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A Framework for International Implementations of
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Master of Science Thesis
ALFRED BJÖRBACK
KARIN DEDERING
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REPORT NO. E2012:081
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A Framework for International Implementations of
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in Small and
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ALFRED BJÖRBACK
KARIN DEDERING
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A Framework for International Implementations of Enterprise Resource Planning
Systems in Small and Medium sized Enterprises
ALFRED BJÖRBACK
KARIN DEDERING
© ALFRED BJÖRBACK & KARIN DEDERING, 2012.
Technical Report No. E2012:081
Department of Technology Management and Economics
Chalmers University of Technology
SE-412 96 Göteborg
Sweden
Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000
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Ic)
)
Case study
Case study
Questionnaire
survey
Case study
Questionnaire
survey
Literature review
Questionnaire
survey
Questionnaire
survey
Questionnaire
survey
Muscatello et al.
(2003)
Snider et al.
(2009)
Federici (2009)
Doom et al.
(2010)
Kale et al.
(2010)
Malhotra and
Temponi (2010)
Upadhyay et al.
(2011)
Basu et al.
(2011)
Shaul and
Tauber (2012)
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Top management support
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Project
management
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The project
team
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Type of study
Author
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!
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Strategic
planning
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ERP fit and
process
change
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Change
management
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External
consultants
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Communication
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SME property
CEO dominance and
involvement in operational
activities
Components
Top management support is crucial in SMEs due to their high
involvement in both strategic and operational decisions and can in
many ways either positively or negatively influence the outcome (Huin
2004; Snider et al. 2009)
Top management need to “set the tone” (Xu et al., 2011)
Having the CEO as a project champion is a good way of ensuring
management support (Shaul and Tauber, 2012)
Lack of resources and IT-skills
Top management in SMEs can harm the project by not allocating
sufficient resources for training etc. (Snider et al., 2009; Upadhyay et
al., 2011) or by failing to realize that the adoption will require
restructuring (Levy and Powell, 2000).
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SME property
Lack of human and financial
resources
Components
A fully dedicated team not a CSF for SMEs (Snider et al., 2009)
A heavyweight team structure allows the team members to work part
time and keep up with operational activities (Malhotra and Temponi,
2010)
It might be necessary for employees to work overtime during the
implementation project (Eshelman et al., 2000; Snider et al., 2009).
Lack of IT-skills
A good mix between internal staff and consultants (Doom et al. 2010)
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SME property
Lack of managerial and IT
skills
Components
External consultants can be a good project leader since they have more
experience with project management (Snider et al., 2009)
Important to develop effective communication and team building skills
as SMEs cannot afford time overruns (Muscatello et al., 2003)
Lack of human resources
Important to make time for project documentation, which might get low
priority in SMEs where project team members also have to complete
day-to-day tasks (Snider et al., 2009)
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SME property
Less long-term strategic
planning
Components
Successful implementation strongly related to linking the investment to
strategic planning (Muscatello et al., 2003, Soja, 2006)
Important that everybody understands why an ERP system is being
implemented (Malhotra and Temponi)
Formal strategy not as important in SME, either due to implicit strategy
or inexistent strategy (Snider et al., 2009)
Less strategic IT-planning
ERP investment often done as a “reaction to competition (Argyropoulou
et al., 2007, p. 422)
SMEs choose ERP system based on cost rather than one that would be
strategically suitable (Malhotra and Temponi, 2010)
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SME property
Components
Lack of resources and
experience with process
design
Start with a less radical approach and consider BPR after the
implementation of the system (Ravarini et al., 2000)
Lack of process discipline and
informal ways of working
It might be difficult to start working according to the formal and
standardized ways that an ERP system requires (Huin 2004; Snider et
al., 2009).
Some restructuring might be necessary in order to fit with the processes
built into the system, although this might also harm the company’s
flexibility and the system should therefore be configured to suit the
company (Quiscenti et al., 2006).
Lack of resources
A system that fits well decreases the need for ongoing support once it
has been implemented (Malhotra and Temponi, 2010).
A poor fit results in a more complex implementation that usually takes
longer (Shaul and Tauber, 2012).
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SME property
Low levels of hierarchy
Components
Top management commitment, participation and clear communication
can facilitate change (Argyropoulou et al., 2007)
Top management can facilitate change by taking an active role in
change management, preferably by appointing someone from top
management as project champion (Shaul and Tauber, 2012)
Important to identify those among the employees that have the “power”
and make sure to get their support for the project (Malhotra and
Temponi, 2010)
Unawareness or unwillingness
to change
SMEs do not realize that an ERP implementation requires restructuring
(Buonanno et al., 2003; Levy and Powell, 2000)
SMEs are unwilling to change their corporate culture or their way of
doing business (Dixit and Prakash, 2011; Metaxiotis, 2011).
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SME property
Lack of IT skills
Components
Makes the role of consultants and vendors crucial (Adam and
O’Doherty, 2000, Doom et al., 2010, Buonanno et al., 2005)
The quality and experience of the consultant is closely connected to the
success of the project (Adam and O’Doherty, 2000: Snider et al., 2009).
Lack of resources
SMEs are less likely to have resources to pay for such consultancy
services (Snider et al., 2009).
SMEs tend to choose vendor based on cost rather than competency
(Snider et al., 2009; Upadhyay et al., 2011)
Internal team lacks time, skills
and experience for training
Important with external end-user training (Shual and Tauber, 2012;
Snider et al., 2009)
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SME property
Low levels of hierarchy
Blurred departmental walls
Components
Effective communication between all stakeholders very important
(Upadhyay et al., 2011)
Project manager should communicate the expectations and address
user concerns (Malhotra and Temponi, 2010)
Important that top management communicate that they were the ones
to initiate the project and why (Malhotra and Temponi, 2010).
Formal communication not a CSF in SMEs (Snider et al., 2009).
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Author
Type of study
Sheu et al.
(2004)
Qualitative case
study (4 cases)
Zhang et al.
(2005)
Qualitative case
study (4 cases)
Business
strategy and
organizational
structure
Culture and
language
Management
style and
execution
!"
!
!
!
Plant and
Willcocks
(2007)
Longitudinal case
study (2 cases)
Hawking
(2000)
Content analysis
of industry
presentations
(approx. 2000
presentations)
!
Qualitative case
study (1 case)
!
Krumbholz
and Maiden
(2001)
Markus et al.
(2000)
Literature/theory
review
Yen and Sheu
(2003)
Qualitative case
study (5 cases)
Carton and
Adam (2002)
Qualitative case
study (4 cases)
Madapusi and
D’Souza
(2005)
Vendor and
consultants
Regulations
and
legislations
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
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