Design of Smart Villages
Design of Smart Villages
N. Viswanadham
Computer Science and Automation
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Centre for Contemporary Studies
February 6, 2014
Design of Smart Villages
Mahatma Gandhi; Harijan, 18-1-1922
The best, quickest and most efficient way is to build
up from the bottom . . . Every village has to become
a self-sufficient republic. This does not require
brave resolutions. It requires brave, corporate,
intelligent work. ..
 We implement Mahatma’s vision If we interpret
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– Brave as entrepreneurial and risk taking attitude
– Corporate to mean governance by setting & meeting
strategic goals and objectives
– Intelligent as ICT enabled, socially networked models,
called smart nowadays
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Design of Smart Villages
Contents
Motivation
 The Smart Village
 The Smart Village Ecosystem
 Village Governance
 Pochampally Village: A Case study
 Conclusions
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Design of Smart Villages
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Motivation and Approach
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Motivation for the Study
Design of Smart Villages
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In India there are 610 districts, (200 backward ) 600,000
villages (125,000 backward.)
About 800 M people in India live in villages and at least half
of them are below 25 years of age.
The Government takes responsibility for uplifting rural and
poorer regions. There is lot of public spending to improve
the infrastructure, water and sanitation in these areas.
These efforts are disparate, fragmented and piecemeal. Not
much improvement achieved in most of the villages.
There is a need for designing and building Smart
Villages which are independent in providing the services
and employment and yet well connected to the rest of the
world
Government Programs for The Villages
Design of Smart Villages
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Major Programs in Agriculture
– National Agricultural Development Program
– Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program
– Fertilizer Subsidy
– Bank loans, Free Electricity
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Major Programs to Improve Employment
– Public Distribution System
– Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
– National Food Security Bill
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Major Programs & Partnerships to Improve Nutrition Security
– Mid Day Meal Scheme
– Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
– Annapurna Scheme (Ministry of Rural Development) for senior citizens
– The Nutritional Program for Adolescent Girls
– Emergency feeding program ( in eight districts in Orissa)
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Design of Smart Villages
Smart Village
Design of Smart Villages
Smart: Definition
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Smart has its original meaning of "stinging, sharp" as in a
smart blow
Smart Student : having or showing quick intelligence or
ready Mental Capability
Smart Machines: Capable of making adjustments similar to
human decisions, in response to changing conditions
Smart Windows: regulates the amount of light transmitted in
response to varying light conditions using sensors & controls
Smart Buildings, Smart Grids,……
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Design of Smart Villages
Financial, Human & Social Capital
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A person has three kinds of capital:
1. Financial Capital Which Is Cash On Hand, Reserves In The Bank;
Assets, etc
2. Human Capital: natural abilities, health, intelligence, looks
combined with education and experience to excel in certain tasks
3. Social Capital which is relationships with other players who get
opportunity to use his financial and human capital.
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Similar definitions apply to companies, Villages and Nations
as well
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Design of Smart Villages
Social Capital in Humans
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Certain people do better by receiving higher returns to their efforts.
Some people enjoy higher incomes, quickly become prominent and lead
more important projects.
The human capital explanation of the inequality is that the people who
do better are more able individuals; they are more intelligent, more
attractive, more articulate, more skilled.
Social structure is a kind of capital that can create a competitive
advantage for individuals in pursuing their ends. Better connected
people enjoy higher returns.
In a firm some deliver quality product but there could be rain makers
who deliver clients. The former does the work but the latter makes it
possible to benefit from the work.
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Design of Smart Villages
Social Capital: Features
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Social capital: The good will that is the result of social
relations and that can be mobilized to facilitate action
Social capital is both "appropriable" and "convertible“
– Appropriable in the sense that an actor's network ties can be used
for purposes, such as information gathering or passing on a good
word.
– Convertible to other kinds of capital: the ties in a social network
can be converted to economic or other advantage.
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The convertibility rate of social capital into economic
capital is lower. Economic capital is most liquid
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Design of Smart Villages
Village
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A Village is a bundle of dozens of services delivered
effectively and efficiently to the residents and businesses.
These services could be location specific depending on the
demography of the village and occupations of the residents.
New designs, technologies and management models
should be used to upgrade the existing services such as
Power, Water, Buildings, Retail, Health care, etc.
Requires strategy, integrated planning and also monitoring
& execution using appropriate governance models.
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Design of Smart Villages
Smart Village
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The ‘smart ’ concept is in the policy arena recently
Main focus as drivers of growth are the role of ICT
infrastructure, human capital/education, social and
relational capital and environmental factors
Village performance depends on hard infrastructure
(physical capital), and increasingly on the availability and
quality of knowledge, communication & social
infrastructure (intellectual capital and social capital).
A smart village has investments made in human and social
capital in addition to physical capital
Design of Smart Villages
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The Smart Village Ecosystem
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Design of Smart Villages
The Basic Ecosystem
Institutions
Resources
Delivery Services
Infrastructure
Service Chains
Investment Climate
Innovation, Coevolution
Design of Smart Villages
Village: Investment Climate
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Investment climate of a village is the policy, resources,
infrastructure, institutional, and behavioral environment
that influences the returns and risks of an investment.
The village can be a tourist location, pilgrimage centre,
or a place of historical importance etc. Mines, Forests,
Ocean shores or River banks can be part of the natural
environs of the village.
The primary occupation of the villagers can be farming,
aqua culture, working for industries such as apparel or
leather goods or Toys.
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State Government
(Collector, Revenue Officer)
Village Panchayat
Citizen Groups,
NGOs
Regulations
Institutions
Land,Mining Resources
Land records
IT and Mobile Networks
Food Courts
Employment in Farming,
SMEs, etc
Post office based services
(Online ticket booking,
retail, etc)
Water
Purification,
Distribution
Affordable
Housing
Water, Energy & Power
Resources
Smart Village
Ecosystem
Agri Resources
(Seeds, Fertilizers,
Equipment)
Resources
Procurement, Warehousing
& Marketing for of
Agricultural and SMEs
Service Delivery Technologies
& Mechanisms
Bus, Truck Transportation
Healthcare & e-health
records at district level
Human Resources
Social Capital
Financial Resources,
Post Office
High school & other
Educational Institutions
at district level
Service Chains
Retail
Rural
Primary
Employment
Education N.Viswanadham
Schemes(NREGS)
Vocational
training
Farming
SMEs
(microfinance)
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Design of Smart Villages
The Service Chains
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Some of the service chains like the Water, Power,
Health care are standard shared services.
These services could redesigned to be smart using
cloud, ICT and data analytics.
Affordable housing, Retail, Education, Skill based
training, Rural employment, Farm to market could
be specific to the Village
Mapping each of the services, identifying strategic
players and coordinating their actions is critical for
success.
Social capital with lead players is critical.
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Design of Smart Villages
Village Governance
Design of Smart Villages
Institutions
The village Panchyat, State and Central
Governments are the regulators and
providers of the basic services.
 NGOs, Social Groups organize health care
and food security programs
 The Farmers are subject to APMC and other
acts
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Governance Model
Village
Panchayat
Funding
Agencies
Government
Advisory Board
Industry CEOs
Social Capital
Executive
Director
Development
Manager
Local Services
Manager
Utilities
Water
Power
Affordable
Housing
Transportation
Health
care
Education
Waste
Disposal
Retail
Manager
Employment
Development
Rural
Schemes
Vocational
Training
Post Office
SMEs
Formulate Growth Strategies
Design of Smart Villages
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Formulate Growth Strategies for the village to make it selfsufficient taking into account the investment climate and
protecting native occupation and heritage of the village
If a village is a tourist location, then the growth strategies
should be aligned towards restaurants and hotels,
transportation services like cabs or buses, vocational
training to act as guides, security, working as chefs in
restaurants or kirana shops selling the unique products made
in the village, pharmacies and hospital services in a mobile
van etc.
The residents can be trained in providing these services &
the funding agencies, Micro finance Institutions or NGOs
can be approached
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Design of Smart Villages
Design of Smart Villages
Pochampally Village
Pochampally
Village
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Occupation
Number of Families
Weaving
1448
Sari Shop Owners
102
Agriculture
402
Toddy Tapping
109
Washing
93
Fishing
79
Basket Weaving
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Pochampally is a village 40kms outside of Hyderabad ,
called Bhoodan Pochampally. Acharya Vinobha Bhave
started Bhoodan Movement (Land Donation) from this
village.
Famous for Pochampally ikkat tie-and-dye weave art ,
Won IP Rights in the Geographical Indications Category
(Equivalent of a Copyright or Trademark ).
Pochampally is one of UNDPs 36 rural tourism sites, and is
supported by the Ministry of Tourism.
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Design of Smart Villages
Pochampally Village
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Pochampally does more than $22 Million annual business in
yarn sales, purchase of handloom products and sales.
– The marketing is done through the cooperative society and APCO,
the master weavers and the business houses in Pochampally.
– Pochampally weavers association sell their products online through
pochampally.com.
– The products reach the market though various channels operated by
Middlemen.
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The vocation training institutes like Swamy Ramananda
Thirtha Rural Institute (SRTRI) near Pochampally, do not
cater to the weaving community at Pochampally.
Ministries of Textiles,
Chemicals and fertilizers,
Trade
Trade Regulations,
Labor laws, Textile
policies
Apparel Park,
Technology upgradation schemes
Village Panchayat
Institutions
Power looms, Computer
aided design
Procurement, Warehousing
& Marketing for SMEs
e- shopping,
e-kiosks, Spoken Web
Cotton, Silk and Fabric
Resources
Water, Energy & Power
Resources
Smart Village
Pochampally
Ecosystem
Resources
IT and Mobile Networks
Service Delivery Technologies
& Mechanisms
Bus, Truck Transportation
Vocational
training
Retail,
Handicrafts
Tourism
SMEs
(microfinance)
Market Research and
Domain Specific research
Healthcare & e-health
records at district level
Human Resources
UID
Financial Resources,
Post Office
High school & other
Educational Institutions
at district level
Service Chains
Water
Defluoridation
Citizen Groups,
Self Help Groups,
NGOs
Rural
Employment
Schemes(NREGS)
Utilities,
Healthcare
Affordable
Housing,
education
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Recommendations
Design of Smart Villages
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Pochampally as a model village of the tourism department,
has no strategic growth orientation.
Current focus is on Sarees and local markets. Their
competencies are in Design. Should focus on Men, Women
and Children (both Indian & Foreign) dresses and use its
social capital to link into the global value chain.
Protect the heritage and skill of weaving pochampally sarees
by training people in other villages and encouraging more
innovation rather than keeping it in house
Should follow advances in design and weaving automation
and environmentally friendly techniques
Governance follows classical Panchayat model that is not
entrepreneurial.
Social Capital wasted away with no strategic direction
Design of Smart Villages
Conclusion
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There is no denying fact that we need smart villages. This is
the biggest challenge facing all developing countries today.
There are technologies available and they are successful
elsewhere. But the failure comes from lack of strategy,
integrated planning and execution
The ecosystem framework of a village and city based on
its location and investment climate will guide in developing
growth strategies
They can be replicated to millions of villages and towns
around the World and this is in line with the inclusive
growth initiatives .
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Design of Smart Villages
Applying STERM Framework to
build a Smart City
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Design of Smart Villages
The Five STERM forces
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Science research generates new and or improved products
New Technologies (Internet, Search, Solar) rapidly
emerging
New Engineering materials and designs come out every
day.
Institutions including Government and Social Institutions
play a very important role in service chains. Regulations
and policies with regard to infrastructure, climate change,
immigration, trade, outsourcing require attention
New Management techniques and business models such
as outsourcing, sell direct, supply hubs, e-retail,
telemedicine , are invented to enable growth.
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Regulators & Policy
Makers
Central /State
Governments
Municipal
Corporations
Citizen Groups,
Social Activists,
NGOs
Business
Organizations
Institutions
IT and Communication
Networks
Food Courts
e-kiosks, e-Retail
Call Centers
Water, Power, Energy
Resources
Resources
Distribution Centers
Land Resources,
Land Records
Service Delivery Technologies
& Mechanisms
Transportation
Smart City
Ecosystem
Healthcare,
Emergency
Services
Infrastructure
roads, airports, rail
Human Resources
UID
Financial Resources
Universities & Research
Institutions
Service Chains
Water
Power
Network
Network
July16,2010
Business Development
Industrial Clusters
Retail
Food
Security
Public
Transportation
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Housing
Security
Sewage,
garbage
treatment
Education,
Entrepreneurship
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Design of Smart Villages
Innovations
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Audio visual interfaces for all applications
Local language support
Equipment that can withstand harsh environments
Low cost medical services
Low cost housing
Processed food & food courts with hygienic affordable
and nutritious food
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