History of Africa Study Guide
1.
Which European country first colonized South Africa? The Netherlands
2.
When Great Britain took over South Africa and the Dutch settlers moved farther north,
which African group fought that expansion? Zulu
3.
What valuable natural resources were discovered in South Africa after the British took
control of that country? gold and diamonds
4.
Which organization was formed to work for equality in the country of South Africa?
5.
What is the apartheid system? segregation of races
6.
What conflict broke out in Nigeria after independence was declared?
7.
Describe one of Nelson Mandela's most important contributions to South Africa?
8.
Why is Nelson Mandela's election as president of South Africa
significant? He was the first non-white elected president.
9.
What was one effect the end of apartheid had on South Africa’s political system? Black
African National Congress
religious conflict between Christians and Muslims
leading the process by which black south Africans gained civil rights
South Africans were allowed to vote and hold office
10. Which twentieth-century event in South Africa’s history is most closely associated with
the end of apartheid? the election of Nelson Mandela as president
11. Who was the first black person to be elected president of South Africa? Nelson Mandela
12. After the Nationalist party came into power in South Africa in 1948, why did they
set up the system of apartheid? to separate the races and discriminate
against non-whites
13. What was the main goal of the Pan-African movement? to get Africans to think
of themselves as one people and to work together
14. What was Nelson Mandela’s attitude toward the people who had been responsible
for the old government of South Africa? He felt the different races needed to
try to work together in the new government
15. What was the name of Nelson Mandel’s political party? African National
Congress
16. What decision did South African President F.W. de Klerk eventually make about
the country’s apartheid laws? He lifted segregation restrictions on those
living in South Africa.
17. Which ethnic group in Rwanda is considered the minority but is actually the elite
group? Tutsi
18. Why was the government of Kenya criticized after independence, even though it
was led by Africans? The government was controlled by only one party.
19. In what modern day country did the Hutus and Tutsis fight for control leading the
genocide of almost one million people? Rwanda
20. Europeans in the nineteenth century saw colonies as a measure of national
power. The more colonies a European nation had, the more powerful they stood
in the world. This concept is known as: imperialism
21. Why did European nations eventually set up colonies in Africa? They needed
raw materials found on the African continent.
22. What was the name of the meeting that was held by European leaders in the
19th century (1800s) to discuss the division of Africa? The Berlin Conference
23. Why did many of the boundaries of the new African states created at the Berlin
Conference cause problems? The boundaries split tribes and family groups
24. Which two European countries fought for control of South Africa?
The Netherlands and Great Britain
25. Who started the African nationalist movement? young educated Africans who
attended universities in the US and Europe
26. What did the Dutch settlers in South Africa become known as? Boers
27. Wars fought between opposing sides within a single nation are what type of
conflict? civil wars
28. The preplanned murder of an entire national, racial, political, or ethnic group is
called: genocide
29. In 1958, where did the South African government make black people live after it
separated them from the white people? reserves or homeland
30. What movement can take a lot of credit for sparking independence movements
that left nearly all African nations free of colonial rule by the 1980s? African
Nationalist Movement