problems,
Historic and traditional textiles of India.
IV. Family Resource Management
Resource Management, Values ,Goals, Standards and Decision Making.
Process of Management , Family Resources, Management of specific resources:
Money, Time and Energy Management, Household Equipment . & Furnishing,
Housing and Interior Decoration, Floor decoration, House Planning, Landscape
Planning:
V. Home Science Extension Education & Communication Home science extension education, Qualities of extension, Teaching Aids, Teaching
methods and Audio - v isual aids .Role of national and international agencies in
extension work. Community development and Community Problems, Rural
development, Gender issues.
Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board
SYLLABUS
··$iLtbJ~ct~A.ORIGl;lJ;$~;iRNGJ;NBBB:I1)r,6;;,',;i~""
Standard- Graduation
Max Marks-l 00
Surveying and Levelling:
Objectives and principles of surveying;
Methods of
Surveying, contour and contour survey; Levelling: Dumpy level and its use.
Farm
machines
machines,
inter
winnowers,
combustio'n
and
equipment-
culture
Field
and plant
maintenance
of
preparation
protection
farm
implements,
equipment,
'implements
and
sowing
threshers
machine.
and
Internal
Engines. Operation and maintenance of Tractors.
Soil erosion
and its control. Water harvesting techniques: pond percolation
tanks
pond-
farm
objectives
and designing;
-.
cement, - sand, -grave-Is)- used- to
construct
calculation
Irrlgation
of raw material
and water
(
storage
structures.
~
,
,
Irrigation:
~
Methods of Irrigation: Surface and pressurized methods, lrrigatlon
Pumps
o
Rainfali measurement.
Runoff and its estimation
Concepts
Watershed
management.
an'8 characterstics.·
(
Peak rate of runoff.
Watershed
planning
o
)
~v
t
k
v..
~\
and
"
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._~
.__ ~~_.,_.:..c...:c..'.~";';
..' ....__-"~
....
------~~-----------\,
4bject:::AGRIGtJlrrtJRE
Standard- Graduation
Max Marks-l 00
Agro- climate zones and geographical
distribution
of major filed crop.
o
M"ajor filed crops of M.P and India cereals, pulses, sggarcane. fiber and forage crops and thei~
. package of practices; different
Soil structure
classification,
in crop production;
essential
Types
of
soil aggregates (mineral & organic components)
their significance
soil types of M.P; physical chemical and microbiological
fertilizers
; organic
manures;
.,
mixed cropping and utera cultivation.
and beneficial elements of soil their functions and deficiency
reclamation
5.
cropping system;
integrated
nutrient
properties of soil;
symptoms.
management;
causes
and
of acid, salt affected calcareous soils. _.
c
Land and water management;
rain water harvesting;
method
watershed
of irrigation;
management
Types, causes and control of soil erosion;
a
principles of rained farming.
o
6.
7.·
Organic farming
- impbrtance,
relevance and methods.
Preparation.of.cornpost.Ns.Obf>,
vermicompost,
B.
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION;
1.
. Definition
and importance
importance;
farm
of Agriculture
management
factors
economics;
affecting
system in M.P meaning and need for agricultural
2.
Objectives
state
and principles
level, its structure
method
of communication
C.
PLANT PROTECTION:
1.
Different
.principles
pesticides
insect
of agricultural
production;
extension
; its meaning
agricultural
network
of extension workers;
aod
marketing
at block, district
and
meaning importance
and
group in extension
pests, diseases and weeds
of crop protection;
planning
price policy.
extension;
and responsibilities
role of-farmers'
farm
farm
integrated
of major field
pest and disease
crops and their
management;
management;
classification
of
and their use.
2.
Importance
and method of seed treatment.
D.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY & PLANT BREEDING:
1.
Crop
physiology
transportation
and its importance
and metabolism;
in agriculture;
photosynthesis
mechanism
and respiration;
of mineral salt absorption,
growth
and development;
types of plant growth regulators with their commercial use in agriculture.
2.
. Importance
composite
principles
of plant breeding
varieties
of major
of seed production:
and genetics
field
crops;
seed act
in crop improvement;
methods
of seed
development
of hybrid &
productiOyebiectives
an d
c
"
-----.,.~--.-~
'1.Principles
..-.-~.
of Aquaculture
Basics of aquaculture-definition
arid scope. History of aquaculture:
Present global and
national scenario. Aquaculture
vs agriculture. Overview of national and international
agricultural systems.
Systems of aquaculture - pond culture, pen culture, cage culture,
running water culture, zero water exchange system, etc. Extensive,
semi-intensive,
intensive and super intensive aquaculture
in different types of water bodies - viz.,
freshwater, brackishwater and inland saline water. Principles of organic aquaculture. Prestocking and post stocking pond management. Criteria for selection of candidate species
for aquaculture. Major candidate species for aquaculture: freshwater, brackish-water
and
marine. Monoculture, polyculture and integrated culture systems. Water and soil quality
in relation to fish production and estimation of productivity.
Physical, chemical and
biological factors affecting productivity of ponds. Nutrition, health management
and
economics.
-,-2. Taxonomy
of Fhlflsh .
Principles of taxonomy.
Nomenclature,
types. Classification
and interrelationships.
Criteria for generic and specific identification.
Morphological, morphometric
and
meristic characteristics of taxonomic significance. Major taxa of inland and marine fishes
up to family level. Commercially
important freshwater and marine fishes of India and
their morphological
characteristics.
Other important
groups of aquatic vertebrates.
Introduction to modem taxonomic tools: karyotaxonomy,
protein analysis and DNA
polymorphism.
, 3.Taxonomy
of Shellfish
Study of external morphology and meristic characteristics
of Crustacea and Mollusca.
Classification of Crustacea and Mollusca up to the level of species with examples of
commercially -important-species,
J
'~4_._M_e_te_o_r_ol_o~gy~a_n_d_G_e_o~g_ra~p_h~y
Nature of Atmosphere: weather and climate; composition
of Atmosphere; structure of
Atmosphere.
Heat energy of Atmosphere:
process of heat transmission;
heating of
Atmosphere;
disposal of insulation; irregular heating of Atmosphere.
Temperature:
Temperature instruments; periodic, horizontal and vertical temperature variations; effects
of vertical air motion on temperature. Humidity and water vapour: relationship between
temperature and humidity; distribution of water vapour in atmosphere;
evaporation,
humidity measurements
and instruments. Condensation
and precipitation:
process of
conditions of condensation, forms of condensation;
precipitation;
forms of precipitation,
measurement
of precipitation;
rainfall in India and AP. Clouds and thunderstorm s:
amount of c1~~:~ncss; ceiling; cI~ation
of clouds; conditions
of cloud formation;
®
.. '
reporting and identification of clouds; thunderstorms. Atmospheric pressure: meanln~ o':l\
Atmospheric pressure; the laws of Gases; pressure units; pressure iI1struments; vertical,
horizontal and periodic variations; isobars and pressure gradients. Wind: characteristics
of wind motion' wind observation
and measurement;
wind representation;
factors
effecting wind motion. Terrestrial or planetary winds: ideal planetary wind system;
planetary pressure belts. Planetary wind system; secondary winds; monsoon winds; land
and sea breeze. Tropical cyclones: storm divisions; pressure and winds; vertical structure
of storm centre; hurricane, sea, swell and surge; hurricane warning. Weather forecasting:
forecasting process; forecasting from local indications;
role of satellite in weather
forecasting; synoptic weather charts. Introduction to Geography: shape, size and structure
of the earth; concepts of latitude, longitude, and great circles; model globe; maps and
different types of projections; cartography; landscape.
I 5.Principles
of Biochemistry
Major biomolecules
in foods and their important
functions.
Classification
of
carbohydrates.
Structures, functions and properties of mono- di- and polysaccharides.
Isomerism. Mutarotation.
Seaweed polysaccharides
- sources and uses. Glycolysis and
TCA cycle. Classification, structure, function and properties of amino acids. Amino acids
and polypeptide.
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.
Amphoteric property. Biuret reaction and xanthoproteic reaction. Principles of protein
purification.
Protein biosynthesis.
Classification, structure, functions and properties of
lipids. Essential fatty acids and phospholipids. Auto-oxidation,
saponification value and
iodine- number. Peroxide value; thiobarbituric
acid number, oxidative and hydrolytic
rancidity. Principle of fatty acid analysis. Significance of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids.
Beta oxidation. Structure, function and importance of nucleic acids. Genetic code and
recombinant
DNA. Transcription;
translation. Enzymes- nomenclature;
classification;
specificity; mechanism of enzyme action; Kinetics and regulation of enzyme activity,
purification
of enzymes. Steroid and peptide HormonesChemistry and function.
Structure and functions of fat and water soluble vitamins.
I 6.Fundamentals
of Microbiology
History of microbiology, microbial world and their structural characters.
Prokaryotesbacteria,
actinomycetes,
spirochaetes,.
cyanobacteria,
mycoplasma,
rickettsiae,
archaebacteria
. viruses,
structure,
classification,
characters
and their
economic
importance. Eukaryotes - fungi, algae, protozoan - structure, classification,
characters
and their - economic
importance.
Microscopy,
sterilization,
staining,
filteration,
Disinfection. Microbial nutrition-nutritional
requirements, cultivation of microorganisms,
types
of
nutrition
photoheterotrophs,
chemoheterotrophs,
photoautotrophs,
chemoautotrophd and their ecological significance. Microbial growth and metabolism measurement
of cell growth, dynamics of bacterial growth, factors affecting growth.
Energy yielding reactions,
respiration - aerobes, anaerobes,
microaerophiles
and
facultative
anaerobes.
Enzymes - characters
and their importance
in microbial
metabolism.
Pathways of catabolism - EM, ED pathways and TCA cycle, fermentation,
types of fermentation.
Bacterial
photosynthesis,
Microbial
ecologymicrobial
interactions,
types of interaction,
influence of physico-chemical
factors like pH,
temperature, moisture, light, osmotic pressure, organic and inorganic substances,
relationship with soil, water, air, food etc. Microbial genetics; genotypic and phenotypic
characters,
mutation
and its significance,
genetic recombination,
transformation,
transduction and conjugation, genetic engineering and biotechnology. Pathogenicity and
*
virulence. Sources of infection. Transmission ofdisease producing organisms. Portals
of infection. Effect of pathogenic bacteria on the body. Symptoms and lesions. Virus,
Symmetry of virus, RNA and DNA virus, classification, cultivation of virus, replication
of virus. Host virus interactions. Virus-virus interactions. Interference and interferon,
control of viral infection. Immunology and serology - types of immunity, natural and
acquired, cellular and humoral, antigen-antibody reactions and their significance,
serological methods in disease diagnosis. Aquatic microbial groups, Role of
microorganisms in the cycling of elements in water, breakdown and production of
organic matter; Carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus iron and manganese cycles. Role of
bacteria and fungi in sedimentations, microorganisms and water pollution; Effluent
treatment; Bacteria of extreme environment, deep sea bacteria, hydrothermal bacteria,
halophilic bacteria, their physiology and nutrition;
!7.Information
& Communication
Technology
IT and its importance, IT tools, IT -enabled services and their impact on society; computer
fundamentals; hardware and software; input and output devices; word and character
representation; features of machine language, assembly language, high-level language
and their advantages and disadvantages; principles of programming- algorithms and
flowcharts; Operating systems (OS) ~ definition, basic concepts, introduction to
WINDO WS and LINUX Operating Systems; Local area network (LAN), Wide ar-ea
network(WAN), Internet and World Wide Web, HTML and IP; Introduction to MS
- 'Office =- ·Word,·
P-ower . POInt. Audio visual aids - definition, advantages,
classification and choice of A.V aids; cone of experience and criteria for selection and
evaluation of A.V aids; video conferencing. Communication process, Berlo's model,
feedback and barriers to communication.
ExceC·
I 8.Fisbery
Economics
Introduction to fisheries economics, basic economic terminologies - micro and macro-·
economics, positive and normative economics, environmental economics, resource,
scarcity, farm-firm relationships, production etc. Micro-economics: theories of demand,
supply; market - equilibriurri price, consumption, utility, consumer's surplus. Elasticityprice, income, cross, application of elasticity in fisheries managerial decision. Farm
production economics - production functions in capture and culture fisheries; Costs and
returns - breakeven analysis of fish production system; concepts of externalities and
social cost; factors of production, marginal cost and return, law of diminishing marginal
return, returns to scale, economies of scale and scope, revenue, profit maximization,
measurement of technological change, farm planning and budgeting. Preparation of
enterprise budget for integrated fish farming. Macro-economics: Introduction to national
income, accounting, measurement and determinants of national income, contribution of
fisheries to GNP and employment; balance of payments, economic growth and
sustainable development. Globalisation: dimensions and driving Forces. Introduction to
GATT and WTO. WTO Framework - Key Subjects - Agreement on Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), Seafood Export Regulations; Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs)
and Agreement on Anti-Dumping Procedures. Fisheries Subsidies and WTO. Fisheries
Trade and Environment; protests against globa!isation and WTO. Intellectual Property
Rights (lPR) and different forms. Patents and patenting process, Agreement on TRIPS.
Bio-piracy. GMOs in fisheries. Salient features of Indian Patent (Amendment) Act 2005.
Overview of Patents in Indian fisheries sector
p
~
o
I9.Freshwater
0"'_'
-~,,-,-.--'
Aquaculture
Major species cultured, production trends and prospect in different parts of the world.
Freshwater aquaculture resources - ponds, tanks, lakes, reservoir, etc. Carrying capacity
of pond. Nursery, rearing and grow-out ponds preparation and management - control of
aquatic weeds and algal blooms, predatory and weed fishes, liming fertilization/
manuring, use of biofertilizers, supplementary feeding. Water quality management.
Selection, transportation and acclimatization of seed. Traits of important cultivable fish
and shellfish and their culture methods - Indian major carps, exotic carps, air breathing
fishes, cold water fishes, freshwater prawns, mussels. Wintering ponds, quarantine ponds
and isolation ponds. Sewage-fed fish culture. Principles of organic recycling and detritus
food chain. Use of agro-industrial waste and biofertilizers in aquaculture. Composite fish
culture system of Indian and exotic carps - competition and compatibility. Exotic fish
species introduced to India and their impact on indigenous species. Culture of other fresh
water species: Economics of different culture practices.
I IO.Anatomy of Finfish and Shellfish
Study of internal anatomy of important groups of shellfish and finfish. Cell structure,
tissue and body organization. Study of oral region and associated structures in finfishes.
Studies on Digestive system and Associated digestive glands. Circulatory system.
Respiratory system. Nervous system. Urino-genital
system. Endocrine system,
Circulatory, Skeletal systems and Sensory organs.
In.Biology
of Finfish and Shellfish
Study of food and feeding habits of commercially important fish. Qualitative and
Quantitative methods of analysis of stomach contents. Age and growth determination by
direct and indirect methods. Reproductive biology - maturity stages, gonadosomatic
index, pondoral index, fecundity, sex ratio and spawning. Eggs and larval stages and
developmental biology of finfishes and shell fishes. Tagging and marking of finfish and
shellfish.
!12.Soil and Water Chemistry
Standard solutions, dilute solutions units of concentration: standard curve; nomograph.
Chemistry of water; the water molecule, properties of pure water and sea water.
Composition of surface water, ground water and Sea water. Dissolved gasses. Factors
affecting natural waters. Acid, base, salts; Hydrogen ions, concept of pH and buffer.
Water analysis: collection and preservation of water samples. Measurement of
temperature. Transparency, turbidity, determination of pH, electrical conductivity,
salinity, Chlorinity, total solids (TDS, TSS, TVS, TVDS). Dissolved Oxygen, free carbon
dioxide, total alkalinity, total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Inorganic Nitrogen
(ammonium and Nitrate) and phosphorus. Water quality criteria! requirements for
Aquaculture.
Soil characteristics:
origin and nature of soils. Physical properties
of soil;
soil color. Soil texture, soil structure, pore size, bulk density, water holding capacity, soil
types and their distribution. Soil chemistry: soil colloids, cation exchange, organic
Carbon, Carbon - Nitrogen ratio, soil fertility, soil reaction: Acidity, Alkalinity,
Conductivity, Redox potential. Submersed soils, wet lands, fluxes between mud and
water, methane and hydrogen sulphide formation. Saline soils, Alkali soils, acid sulphate
~
• __
'
.--.".------~--,-",--
• __
.".
~ __
,_",
__
/
soils, iron pyrites, soil reclamation. Sol! analysis: collection and preparation of soil
samples. Determination of soil texture, water holding capacity, pH, conductivity, organic
carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, lime requirement. Soil quality criteria! requirements for
aquaculture.
Soil and water amendments: lime manures, fertilizers, micronutrients,
zeolites, alum, gypsum, environmental ameliorative: chlorination, deodorizers, bacterial
formulation.
I 13.Limnology
Introduction to limnology: inland water types, their identities and distribution; ponds and
lakes; streams and rivers; dynamics of lentic and lotic environments. Lakes - their origin
and diversity. Famous lakes of the world and India; nature of lake environment;
morphometry, physical and chemical conditions and related phenomena; biological
relations: influence of physical and chemical conditions on living organisms in inland
waters. Plankton: planktonic organisms; classification of plankton; distribution of
plankton: geographic, vertical, horizontal and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton and
zooplankton: seasonal changes of body form in planktonic organisms; food of planktonic
organisms. Primary productivity; Aquatic plants: character, classification, zonation,
seasonal relations, quantity produced chemical composition distribution in different
waters, limnological role. Nekton: composition, distribution, movements. Benthos:
classification; periphyton; zonation; distribution; movements and migration; seasonal
changes in benthos, profundal bottom fauna. Biological productivity: circulation of food
material; classification of lakes based on productivity; laws of minimum; biotic potential
and environmental resistance; quantitative relationships in a standing crop; trophic
dynamics; successional phenomena; .indices of productivity of lakes; artificial
enrichment. Lotic environments: running waters in general; physical conditions;
classification of lotic environments, biological conditions; productivity of· lotic
environments. influence of currents; plant growth; plankton; nekton; benthos; temporary
and head waters streams; ecological succession;
I 14.Food
chemistry and Fish in Nutrition
Composition of food & nutritional value. Moisture in foods. Fish .lipids in human
nutrition, digestion and absorption. Metabolism of lipids, oxidation of fatty acids,
lipoproteins; VLDL and HDL and their importance. Carbohydrates: Naturally occurring
polysaccharides in foods, fibre in food and its role. Browning reactions-enzymatic and
non-enzymatic.
Glycolysis,
gluconeogenesis,
glycogeno-Iysis,
and glycogenesis.
Biological oxidation, electron transport chain, P/O ratio; oxidative phosphorylation.
Proteins in foods, role in hydration- native and denatured proteins, gel formation,
functional properties of proteins, changes during heat treatment and processing,
texturised proteins. Fish muscle proteins, chemical changes in muscle during contraction;
Digestion and absorption of proteins; metabolism- aminoacid pool; nitrogen balance;
essential and non essential amonoacids; deamination; decarboxilation; metabolic fate of
aminoacids. Protein synthesis; Chemistry of taste, flavour and odour components in
foods: flavour intensifiers, synthetic flavouring substances. The taste of fish and shellfish.
Food additives - types and their chemical nature. Enzymes, vitamins and amino acids,
emulsifiers and antimicrobial additives, sequestrants, flavour potentiators surface active
agents; non-nutritive sweeteners, colour additives in food. Assessment of quality of food
by instrumental and chemical methods. Nutritive value of foods. Energy value and energy
requirements and their estimation. Water, electrolytic and acid base balance. Nutritive
value of proteins PER, BY digestibility coefficient, NPU values, pepsin digestibility,
chemical sc0
2
k
Role of "bee in huma
on.
11S.Biochemical Techniques and Instrumentation
Theory and applications of Spectrophotometry, Basic principles and applications of
chromatographic techniques: TLC, GC, Le, affinity chromatography, HPLC, and ion
exchange chromatography. Radio isotopes, Radio Immune Assay, ELISA. Gel filtration,
and ultracentrifugation. Blotting: southern, northern, western techniques. Plasmid
isolation and cloning, PCR, cell culture andhybridoma technology.
\ 16.Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology
Nutritional requirements of cultivable fish and shellfish. Feed formulation and
manufacturing. Forms of feeds: wet feeds, moist feeds, dry feeds, mashes, pelleted feeds,
floating and sinking pellets. Feed additives: binders, antioxidants, enzymes, pigments,
growth promoters, feed stimulants. Feed storage, use of preservatives and antioxidants.
Feed evaluation - feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, net
protein utilization and biological value. Feeding devices and methods. Non-conventional
feed ingredients and anti-nutritional factors. Digestive enzymes, feed digestibility.
Factors affecting digestibility. Nutritional deficiency diseases.
I 16.Culture
of Fish Food Organisms
Candidate species of phytoplankton and zoo-plankton as live food organisms of
freshwater and marine species. Tropic potentials- proximate composition of live feed.
Biology and culture requirements of important live food organisms. Green algae, bluegreen algae, spirulina, diatoms, infusoria, rotifers, cladocerons, tubifex, brine shrimp,
chironomids. Culture of earthworms, bait fish and forage fish.
I 17.Inland
Fisheries
Freshwater fishery regions of the world and their major fish species composition.
Global inland fish production data. Inland capture fishery resources of India. Potential of
inland waterbodies with reference to respective state. Problems in the estimation of
inland fish catch data.
Major riverine and estuarine systems of India.
Major
brackishwater bodies / lakes and their fisheries. Fisheries 'of major reservoirs / natural
lakes of India. Differences between man-made and natural lakes and flood-plain wetlands
as capture fishery resources, present status of their exploitation and future prospects. Cold
water fisheries of India.
I 18.0ceanography
The earth and the ocean basin, distribution of water and land; relief of sea floor; Major
feature of topography and terminology; major divisions. Relief in Indian oceans. Ocean
Waves: Definition and terms; classification Difference between surface and long waves;
wave theories; surface wave generation; spreading growth; Beaufort Scale; spilling and
breaking waves; long waves, Tsunamis, Seiches, internal waves. Ocean Tides: Definition;
Tidal phenomenon, elementary 'tidal definition; tidal inequalities; tide producing forces
types of tides tidal bores, tide prediction. Ocean Currents: Definitions and features;
measurements turrents;
direct and indirect methods forces acting on sea waters; drift
"./
-~_1
(
CllrrentsEkman spirals, upwelling; sinking, gradient currents; thermohaline circulation;
characteristics; course; and significance of some major ocean currents of the world. EINino. Physical properties of sea water: Salinity and chlorinity; temperature; thermal
properties of sea water; colligative and other properties of sea water; Residence time of
constituents in seawater. Properties of sea ice; transmission of sound; absorption of
radiation; eddy conductivity; diffusivity and viscosity. General distribution of
temperature, salinity and density: Salinity and temperature of surface layer (SST),
.subsurface; distribution of temperature and salinity; The T-S diagram; water masses of
Indian oceans. Chemistry of sea water: Constancy of composition; elements present in
sea water; artificial sea water; dissolves gases in sea water; CO2 system and alkalinity;
inorganic agencies affecting composition of sea water distribution of phosphorus,
nitrogen compounds, silicates and manganese in the oceans,' factor influencing their
distributi on'.
I 19.Marine
Biology
Introduction: Divisions of marine environment- pelagic, benthic, euphotic, aphotic
divisions and their subdivisions. Life in oceans - general account of major groups of
phytoplankton, sea weeds, major zooplankton groups. Environmental factors affecting
life in the oceans- salinity, temperature, light, currents, waves, tides, oxygen, and carbon
dioxide. Primary, secondary and tertiary production. Marine food chains and food webs.
Vertical migration of zooplankton Phytoplankton-Zooplankton relationship, geographical
and seasonal variation in plankton production, plankton and fisheries. Benthos- a life in
rocky, sandy, and muddy shores. Mud banks. Mangroves and coral reefs. Boring and
fouling organisms. Nekton- outline composition of nekton, habitats of nekton.
Bioluminescence
and. indicator species. Red tides. Biology, significance and
classification in mammals, adaptation in pinnipids and cetaceans for breeding. Whalestheir different community and their characteristic features. Adaptations in marine
mammals for conserving body heat and submersion for long dive.
I 20.Refrigeration
and Freezing Technology
Laws of thermo dynamics: Different types of heat involved: sensible hest, latent heat,
pressure, volume and temperature; thermodynamic cycles; volumetric efficiency;
enthalpy; entropy. Refrigeration - principles, methods and systems. Refrigeration cycle,
compressors, condensers, receivers, evaporators, expansion valves, auxiliary equipments,
oil, liquid trap systems; accumulators; non condensable gases; defrosting system, oil and
refrigerant charging; study of automatic control devices; refrigerant and their properties.
Layout and construction of freezing plants, cold storage, contact plate freezer, immersion
freezer, tunnel freezer, air blast freezer, air lock system, anti room arrangements. Ice
manufacturing unit, marine refrigerating plant; methods of defrosting; insulating material.
Refrigerating effect, cooling estimate, heat load calculation, wall heat gain load, air
change load, product load, miscellaneous load, refrigeration system capacity and running
time. Fishing vessel auxiliary systems: Auxiliary engines, Drives - mechanical, hydraulic,
pneumatic and electric. Bilge pumping systems. Deck and fish hold; Deck design: Deck
design and layout. Anchors and mooring. Equipments commonly available in processing
units. Different types of ice making machinery. Operation of various machinery used in
freezing; canning and packaging. Special equipment for freeze-drying; irradiation and
cryogenics; general maintenance of freezing plant, cold storage and ice plant.
Introduction to freezing technology; characteristics of fish and shellfish; changes
in fish after death, spoilage of fish, spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms; handling of
o
.
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.
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fresh fish; sanitation in processingplants; principles of iow temperature preservations.
Chilling of fish - methods and equipment for chilling; icing -- quality of ice, ice ...
making; refrigerated or chilled sea water, chilling rate; spoilage of fish during chilled
storage; use of antibiotics and chemicals. Freezing of fish - fundamental aspects; heat
units; freezing point depression, eutectic point; freezing rate; methods of freezing, freeze
drying, physico - chemical changes that occur during freezing - mechanism of ice crystal
formation; preparation of fish for freezing. Changes that occur during frozen storage microbiological, physical and chemical changes; protein denaturation, fat oxidation,
dehydration, drip; protective treatments - polyphosphate, glazing, antioxidants,
packaging; thawing of frozen fish - methods of thawing. Transportation of frozen fish,
cold chain, quality control, HACCP in freezing industry.
I 21.Statistical
Methods in Fisheries
Definitions of probability, mutually exclusive and independent events, conditional
probability, addition and multiplication theorems. Random variable, concepts of c
theoretical distribution; Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions and their use in
fisheries. Basic concept of sampling distribution; standard error and central limit
theorem, introduction to statistical inference, general principles of testing of hypothesis types of errors. Tests of significance based on normal, t, chi-square and F distributions.
Bivariate data, scatter diagram, simple linear correlation, measure and properties; simple
linear regression, equation arid fitting; relation between correlation and regression,
Length weight relationship in fishes; applications of linear regression in fisheries.
Methodology for estimation of marine fish landings in India, Estimation of inland fish
production in India and probiems encountered.
I 22.Aquaculture
Engineering
Land survey, area calculation of plane surface of regular and irregular shape as applied to
measurement of land, trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rule, volume of regular and irregular
shape as applied to the volume of stacks, sheds, heaps. Farm-types and objectives; Fresh
water and coastal aquafarms. Preliminary survey, site selection, topography. Land survey
- chain surveying, compass surveying, leveling, plane table surveying and contour
surveying; Soil-:- types, properties, classification, sampling methods and texture analysis.
Location, design and construction of hatcheries, race ways and farm complex. Tide-fed /
pump fed farms, creeks, estuarine and marine water source utilization. Open canals and
their types. Sluices and gates. Earth work calculation - ponds, dykes, canals and roads.
Design and construction of ponds and dykes. Tidal influences and maintenance; Effect of
seepage and evaporation and their control. Water budgeting. Water distribution system main feeder channel, drainage channel. Water control structure - types of inlets and
outlet and their construction. Computation of water intake and discharge. Aerators principles, classification and placement. Pumps - types, total head and horse power.
Filters - types and construction.
[ 23.0rnamental
Fish Production
and Management
World trade of ornamental fish and export potential. Different varieties of exotic and
indigenous fishes. Principles of a balanced aquarium. Fabrication, setting up and
maintenance of freshwater and marine aquarium. Water quality management. Water
I, I tration
biologica I, rnechan leal and chern ical. Types of f lters. Aquari urn plan ts
SystCQ -
and their propagation methods.
Lighting and aeration. Aquarium accessories and
decoratives. Aquarium fish feeds. Dry, wet and live feeds. Breeding and rearing of
ornamental fishes. Broodstock management. Application of genetics and biotechnology
for producing quality strains. Management practices of ornamental fish farms. Common
diseases and their control. Conditioning, packing, transport and quarantine methods.
Trade regulations and wild life act in relation to ornamental fishes.
124.Coastal Aquaculture
and Mariculture
An over view of sea farming and shore-based aquaculture in different parts of the world.
Resources for shore-based aquaculture and sea farming in India. Traits of important
cultivable fish and shellfish (seabass, mullet, milkfish, grouper, snappers, ayu, pearlspot,
tiger shrimp, white shrimp, mud crab, mussel, clam, oysters (edible and pearl oyster),
seaweeds, etc. Shore based aquaculture system: traditional (po kkali , bheries, gazanis,
khazans), semi-intensive, intensive aquaculture practice of commercially important
species of fish and shellfish. Methods of aquaculture - rafts, racks, cages, poles and
ropes'. Seed resources, Water and soil quality management. Estimation of growth,
survival and pond productivity. Seaweed culture, Pearl culture, Sea ranching.
125. Physiology of Finfish and shellfish
Water as a biological medium. Gas exchange. Circulation. Excretion, Osmoregulation ..
Reproductive physiology. Muscle physiology. Sense organs. Energy and nutrient
status of food. Nitrogen balance. Standard and active metabolism. Energy utilization.
Effect of environmental factors on physiology of fin and shellfishes. Stress related
physiology changes. Structure and functions of important endocrine glands
126. Fishing Craft and Gear Technology
Introduction: History & development of fishing crafts. Traditional fishing crafts of India.
Classification of fishing crafts based on fabrication, dimension, nature of fishing, depth
of operation etc. History & development of mechanization of fishing crafts: Boat building
materials - their preparation, seasoning, preservation & their advantages & disadvantages.
Choice of construction material; comparison of mechanical properties .. Boat design Important terminologies of fishing vessel & related to fabrication: Drawing conventions
in naval architecture. Form co-efficient & ratios: Design procedure: Displacementweight equation; estimation of light weight ship; Basic mathematics & Hydrodynamics
for designing of fishing vessels. Calculation of displacement, water plane area; Stability
of fishing vessel-longitudinal,
transverse. Various equilibrium of ships - stable, unstable
and neutral. Resistance of boats. Marine engines & propellers: powering basics: wake,
propeller efficiency, thrust, hull efficiency, quasi- propulsive coefficient, power margin,
power rating normal HP, maximum power. Introduction to marine engines - types,
components. Different
types of engine systems. Outboard engines working and
maintenance. Estimation of engine power for fishing vessel. Marine propeller types,
characters & selection of propellers. Boat construction methods: construction of wooden
boats, steel boat, fiber glass boat, aluminum & ferro-cement boat. Deck-fittings and
maintenance - common fouling & boring organisms. Preservation and maintenance of
various types of hull. Stern gear assembly. Deck fitting and fishing equipment. Rules and
regulations for fishing vessel fabrication, operation & safety.
p
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'
IntroduCtion: History and development of fishing gears; classification of fishing-,
gears of world and India. Factors that determine selection of fishing gears. Gears used in relation to fish and fishing area. Fishing gear materials - Classification - natural and
synthetic - yarns, twines, ropes - their properties and identification methods. Yarn
numbering systems Runnage, conversions. Twist in twines and ropes, braiding ropes,
leaded ropes, floated ropes. Netting - types of knots, knotless netting, meshes, braiding,
shaping, creasing, baiting, tailoring. Mounting of webbing - different methods, hanging
coefficient, take up ratio. Accessories for fishing gear. Floats - buyos - its materials,
types; properties and buoyancy. Sinkers - types, materials, properties- negative
buoyancy; bobbins, tickler chain. Wire ropes - wires, strands, cores - selection of wire
ropes, breaking strength, specification. Fishing accessories - thimbles, shackles, C-links,
rings, G-links, Kelly's eye, stopper, bottle screw, butterfly, chains. Hooks; types,
materials, specification numbering system, jigs, spoon hooks. Maintenance and storage of
gears and gear materials. Preservation of netting and other accessories. Selection of gear
materials. Parts of a trawl net, purse seine, gill net and tuna long lines. FAO classification
of fishing" gear and methods. Modem commercial fishing methods- Operation and
classification of trawling, purse seining, lampara net fishing, gill netting, line fishing.
Squid jigging. Selective fishing - active fishing and passive fishing. Deck layout trawlers, purse seiners, long liners, gill netters and combination fishing. Fishing
accessories and deck equipments - types of winches, net haulers, line haulers, triple
drum, gurdy, power blocks, fish pumps. Fish finder, GPS navigator, sonar, net sonde,
gear monitoring equipments.
I 27. Canning
and Fish Packaging Technology
Introduction to canning principle. Historical developments. Containers- can making
materials and cans, characteristics of seam. Steps in canning- raw materials, preparatory
treatments. Precooking, packing, exhausting, seaming, thermal processing, cooling and
storage. Thermal processing - heat resistance of microorganisms, heat penetration,
graphical method of formulation. Fo- 'value. Canning of commercially important fishes,
shellfishes and other food products- salient features. Retort pouch packing - principles
and techniques; HTST process and aseptic packing- principles and techniques spoilage of
canned foods- types, causes and preventive measures. Introduction to food packagingobjectives and requirements. Characteristics of various packaging materials - meats,
paper and paper boards, corrugated fibre board, plastics, multi-layer lamination, testing of
packaging materials and containers. Environmental aspects of food packaging.
I 28.Extension
Education
in Fisheries
Introduction to extension education and fisheries extension - concepts, objectives and
principles; extension education, formal and informal education; History and role. of.
fisheries extension in fisheries development. Fisheries extension methods- individual,
group and mass contact methods and their effectiveness, factors influencing their
selection and use; characteristics of technology, transfer of technology process; important
TOT programs in fisheries; role of NGOs and SHGs in fisheries; Fisheries comanagement; Adoption and diffusion of innovations, adoption and diffusion process,
adopter categories and barriers in diffusion of fisheries innovations; Extensions program
planning and evaluation - steps and importance; participatory planning process. Basic
concepts in rural sociology and psychology and their relevance in fisheries extension;
social change, social control, social problems and conflicts in fisheries; gender issues in
fisheries; the~s
of learning, learning experience, learning situation.
I 29.FisneriesAdfufnHfrafionandLegislation
Introduction to public administration, principles of organization and management of
public enterprise. Central and State responsibilities for fisheries development,
organizational set up of fisheries administration at the Centre and state levels. Functions
and powers of functionaries of department of fisheries, corporations and cooperatives.
Different central and state level fisheries institutions. Role of Central and State
Government in the regulatory activities of Aquaculture and fisheries. Implementation of
community based resource management plans. Historical review of fisheries
development and management in India and world. Fisheries development over Five Year
Plans.
International
agencies
/ organizations
for promotion
of fisheries
worldwide.Fisheries legislation: Overview of fisheries and aquaculture legislations in
India. Indian Fisheries Act, 1897. Environmental legislation; Water Act, Air Act and
Environmental (protection) Act. International environmental legislation and its impact on
fisheries. Laws relating to conservation and management of fishery resources in marine
and inland sectors. Land reforms legislation as applicable to aquaculture. Judicial
judgments relating to Aquaculture. Objectives, functions and authority of fishery
regulatory agencies like Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ) and Aquaculture Authority of
India. Brackish water aquaculture act, Marine fisheries policy, Laws relating to fish
products and marketing. International Law of the Seas and international commissions on
fisheries and their impact.
I 30.Finfish
Breeding and Hatchery Management
Fresh water and marine fish seed resources. Natural breeding of finfishes. Selection of
riverine spawn collection sites, gears used and methods of collection. Temporary storage
of spawn, Behaviour of spawn in relation to hydrological and hydrobiological factors.
Spawn quality and quantity indices. Advantages and disadvantages of riverine seed
collection. Sexual maturity and breeding season of various cultivable species.
Development of gametes in male and female. Types of fish egg and embryonic
development. Methods of breeding; bundh breeding - wet and dry bundhs., collection and
hatching of eggs, factors involved in bundh breeding, advantages and disadvantages of
bundh breeding. Induced breeding of warm water finfishes, environmental factors
affecting spawning, sympathetic breeding. Hypophysation of fishes. Fish pituitary gland
- its structure, collection, preservation and preparation of extract for injection, dosages
and methods of injection. Broodstock management and transportation of broodfish.
Synthetic harmones used for induced breeding of carps. Different types of fish
hatcheries- traditional, Chinese, glass jar and modern controlled hatcheries. Causes of
mortalities of eggs and spawn. Treatment of eggs. Spawn rearing techniques. Use of
anesthetics in fish breeding and transport. Breeding techniques for Indian major carps,
exotic carps. Mahaseer, trout, tilapia, catfishes, mullets, milk fish, pearl spot, sea bass,
groupers, etc. Multiple breeding of carps. Cryopreservation of fish gametes.
I 31.Shellfish Breeding
and Hatchery Management
Natural seed resources, site selection and collection methods. Life cycle of important
shellfish (Penaeus monodon, P. indicus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Scylla serrata,
lobster, edible, oyster, pearl oyster, fresh water mussel, holothurians, sea horse, horseshoe carb, Sepia, Loligo, cray fish etc.). Sexual maturity and breeding seasons of
different speiYs. Maturation stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus
jI
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Ifl;~,-@
'<,
. monocion.-"lnduced- maturation
-in -Penaeus -monodon -by eye stalk .ablation. Reproducti-e
physiology. Reproductive hannones in crustaceans. Brood stock management of Penaeus
monodon and Macrobrachium
rosenbergii.
Breeding and hatchery management
of
Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium
rosenbergii.
Breeding and hatchery management
of crabs and bivalves. Food and feeding of larval stages of important shellfishes. Health
management in hatcheries.
I 32.Diseases
and Management
Significance of fish diseases in relation to aquaculture. Disease deyelopment process in
fish and shellfish. Defense mechanism in finfish and shellfish- specific and non specific
immune system. Role of stress and host defense mechanism in disease development.
Host, pathogen and environment interaction. Pathogenecity and mechanism of bacterial,
viral and fungal infections of finfish and shellfish. Morphology, biology and life cycle of
parasites.
Infectious
diseases of cultured finfish and shellfish. Important
disease
epizootics of wild fish population. Zoonotic diseases. OlE listed and notifiable diseases.
Principles of disease diagnosis. Case history and clinical sign in diagnosis. Conventional
and rapid diagnostic techniques. Microscopical,
microbiological,
histopathological
and
biochemical
methods. Antibody and nucleic acid based rapid diagnostics.
Health
management
in aquaculture.
Drugs, chemicals,
antibiotics
and probiotics
used in
aquaculture and their mode of action. Preventive strategies. Principles and methods of
vaccine production
and fish immunization.
Quarantine
and health certification
in
aquaculture,
Crop rotation,
Immunostimulants,
bioremediation
and polyculture
as
strategies for health management.
Fish pharmacology
- drugs, chemicals, antibiotics,
probiotics and their mode ofaction.
I 33.Marine
Fisheries
Classification and definition of fishery zones and fishery resources of world. Overview of
marine fisheries resources of the world and India. Major exploited marine fisheries of
India, their developmental
history and present status. Important pelagic - demersal fish,
shellfish and seaweed resources of India. Traditional, motorized and mechanized fisheries
according to major gears. Potential marine fishery resources of the India's
EEZ. GIS
and Remote sensing in marine capture fishery.
I 34.Aquatic
/'
Ecology and Biodiversity
Ecology: Definition;
Ecological
Hierarchy;
Subdivisions
of
Ecology, Ecosystem:
Principles and concepts; Examples
of Ecosystems: The Pond, The Micro ecosystem;
Production and Decomposition;
Homeostasis of the Ecosystem, Energy flow: Definition;
Laws of Thermodynamics;
Energy
Environment
, Concepts
of Productivity;
Measurement
of primary
productivity;
Trophic
Levels, and Examples;Ecological
Pyramids.
Biogeochemical
Cycles: Patterns and Basic types, cycling of Organic
nutrients; Pathways,
Limiiting factors and governing
laws. Ecological
lndicators.,
Community
Ecology:
The biotic community,
Ecological
Dominance;
community
analysis; species diversity in communities; patterns in communities, ecotones, Population
ecology: population
group properities,
population
density and indices of relative
abundance. Types of interaction - animal associationSymbiosis, commensal isms,
parasitism,
etc., Autoecology:
Concepts of habitat and ecological Niche; Natural
Selection;
Artificial
Selection.
The freshwater
environment
and types: wetlands:
dominant Q,ra and fauna. Coastal Ecosystems
coastal Zone and its classification.
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Estuaries-classification;.physico-chemica!
factors; biota and productivity; example of
some Indian estuaries. Mangroves- definition, mangrove plants,factors affecting
distribution. Mangrove flora and fauna. The sea shore: The Inertial Zone ,factors
Affecting life on shore, nature of substratum, physical factors, zonation, fauna and flora
on a rocky shores, sandy shore, and muddy shore. Conservation of habitats: endangered
species and their conservation, fish passes for migratory fishes, protected areas, marine
parks and sanctuaries, mangrove afforestation. Artificial reefs. Conservation programmes
for endangered species.
I 35.Navigation
and Seamanship
Navigational aids - magnetic compass, gyro compass, sextant, bearing instruments, their
construction errors and use. Chart- abbreviations and symbols, type of charts and chart
reading. Sounding instruments- lead lines and echo sounder, their. principles and use.
Measurement of speed, patent log and electric log, principle and construction. Pilot
signals, distress signals and penalty, for their misuse, procedure for sending distress
signals by radio telephony. Fire fighting and life saving appliances to be carried on board
a fishing vessel as per F.F.A and L.S.A rules 1978. Their maintenance curriculum, day
and night signals for vessel engaged in fishing. Manning requirement of fishing vessel.
Electronic navigation and communication aids - radar, sonar, decca, omega, loran etc;
Principles of radio transmitter and receiver, direction finder, auto direction finder, V.H.F.
radio telephone,PECCA
navigator- parts and functioning. Sonar block diagram,
functioning; Net sonde- trawl eye- trawl link radar, video, G.P.S.
I 36.Disaster
Management in Fisheries
Basic concepts: Hazard, risk, vulnerability, disaster, capacity building. Multi-hazard and
disaster vulnerability of India. Types of natural and manmade hazards in fisheries and
aquaculture - cyclones, floods, droughts, tsunami, El-nino, algal blooms, avalanches,
pollution, habitat destruction, over fishing, introduction of exotic species, landslides,
epidemics, loss of bio-diversity etc. Causes, characteristics and impact of various
disasters: Management strategies: pre-disaster, during disaster and post-disaster. Predisaster: prevention, preparedness and mitigation; different ways of detecting and
predicting disasters; early warning, communication and dissemination, community based
disaster preparedness, structural and non-structural mitigation measures. During disaster:
response and recovery systems at national, state and local, coordination between different
agencies, international best practices. Post-disaster: Methods for assessment of initial and
long term damages, reconstruction and rehabilitation. Prevalent national and global
management practices in disaster management. Agencies involved in monitoring and
early warnings at district, state, national and global level. Sea safety and health.
137.Biotechnology
& Bioinformatics
DNA as genetic material, Chemistry of nucleic acids, Genetic code. Organization of
genome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Concept of replication, transcription and
translation. Recombinant DNA technology, Gene cloning and Transgenesis, Molecular
and immunological techniques, Cell culture and cell lines, Development of vaccines,
Hybridoma technology, Monoclonal antibody production, PCR techniques, Marine
biotechnology - bioactive compounds from marine organisms, Waste water treatment,
fJ
~
~
Probiotics, Biosensors; Bioprocessing. Concepi>
- NeBl, Genebank sequence database-primary
and secondary database.
·
",Bi8fiiters-in'aquaculture,· Biofertilizers,
",ofBioinformatics
"'J38.Fishery
Genetics and Breeding
Principles of genetics and breeding, Gene and chromosome
as basis of inheritance,
Mendel's law of inheritance, Gene interactions - Epistasis, Pleotropism, Dominance,
Lethal genes. Sex determination, Sex linked genes, sex influenced and sex limited traits.
Hybridization. Mutation, Chromosomal structure and aberrations. Linkage and crossing
over. Chromosome
manipulation
techniques.
Cryopreservation.
Introduction
to
population genetics. Hardy-Weinberg
law and its significance. Quantitative genetics qualitative
and quantitative
traits, polygenic traits, heritability.
Inbreeding and its
consequences. History and present status of selective breeding programs in aquaculture.
Selection methods and breeding plans. Mating designs. Domestication
methods. Seed
certification and quarantine procedures.
-!39.Fish Population Dynamics and Stock Assessment
The concept of population and unit stock. Biological structure of fisheries resource in
space and time. Indicators of dynamics in a fishery resource. Characteristics of unit and
mixed stock. Data requirements for stock assessment. Segregation of stocks. Principles of
stock assessment. Population age structure. Theory of life tables. Von Bertalanffy growth
parameters. Graphical models. Monte Cario simulation model and ECCPA TH model.
Estimation of total fishing and natural mortality. The concept of yield, yield in number
and yield in weight, yield per recruit, yield curve. Yield models. The concept of
Maximum Sustainable Yield and Maximum Economic Yield. Biological symptoms of
under-fishing
and over-fishing.
Growth over-fishing
and recruitment
over-fishing.
Eumetric fishing. Open access fisheries. Fisheries regulations. CPUE. Trawl selection
and gillnet selection. Analytical models offish stocks.
IL4~O~.~A~qLuLa_ti_c_P_o_li_u_ti_o_n_a_n_d
__ C_o_a_st_a_l_Z_o_n_e_~__an_a~g~e_m_e_n_t
Classification
of pollution- physical, chemical and biological classification of water
pollution- description of terminologies. Sewage and domestic wastes- composition and
pollution effects- sewage treatment and its reuse. Agricultural wastes- organic detritus,
nutrients, Adverse effects of oxygen demanding wastes: importance of dissolved oxygen;
Oxygen demand; BOD; COD; Oxygen budget; Biological effects of organic matter.
Excessive plant nutrients: Eutrophication; Red tides and fish kills. Pesticide types and
categories;
inorganic
pesticides,
Organo-chlorine
compounds,
Organo-phosphorous
compounds; Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs); Bioaccumulation
and impact on aquatic
fauna and human health; toxicology. Heavy metals: Interaction of heavy metals with
water and aquatic organisms. Bioremediation and Phytoremediation.
Oil pollution; Crude
oil and its fractions; Sources of oil pollution; Treatment of oil spills at sea; Beach
Cleaning; Toxicity- of Petroleum Hydrocarbons; Ecological Impact of Oil pollution- Case
studies. Microbial pollution: Types of aquatic microbes; autotrophs and heterotrophs;
saprotrophs and necrotrophs;
Sewage Fungus Complex; Transmission
of Murnan
Pathogenic Organisms; Zoonosis; Development of Antibiotic Resistance and its impact;
Biofilms and Biocorrosion;
Radioactivity
and background
radiation
of earth:
Radionuclide polluting, special effects of radioactive pollution. Thermal pollution and its
effects, Physical and chemical nature of possible effluents from major industries in India.
Monitoring and Qntrol
of pollution, Biological indicators of pollution. Environmental
J
,.
Impact Assessment for fisheries and aquaculture projects. Anthropogenic activities and
their impact on coastal zones; aquaculture, waste disposal, property and infrastructure
development, ports and shipping, tourism (beach and coral reef), industries (petroleum
industry, heavy industry, forest industry), mining and marine excavations, water supply
projects. Goals and purposes of CZM. Management methods and information: public
awareness and environment policy, general coastal zone programs, shore lands
management, coastal water basin protection, coastal water quality protection, harvestable
resources, and ecosystem restoration. Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act. Integrated
Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). International treaties and conventions. Preparation of
projects based .on the provided Guidelines and Standards for Coastal Projectsaquaculture, agriculture, estuarine flood protection, sewage treatment systems, solid
waste disposal, Urban run off, Power plants, disasters, etc.
I 41.Fish
Products and Byproducts Technology
Principle of fish preservation and processing. Processing of fish by traditional methods salting, sun drying, smoking, marinading and fermentation. Theory of salting, methods of
salting -wet salting and dry salting. Drying and dehydration- theory, importance of water
activity in relation to microbial growth .Sun drying and artificial drying- solar dryer,
Packaging and storage of salted and dried fish. Different types of spoilage in salt cured
fish. Quality standard for salted and dry fish. Fish preservation by smoking- chemical
. composition 'of wood smoke and their role inpreservation. Methods of smoking and
equipments used for smoking. Carcinogenic compound in wood and methods to remove
them. Hurdle technology in fish preservation and processing. Marinaded and fermented
fish products - role of acids in marinades, Fish and prawn pickles, fish sauce and Fish
paste, traditional Indian fermented products. Principles and methods of preparation of
various fish paste products like fish sausage, fish ham, surimi, fish cake, kamaboko etc.
Fish muscle structure, myofibriller protein and their role in elasticity formation. Extruded
products - theory of extrusion, equipments used, advantages of extruded products,
methods of preparation of extruded products. Fish protein concentrate. Fish hydrolysate,
partially hydrolyzed and deodorized fish meat, functional fish protein concentrate and
their incorporation to various products. Fish meal and oil. Dry reduction and wet
reduction methods. Fish maws, shark leather, Chitin, chitosan, fish glue, fish gelatin,
isinglass, pearl essence, shark fin rays, beach de mer, and biochemical and
pharmaceutical products. Utilization of seaweeds: agar agar, algin, carrageenan.
Diversified fish products: battered and braided products-fish finger, fish cutlet, fish
wafer, and fish soup powder etc and imitation products. Value addition, HACCP in safe
products production.
I 42. Fish Microbiology
and Quality Assurance
Introduction and history of micro-organisms in foods; role and significance of microorganisms in nature and in foods. Micro-organisms in fish; intrinsic and extrinsic
parameters of fish that affect microbial growth.
Psychrophiles, halophiles and
thermophiles, their role in spoilage and food poisoning. Food borne human pathogens _
Vibrio, E coli, Salmonella, Listeria, Clostridia, Carnpylobacter, Streptococcus, Faecal
Streptococcus,
etc. Study of micro-organisms in food by conventional and rapid
techniques. Encapsulation - endospores, formation of cell aggregates, Microbial
principles of fish preservation and processing. Study of food pathogens, infections,
intoxication and other biological hazards like mycotoxins, parasites, viruses, marine
toxins, etc. Types of spoilage of fish, semi processed and processed fishery products,
Ind()eS of fish sanitary quality, conc~\t:f
Quality Management; TQM, SSOP, GMP;
.';..
"
ISOeandCodex .Alirnentanus; HAGep, Microbiological standards and criteria, BISa~
codex standards for fish and fishery products.
Process water quality. Fish plant'
sanitation. Disinfectants, detergents and cleaning schedule. eIP, Water management in
fish processing industries.
I 43.Financing
and Marketing Management in Fisheries
Principles and objectives of co-operation, co-operative movement in fisheries in India,
structure, functions, status and problems of fisheries co-operatives management in
relation to resources, production and marketing. Role of credit for fisheries development,
credit requirements of fishers, source and type of credit/finance, micro-credit, indigenous
and institutional, finance, structure of institutional finance in fisheries; returns, risk
bearing ability and recovery in fisheries sector; role of NABARD in fisheries
development; role of insurance in fish and shrimp farming and industry. Basic accounting
procedures, profit and loss account. Introduction to marketing management; core:
marketing concepts: market structure, functions and types, marketing channels ann
supply chain, marketing margins, marketing environment, marketing strategies, product
development and product mix, consumer behaviour and marketing research. Fish markets
and marketing in India, demand and supply of fish, market structure and price formation
in marine and inland fish markets; cold storage and other marketing infrastructure in
India; export markets and marketing of fish and fishery products; Trade liberalization and
fisheries markets.
I 44.Entrepreneurship
Development and Communication Skills
Entrepreneurship Development: Assessing overall business environment in the Indian
economy. Overview of Indian social, political and economic systems and their
implications for decision making by individual entrepreneurs. Globalisation and the
emerging business / entrepreneurial environment. Concept of entrepreneurship;
entrepreneurial and managerial characteristics; managing an enterprise; motivation and ~
entrepreneurship development; importance of planning, monitoring, evaluation and
follow up; managing competition; entrepreneurship development programs; SWOT
analysis, Generation, incubation and commercialization of ideas and innovations.
Government schemes and incentives for promotion of entrepreneurship. Government
policy on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) / SSIs, Export and Import Policies
relevant tQ fisheries sector. 'Venture capital Contract farming and joint ventures, publicprivate partnerships, Overview of fisheries inputs industry. Characteristics of Indian
fisheries processing and export industry. Social Responsibility of Business.
Communication Skills: Structural and functional grammar; meaning and process of
communication, verbal and non-verbal communication; listening and note taking, writing
skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and
bibliographic procedures, Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles,
precis writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual and group presentations, impromptu
presentation, public speaking; Group discussion, Organizing seminars and conferences.