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1 Marks Questions & Answers
1. Why is it necessary to destarch a
plant before performing any
experiment on photosynthesis?
A. It is necessary to destarch a plant
before performing any experiment
on photosynthesis because if
starch is present it may interfere
with the experiment.
2. What is the function of Epiglottis?
A. It controls the movement of air
and food towards their respective
passages.
3. What are pleura?
A. Pleura are the two membranes that
protect the lungs from injury.
4. What is main reason for feeling
pain in muscles after strenuous
exercise?
A. Due to the anaerobic respiration in
muscles large amounts of lactic
acid accumulates and this results
in muscular pain.
5. Name the substance whose build
up in the muscles during vigorous physical exercise may cause
cramps?
A. Lactic acid.
6. Why we are advised not to talk
while eating food?
A. We are advised so because while
eating, some food particles might
enter the wind pipe which can lead
to choking.
7. Why is there more pressure in
arteries than veins?
A. The arteries receive blood from
heart. So blood pressure is more.
8. Why is it advised to take low
amount of salt in food?
A. Because the salt (sodium) levels
will be more in accumulated water
at the time of edema. If salt is not
reduced, the salt levels increase.
9. What is the reason for edema?
A. Edema may occur due to inactivity. Fluid retention develops after
fluid flows down into the lower
extremities causing swelling.
10. What is heart attack?
A. There is a pair of coronary arteries.
They carry oxygenated blood to
the heart muscle. In some people,
the coronary arteries get blocked
with age. When this happens, muscle cells in the heart do not receive
oxygenated blood and stop working. This is called "heart attack"
and if not treated immediately the
patient may die due to failure of
heart.
When coronary arteries get
blocked due to accumulation of fat
in blood vessels, muscle cells in
the heart do not receive oxygenated blood and stop working. This is
also a reason of heart attack.
11. Name the bile pigments
A. Bilurubin, Biliverdin and urochrome are the bile pigments.
12. How can you appreciate the 18
years old H.S.Yaswanth kumar's
father for donating the organs of
his brain dead son?
A. We can appreciate the father for
his humane act, where no one can
accept to take or think such a decision of donating the organs of his
brain dead son.
13. What are the organs generally
transplanted?
A. The organs like kidney, liver,
lungs, pancreas, skin, bone, intestine and eye (cornea) can be transplanted from the donors.
14. Why is more urine produced in
winter?
A. When we are in cold environment,
blood flow to our internal organs
is increased, to keep our organs
warm. The increase in the blood
flow to the kidneys causes more
blood to be filtered. Thus more
urine is produced in winter.
15. Why do some children pass
urine during sleep at night until
15 or 16 years of age?
A. Children pass urine during sleep at
night because of one or more reasons. Eg: some children wet bed
because they do not secrete
enough level of vasopressin which
reduces the urine production.
16. Name the receptors of smell and
taste?
A. The receptor of smell is olfactory
receptor and taste is 'gustatory
receptor.
17. What is thigmotropism?
A. The type of response to contact or
touch is called 'thigmotropism' or
BIOLOGY SUBJECT
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the directional growth movement
of plant part in response to the
touch of an object is called 'thigmotropism'.
What is chemotropism?
The movement of plant part in
response to chemical stimulus is
called 'chemotropism'.
What is umbilical cord? How is
it formed?
1) It is a tube like structure which
contains the very important blood
vessels that connect the embryo
with placenta.
2) It is formed when the edges of
the amniotic folds come together
around the stalks of the allantois
and yolk sac.
What is layering?
Layering is a vegetative propagation method in which a portion of
an aerial stem grows roots while
still attached to the parent plant
and then detaches as an independent plant. Ex. Jasmine, grapevine
and crotans
What is meant by ovulation?
Releasing of the egg or ovum by
the rupturing of the ovarian follicle is called 'ovulation'.
What are the four embryonic
membranes that help to nourish,
protect and support the growing
embryo?
1. Chorion 2. Placenta 3. Amnion
and 4. Allantois are the four
embryonic membranes that help to
nourish, protect and support the
growing embryo.
What is colostrum?
Colostrum is watery lymph like
fluid that accumulates in the mammary glands during the last part of
the pregnancy and first milk
released after the child birth.
What is parthenogenesis? Give
example.
Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which the egg
develops without meiosis and fertilization. Ex. Bees, ants, Wasps
and Rotifers.
What is allele?
The part of the genes which are
responsible for character is called
"allele".
What are analogous organs?
Analogous organs are those that perform similar functions but have
entirely different embryonic origins.
Ex: Wing of a bird and wing of a bat
What are fossils?
Fossils are of ancient life forms or
ancient habitats which have been
preserved by natural process.
What are vestigial organs?
Organs which are not useful in
animals are called 'vestigial
organs'. Human being is a 'living
museum of vestigial organs'.
How can we recognize the taste?
Taste can be identified easily only
when the tongue is pressed against
the palate.
What hormones are related to
the hunger?
'ghrelin' hormone is secreted in the
stomach is responsible for hunger
generating sensation. 'Leptin' hormone suppresses hunger.
Prepare slogans to promote
awareness in your classmates
about ecofriendly activities.
1. Save energy - Save Lives
2. 'No' to bikes and cars - 'Yes' to
cycle.
3. Encourage friendly insects Discourage toxic pesticides
4. Bio-remediation - Saves our
future generation.
What are fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels are produced from
remains of ancient plants and animals. They include coal, petroleum [oil] and natural gas.
2 Marks Questions & Answers
1. How can we test the presence of
starch in leaves? Explain
A. 1. Take a leaf of a plotted plant
which has soft, thin leaves.
2. Boil the leaf in a methylated
spirit over a water bath till it be-
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comes pale white due to removal
of chlorophyll. Observe the leaf.
3. Spread the leaf in a dish and add
few drops of tincture Iodine/Betadine solution on it.
4. Observe the leaf.
5. The presence of starch will be
indicated by a blue - black colour.
How is small intestine designed
to absorb digested food? Explain
1. After the completion of digestion,
complex food substances are converted to glucose, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids are formed.
2. These are transported from intestine into blood. This is called
"absorption".
3. The intestinal wall has a number
of fingerlike projections called
'villi'.
4. Blood vessels and lymph vessels are present in villi in the form
of a network .
5. Digested simple form of substances are first absorbed into villi
and then into blood, lymph vessels
6. Villi help to absorb digested food
and supply to all parts of the body.
After reading the nutrition chapter what food habits are you going
to adopt to avoid indigestion?
Indigestion is a general term used
where there is difficulty in digesting food. Healthy people can
avoid indigestion by :
1. Having simple, well balanced
diet.
2. Eating food leisurely
3. Thoroughly masticating food
4. Avoiding violent exercise after
meal
5. Having plenty of roughages in
the diet.
How is a more serious form of
indigestion caused?
1. Stomach and duodenal ulcers cause a more serious form of indestion.
2. Normally these conditions are
seen in people who are hurried or
worried.
3. The ulcers are more common in
people who get into the habit of
hurrying over meals and rushing
from one activity to another without rest.
Why does the rate of breathing
increase while walking uphill at
a normal pace in mountains?
Give two reasons.
The rate of breathing increases
while walking uphill at a normal
pace in mountains.
1. It is because as we go up the hill
above sea level the concentrations
of O2 is greatly reduced. So we
have to breathe more to get
required amount of O2.
2. While walking the uphill a lot of
oxygen is used by our body to
release energy from glucose.
3. This leads to lack of O2 in the
cells.
4. Hence, to increase the amount of
O2 intake there is an increase in
breathing rate during walking uphill.
Why does a deep sea driver
carry O2 on his/her back?
1. O2 is present in dissolved state
in water.
2. Human beings doesn't have gills
like the fish which can extract dissolved O2 from water and utilise it
for breathing.
3. Moreover as we go deep down
in water, the O2 level decreases.
4. So, a deep driver carries an O2 gas
cylinder for breathing when he/she
goes deep under the sea water.
7. What is coagulation of blood?
Which type of blood cells are
helpful for this?
A. When there is an injury or a cut,
the blood flows out of the wound
for only a short time. Chemical
reactions involved in the blood
coagulation.
Then the cut is filled with a reddish
solid material. This solid is called a
blood clot by blood platelets or
Thrombocytes. They release an
enzyme called Thrombokinase.
8. What is meant by osmoregulation? How is it maintained in
human body?
A. 1) Maintaining the correct amount
of water, ionic balance in the body is
osmoregulation. Kidney is the chief
osmoregulatory organ of our body.
2) Kidneys with their osmoregulatory activity keep all our body fluids (blood, lymph, tissue fluid) in a
steady concentration.
3) If this condition fails, all the
physiological activities of our
body collapse. The Nephrons in
the kidney filter the impure blood
containing metabolic wastes.
4) Nephrons have the ability to separate nitrogenous metabolic wastes,
impurities from the blood and mix
them with water forming urine.
5) The useful materials like glucose, water, mineral ions like sodium and potassium are retained by
the body with the help of kidneys.
9. Imagine what happens if waste
materials are not sent out of the
body from time to time?
A. 1) Kidney failure is sometimes
called End Stage Renal Disease
(ESRD). If kidneys stop working
completely, our body is filled with
extra water and waste products.
This condition is called uremia.
2) Our hands or feet may swell and
feel tired and weak, because the
body needs clean blood to function
properly.
3) Kidneys are vital organs for survival. Several factors like infections, injury, very high blood pressure and sugur are restricted blood
flow to kidneys. This leads to
accumulation of poisonous wastes
in the body and leads to death.
10. We people have very less awareness about organ donation. To
motivate people write slogans
about organ donation.
A. Slogans about organ donation:
1) Help someone to live after
death.
2) Be an organ donor, all it costs is
little love.
3) At last you die, donate your eyes.
4) Help a generation with organ
donation.
5) Let someone see through your
eyes what you have seen.
6) Have a heart-Save a life.
7) Organ donation saves lives.
8) Organ donation is a gift for life.
11. Is the structure of neuron suitable
for transmission of impulses?
Analyse.
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A. 1) The dendrites of the neuron serve as the stimulus receptors for the
neuron, but they respond to a number of different types of stimuli.
2) The cell body contains the necessary structures for keeping the
neuron functional.
3) Surrounding the axon is the
myelin sheath, which plays an
important role in the rate of electrical transmission.
4) At the terminal end of the axon
is a branched structure with ends
called synaptic knobs.
5) From this structure chemical
signals can be sent to neighbouring neurons.
What are the characters Mendel
selected for his experiments on
pea plant?
Mendel has selected the followings contrasting characters in pea
plant.
1) Flower colour (Purple - White)
2) Flower position(Axial - Termina)
3) Seed colour (Yellow - Green)
4) Seed shape (Round - Wrinkled)
5) Pod shape (Inflated - Constricted)
6) Pod colour (Green - Yellow)
7) Stem length (Tall - Dwarf)
What is mastication?
Explain the role of different sets of
teeth in this process.
1) The grinding chewing and
shredding of food in the oral cavity with the help of teeth is called
"mastication".
2) Incisors have sharp edges and
very useful in biting the food to
make small pieces
3) Canines have sharp and pointed
edges which are very helpful in
piercing (or) tearing the food especially in carnivores. These canines
are very useful in piercing the
flesh.
4) Molars and premolars have
blunt and nearly flat surface. These are also called "grinding teeth"
5) Which help in grinding the
foods like nuts, peas and ground
nuts etc.
How are taste and smell related?
1) Taste and smell are closely
related.
2) It is evident in how we perceive
the flavours of food.
3) During severe cold and cough
we cannot make out the difference
in tastes of different food items.
4) When a food is hot and delicious with spicy smell, we feel
more tasty while eating the food.
5) The interaction between the
senses of taste and smell enhance
our perceptions the foods we eat.
Suggest any three programmes
for prevention of soil population
in view of avoiding pestisides.
1) We should encourage crop rotation in agricultural fields.
2) 'Mixed Crops' and 'aakarshaka
patralu' are very useful in preventing pests in a natural way.
3) Bacillus Turegensis, Trycoderma bacterium can prevent the
attack of pests to crops very effectively in a natural way.
4) Development of genetically
resistant strains which do not need
chemical pestcides.
5) Usage of bio-fertilizers and
vermi compost should be encouraged.
Give an example of recycling of
paper by the people? What is the
use of recycling of paper?
1) People in China and Mexico
reuse much of their waste paper
including writing paper, wrapping
paper and card board.
2) If half of the world's paper were
recycled much of the world wide
demand for new paper would be
fulfilled, saving many of the trees.
3) We can also replace some wood
products with alternatives like
Bamboo.
What is Biodiversity?
1) It is the variety of living things
that populate the earth.
2) The products and benefits that
we get from nature depend on biodiversity.
3) We need a rich mixture of living
things to provide foods, building
materials and medicines, as well
as to maintain a clean and healthy
landscape.
18. What are the three R's manthra
to save the environment?
A. The three R's are Reduce, Reuse,
and Recycle.
Reduce: The material that is useless can be reduced. For example
repairing leaky taps and avoiding a
shower or switching off unnecessary lights and fans.
Reuse: Things that often tend to
throw away like paper that would
minimize pollution.
Recycle: By recycling the waste
materials we can reduce the pollution.
19. Do you think one needs laws for
distribution of water and its
use? Why/why not?
A. 1) Yes, laws are needed for distribution of water and its use.
2) Otherwise all the people may
not have self discipline to conserve water.
3) As water is key resource for life,
competition may arise between
people and or states or countries.
4) Laws help to control this kind
of disputes and use it judiciously.
4 Marks Questions & Answers
1. How do plants manage the waste
materials?
A. 1) Plants do not have specific
organs to excrete the waste materials which are formed in the metabolism.
2) Plants produced carbon dioxide
and water wastes in the process of
respiration; oxygen is produced in
the photosynthesis process and
these exit through stomata of
leaves and lenticels of stem.
3) They get rid of excess water by
the process of transpiration and
guttation.
4) The waste products may be
stored in leaves, bark and fruits.
When these dead leaves, bark and
ripe fruits fall off from the tree
then the waste products in them
are get rid of from the plants.
5) Some of the plants waste gets
stored in the fruits in the solid bodies called Raphides. Ex: Yam.
6) Several plants prepare chemical
and store them in roots, leaves,
seeds for protection against herbivores. These chemicals are unpleasant to taste and hence herbivores
do not prefer to eat such plants.
2. Why do some people need to use
a dialysis machine? Explain the
principle involved in.
Dialysis machine
A. 1) Kidney failure is sometimes
called end stage renal disease
(ESRD). If kidneys stop working
completely, our body is filled with
extra waste products. This condition is called Uremia.
2) Dialysis machine is used to filter the blood of a person whose
kidneys are damaged. The process
is called haemodialysis.
3) In this process blood is taken
out from the main artery, mixed
with an anticoagulant, such as
heparin and then pumped into the
apparatus called dialyzer.
4) In this apparatus blood flows through channels or tubes. These tubes
are embedded in the dialyzing fluid.
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