Mandator y guidelines to composition
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Content
1
Formatting .................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1
Presentation and layout ................................................................................................................. 3
1.2
Font, font size and spacing ........................................................................................................... 3
1.3
Figures, illustrations....................................................................................................................... 3
2
Structure of thesis/written work section breakdown............................................................... 4
3
Preliminaries ................................................................................................................................ 5
3.1
Title page ....................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 5
3.3
Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................... 5
3.4 Table of contents ........................................................................................................................... 5
3.4.1 Classification markers ................................................................................................................... 5
3.4.2 Heading ......................................................................................................................................... 6
3.5
Figures and tables ......................................................................................................................... 6
3.6
List of abbreviations....................................................................................................................... 7
4
Writing the paper ......................................................................................................................... 8
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
Student work in the Bachelor degree program and in post graduate and/or continuing education8
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 8
Main section .................................................................................................................................. 8
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2
Master’s Thesis in the Master of Science programme .................................................................. 8
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.3.6
Bibliography/References ............................................................................................................... 9
Fundamentals ................................................................................................................................ 9
Citing of sources in a continuous text............................................................................................ 9
Analogous quotations .................................................................................................................. 10
Quotations ................................................................................................................................... 10
Secondary sources ...................................................................................................................... 12
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 12
4.4
Comments/Annotations as footnotes .......................................................................................... 12
5
Appendices ................................................................................................................................ 13
5.1
Declaration of independent work ................................................................................................. 13
5.2
Supporting material ..................................................................................................................... 14
5.3
Illustrated summary ..................................................................................................................... 14
6
The language of a scientific paper .......................................................................................... 15
6.1
General ........................................................................................................................................ 15
6.2 Readability ................................................................................................................................... 15
6.2.1 'I'-form and 'We'-form................................................................................................................... 16
Aktualisiert: arne/mcsy
Geprüft: pedi 26.04.12
Freigegeben: band 26.04.12
Mandator y guidelines to composition
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6.2.2 Uniformity of style ........................................................................................................................ 16
6.2.3 Bullet points ................................................................................................................................. 17
6.3 Title .............................................................................................................................................. 17
6.3.1 Structuring of content .................................................................................................................. 17
6.3.2 Formal structuring........................................................................................................................ 17
6.4
Gender-sensitive and non-discriminatory writing style ................................................................ 17
Appendix 1: Model title page .............................................................................................................. 19
S c o p e : These instructions are compulsory for the formal presentation of all written student works in the con-
text of the Bachelor’s or Master’s degree or a course of continuing education at the levels MAS (Master of Advanced
Studies), DAS (Diploma of Advanced Studies) or CAS (Certificate of Advanced Studies) at the Institute for Facility
Management at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences.
Caption:
Example
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Mandator y guidelines to composition
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1
Formatting
1.1
P r e s e n t a t i o n a n d l a yo u t
-
Ti t l e p a g e wi t h c l e a r p l a s t i c c o ve r i n g p a g e
-
Spiral binding or other bi nding
-
To p m a r g i n t o t e xt
3 cm
-
Left margin
3 cm
-
Right margin
3 cm
-
Bottom margin
2 cm
-
Th e h e a d e r c o n t a i n s t h e n u m b e r a n d t i t l e o f t h e r e s p e c t i ve c h a p t e r ( l e f t ) a s we l l a s t h e
page number (right).
-
Th e f o o t e r s h o ws t h e f o l l o wi n g o n t h e l e f t : © y e a r Z H AW , I n s t i t u t f ü r F M a n d o n t h e
r i g h t , t h e t i t l e o f t h e p a p e r ( a b b r e vi a t e d t i t l e p e r m i s s i b l e ) .
1.2
Font, font size and spacing
-
Standard font, 11 points
-
No font changes, i.e. consistent font throughout
-
Full justification (flush left and right)
-
L i n e s p a c i n g i n t e xt : 1 . 5
-
F o r l e g e n d s a n d f o o t n o t e s : f o n t s i ze 8 p o i n t s a n d s i n g l e l i n e s p a c i n g , n o p a r a g r a p h s
and blank lines in the footnotes
-
B e t we e n t h e t e xt p r o p e r a n d f o o t n o t e ( s ) : d o u b l e s p a c e d , t h e n f o o t n o t e s e p a r a t o r , 1 / 3
p a g e wi d t h )
-
W he n u s i n g E xc e l s p r e a d s h e e t s a n d g r a p h i c s , t h e r e a d a b i l i t y o f t h e t e xt m u s t c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s i ze o f t h e n o r m a l f o n t i n W o r d .
-
E m p h a s i s i n t h e t e xt : B o l d
-
Paragraphs:
o
Paragraphs to be separated by a blank line
o
No indentation a the beginning of a paragraph
o
Th e g a p a t t h e e n d o f t h e c h a p t e r i s g r e a t e r t h a n t h e s p a c i n g b e t we e n p a r a graphs.
I t i s p a r t o f t h e l e a r n i n g p r o c e s s t h a t a l l s t u d e n ts a r e c a p a b l e o f c r e a t i n g t h e i r o wn c o m p u t e r b a s e d t e m p l a t e f o r t h e w r i t t e n r e p o r t w i t h i t s o w n , c l e a r l y r e a d a b l e l a yo u t . Th i s c a p a b i l i t y i s t o
r e f l e c t wh a t h a s b e e n l e a r n e d a s a s t u d e n t .
1.3
Figures, illustrations
F i g u r e s ( i m a g e s ) a n d t a b l e s a r e i n s e r t e d w h e r e t h e y s u p p o r t t h e t e xt . I f t h e y a r e o n l y s u p p o r t ing documentation, they are added to the appendix. All figures and illustrations are labeled
wi t h a t i t l e a n d h a ve a c o r r e l a t i o n ( a r e f e r e n c e ) i n t h e t e xt ( s e e s e c t i o n 3 . 5 ) . Th e r e a d a b i l i t y o f
t h e f i g u r e s a n d i l l u s t r a t i o n s s h o u l d b e wa r r a n t e d e ve n w h e n p r i n t e d i n b l a c k a n d wh i t e .
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Mandator y guidelines to composition
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Structure of thesis/written work section breakdown
A c o m p l e t e p a p e r , e s p e c i a l l y a t e r m p a p e r , p r o j e c t r e p o r t a n d B a c h e l o r ’ s a s we l l a s Ma s t e r ' s
Th e s i s o f t h e Ma s t e r o f S c i e n c e a n d t h e Ma s t e r o f A d va n c e d s t u d i e s c o n s i s t s o f t h r e e p a r ts
( s e e F i g u r e 1 ) . Th e p a g e s i n b r a c k e t s a r e o p t i o n a l . F o r s m a l l e r a s s i g n m e n t s d u r i n g t h e c o u r s e
( e . g . i n t e r n s h i p r e p o r t ) , c e r t a i n i n d i vi d u a l c o m p o n e n t s m a y b e o m i t t e d o r s h o r t e n e d .
P a r t I : P r e l i mi n a r i e s
Logo ZHAW
Title page
II
Abstract
(III)
IV
(V)
(Acknow-
Table of
(List of
(List of
ledgement)
contents
figures /
abbrevia-
tables)
tions)
Do not include
Do not include
Do not include
in table of con-
in table of con-
in table of
tents
tents, PA, BA
contents
and MT MAS in
German and in
English; MT
MSc only in
English
Part II: Topic and bibliography
1
1 Introduc-
2
2 Main part
Etc.
3
tion
Etc.
Etc.
4 Conclu-
5 Biblio-
sion
graphy
Part III: Appendices
Etc.
Etc.
(VI)
Etc.
Etc.
7 Appendix
Appendix 2
Appendix 3:
Declaration
Appendix 1
Etc.
CD-Rom,
of inde-
Abstract or
pendent
Poster
work
Numbering
F o r p r o j e c t wo r k
throughout and
and both Bache-
page numbering
lor’s and Master’s
Thesis MSc/MAS
Figure 1 Schematic outline of the three parts of a scientific paper
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Mandator y guidelines to composition
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3
Preliminaries
3.1
Title page
D e s i g n i n a c c o r d a n c e wi t h E xa m p l e i n A p p e n d i x 1 . A n i l l u s t r a t i o n i s n o t m a n d a t o r y . Th e l o g o
o f t h e Z H AW m u s t b e p re s e n t o n t h e f r o n t p a g e i n t h e a p p r o p r i a t e p l a c e ; h o we ve r t h e r e i s n o
logo on the following pages.
3.2
Abstract
Th e a b s t r a c t i s a s u m ma r y ( e xc e r p t ) o f o n e ’ s o w n w o r k b e i n g p r e s e n t e d . Th e a i m o f t h e
a b s t r a c t i s t o p r o vi d e i n f o r m a t i o n i n s h o r t f o r m a b o u t t h e q u e s t i o n ( s ) b e i n g c o n s i d e r e d , t h e
methods, the main results and the findings. It lists all results and findings that are presented
i n t h e t h e s i s . Th e a b s t r a c t i n c l u d e s a l l t h e c h ap t e r s o f t h e wo r k a n d a n s we r s t h e q u e s t i o n s ,
w h y wa s w h a t e xa m i n e d , h o w, a n d w i t h w h a t r e s u l t ?
F o r t h e p r o j e c t r e p o r t , B a c h e l o r ’ s a n d Ma s t e r ' s Th e s i s MA S , t h e a b s t r a c t i s t o b e w r i t t e n i n
E n g l i s h a n d G e r m a n ; i n t h e Ma s t e r ' s Th e s i s MS c i n E n g l i s h . T h e l e n g t h i s t o b e n o m o r e
than half a page per language (1 printed page in total).
3.3
Acknowledgement
A n a c k n o wl e d g e m e n t i s o p t i o n a l . I t i n c l u d e s a l i s t i n g o f i n d i vi d u a l s a n d i n s t i t u t i o n s t h a t h a ve
g i ve n a s s i s t a n c e w h e n c r e a t i n g t h e w o r k . I t c o n t a i n s n o r e m a r k s t h a t b e l o n g i n t h e m a i n t e xt .
-
No signature
-
P a g e n u m b e r I I I , m a xi m u m l e n g t h 1 p a g e
-
f o r p r o j e c t w o r k , B a c h e l o r ’ s Th e s i s a n d Ma s t e r ’ s Th e s i s MS c / M A S : a G e r m a n a n d / o r
English Version
3.4
Table of contents
Th e t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s i s t h e g r e a t r e a d i n g a i d t o u n d e r s t a n d i n g a p a p e r . I t r e f l e c t s t h e c o n c e p t u a l f l o w o f t h e w h o l e wo r k . Th e r e f o r e , i t s h o u l d b e vi s u a l l y w e l l - c o n s t r u c t e d .
Ti t l e p a g e , a b s t r a c t , a c k n o wl e d g e m e n t a n d t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s a r e n o t i nc l u d e d i n t h e t a b l e o f
c o n t e n t s . Ta b l e s a n d f i g u r e s a r e i n c l u d e d , a s w e l l a s a l i s t o f a b b r e vi a t i o n s wi t h o u t n u m b e r i n g . A l l o t h e r c h a p t e r s a r e l i s t e d wi t h c l a s s i f i c a t i o n m a r k e r s .
3.4.1
C l a s s i f i c a t i o n ma r k e r s
D e c i m a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a l l o ws t h e d e e p e s t b r e a k d o wn . Th e s t r u c t u r e s h o u l d b e n o m o r e t h a n
four digits deep. If a further breakdown follows, (e.g. 1.2.1), a second corresponding point at
least is required (1.2.2).
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3.4.2
Heading
Th e r e a r e n o f u l l s t o p s a t t h e e n d o f a h e a d i n g ( n e i t h e r i n t h e t a b l e c o n t e n t n o r i n t h e t e xt ) .
3.5
Figures and tables
A list of illustrations and/or tables is to be included when there are many and important illu strations and/or tables which form a substantial part of the pa per.
A l l i l l u s t r a t i o n s ( p h o t o s , g r a p h i c s , e t c . ) a r e t o b e l a b e l l e d wi t h a t i t l e b e l o w .
Sortimentsanteile 2001
11%
1%
19%
12%
13%
Gemüse
Fertiggerichte
Fleisch, Fisch, Geflügel (roh)
Kartoffelerzeugnisse
Backwaren
Fische
Sonstiges
30%
14%
F i g u r e 2 R a n g e o f f r o z e n f o o d p r o d u c t s p u r c h a s e d b y t h e p r i va t e c o n s u m e r i n
2001
Example list of illustrations
Fig. 1
D e ve l o p m e n t o f t h e r a t e o f h i g h s c h o o l g r a d u a t e s i n
t h e F R G ( a s a p e r c e n t a g e o f t h e r e s p e c t i ve a ve r a g e a g e )
1955 - 1990
Fig. 2
14
R a n g e o f f r o ze n f o o d p r o d u c t s p u r c h a s e d b y t h e p r i va t e
consumer in 2001
20
A l l t a b l e s w i l l b e l a b e l l e d wi t h a t i t l e a b o ve , w h i c h s h a l l b e r e c o r d e d ve r b a t i m i n t h e l i s t o f
tables.
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Ta b . 2
H o u s e h o l d e xp e n d i t u r e f o r p r i va t e c o n s u m p t i o n , s t a p l e a n d l u xu r y f o o d
items, and food and beverages
Private consumer spending
Staple and luxury food items
Food and beverages
1969
1973
1978
536
504
1872
538
424
1978
1983
1988
Monetary expenditure in €2000
1997
1883
1932
442
432
409
426
385
382
1993
1998
2079
425
388
2196
360
344
Example list of tables
Ta b . 1
Average hourly earnings of cleaning staff in Switzerland from 1990 – 2010
Ta b . 2
Household expenditure for private consumption, staple and luxury
food items, and food and beverages
15
21
Th e c o n t e n t s o f t h e f i g u r e s a n d t a b l e s m u s t i n ea c h c a s e b e d e s c r i b e d in t h e t e xt wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e i l l u s t r a t i o n i n q u e s t i o n . ( s e e f i g u r e 2 a s a n e xa m p l e ) .
3.6
List of abbreviations
A s a b b r e vi a t i o n s m a k e t h e t e xt m o r e d i f f i c u l t t o r e a d , a s f e w a s p o s s i b l e a r e t o b e u s e d . Th e i r
u s a g e m u s t b e l i n g u i s t i c a l l y a n d g r a m m a t i c a l l y c o r r e c t . A b b r e vi a t i o n s a r e a d d e d i n b r a c k e t s
f o l l o wi n g t h e f i r s t t i m e t h e s p e l l e d o u t e xp r e s s i o n i s i n t r o d u c e d i n t h e t e xt a n d i n t h e c o n t i n u a t i o n o n l y t h e a b b r e vi a t i o n wi l l b e u s e d .
A l i s t o f a b b r e vi a t i o n s i s n e c e s s a r y wh e r e n u m e r o u s a n d l e s s c o mm o n ab b r e vi a t i o n s a r e c o n c e r n e d . O n l y t h o s e a b b r e vi a t i o n s t h a t a r e a c t u a l l y u s e d a r e t o b e i n c l u d e d , a n d i n t h e e xa c t
f o r m t h e y a r e u s e d . C o m m o n l y u s e d a b b r e vi a t i o n s a r e n o t l i s t e d .
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4
Writing the paper
4.1
Student work in the Bachelor degree program and in post g raduate and/or continuing education
4.1.1
Introduction
In the introduction, important considerations with respect to content and method are set out to
e n s u r e t h a t a l l t h e c o n d i t i o n s f o r w o r k h a ve b e e n e xp l a i n e d . Th i s ' o ve r vi e w ' f a c i l i t a t e s c o m p r e h e n s i o n o f t h e w o r k w h e n r e a d i n g . Th e s e s h o u l d b e t h e f o l l o wi n g c h a p t e r s ( m a y va r y a c cording to the paper concerned):
Example of introduction
1 Introduction
1.1
Background and problem
1.2
O b j e c t i ve
1.3
Me t h o d s / A p p r o a c h
1.3.1 …
1.3.2 …
4.1.2
1.4
Te r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n
1.5
Scope
Ma i n s e c t i o n
H e r e , a l l s t e p s o f t h e w o r k a r e p r e s e n t e d a n d t h e r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d a r e d e s c r i b e d . Th e c h a p t e r
d i vi s i o n c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e f l o w o f t h e s u b j e c t m a t t e r o r t h e d i s p o s i t i o n .
4.1.3
Conclusion
I n t h e c o n c l u s i o n , t h e re s u l t s a r e i n t e r p r e t e d , r e f l e c t e d u p o n a n d c r i t i c a l l y ( a n a l yt i c a l l y) a s s e s s e d . O n e ’ s o w n f i n d i n g s a r e w e i g h e d a g a i n s t e a c h o t h e r o r c o m p a r e d wi t h t h o s e o f o t h e r
authors. Recommendations for further action and an outlook on areas for further research are
also pertinent.
Th e c o n c l u s i o n c h a p t e r c a n b e d i vi d e d i n t o s u b - s e c t i o n s .
Master’s Thesis in the Master of Science programme
4.2
Th e Ma s t e r ' s T h e s i s s h o u l d b e d i vi d e d i n t o t h e f o l l o wi n g c h a p t e r s :

Th e o r y / B a c k g r o u n d

Me t h o d o l o g y

Results

Discussion
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I n t h e t h e o r y s e c t i o n , a s u m m a r y i s g i ve n o f t h e t h e o r i e s , m o d e l s a n d r e s u l t s o f e xi s t i n g e m pirical research which are important for the subject of the thesis. The theory section should
c o n c l u d e wi t h t h e q u e s t i o n t h e p a p e r s e e k s t o a n s we r . Th i s m u s t d e r i ve l o g i c a l l y f r o m t h e
theory chapters. The gaps in the research and the further research required is to be shown
here.
Th e m e t h o d o l o g y s e c t i o n o u t l i n e s h o w t h e r e s e a r c h q u e s t i o n c a n b e e x p l o r e d .
W he n s e c o n d a r y d a t a i s u s e d , t h e m e t h o d o l o g y u s e d s h o u l d b e d e s c r i b e d . I n e m p i r i c a l w o r k
using primary data, the research design, i.e. e.g. the form of the planned data colle ction, data
a n a l ys i s , e n s u r i n g c o m p l i a n c e wi t h q u a l i t y c r i t e r i a a n d t h e s a m p l e a r e p r e s e n t e d .
I n t h e r e s u l t s s e c t i o n , t h e r e s u l t s t h a t a r e r e l e v a n t t o a n s we r i n g t h e q u e s t i o n a r e p r e s e n t e d .
Th i s s h o u l d b e d e s c r i b e d i n a n e u t r a l a n d c o m p r e h e n s i b l e f a s h i o n .
I n t h e d i s c u s s i o n s e c t i o n , t h e r e s u l t s a r e i n t e r p r e t e d i n t e r m s o f t h e q u e s t i o n ( s ) b e i n g e va l u a t e d a n d t h e s c o p e o f t h e i n ve s t i g a t i o n i s r a i s e d .
4.3
4.3.1
B i b l i o g r a p h y/ R e f e r e n c e s
F u n d a me n t a l s
Th e e xa m i n a t i o n / a n a l ys i s a n d t h e c i t i n g o f d a t a , i n f o r m a t i o n a n d k n o w l e d g e f r o m d i f f e r e n t
s o u r c e s f o r m t h e b a s i s o f a l l s c i e n t i f i c wo r k . I n t h e p r o c e s s , a l l s o u r c e s u s e d a n d t h e o r i g i n s
of all citations must be declared, and one’s own thoughts and ideas clearly differentiated from
t h o s e o f o t h e r a u t h o r s . C o p y r i g h t s a r e t o b e r e s p e c t e d . P l a g i a r i s m vi o l a t e s c o p yr i g h t ( s e e t h e
p a m p h l e t f o r s t u d e n t s A vo i d i n g P l a g i a r i s m ) .
A t t h e I n s t i t u t e o f F a c i l i t y Ma n a g e m e n t , w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e c r e a t i o n o f t h e s o u r c e d i r e c t o r y
a n d c i t a t i o n p r o t o c o l s i n t h e t e xt , e s s e n t i a l l y t h e s t a n d a r d s o f t h e A m e r i c a n P s yc h o l o g i c a l
A s s o c i a t i o n ( A P A ) a n d t h e G e r m a n S o c i e t y f o r P s yc h o l o g y ( D G P ) a p p l y.
4.3.2
Citing of sources in a continuous text
Th e A m e r i c a n P s yc h o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n , ( 2 0 1 0 , p . 1 7 4 ) s u m m a r i s e s t h e k e y p o i n t s a s f o l l o ws :
„ R e f e r e n c e s i n A P A p u b l i c a t i o n s a r e c i t e d i n t e x t wi t h a n a u t h o r - d a t e c i t a t i o n s ys t e m
a n d a r e l i s t e d a l p h a b e t i c a l l y i n t h e r e f e r e n c e l i s t . Th i s s t yl e o f c i t a t i o n b r i e f l y i d e n t i f i e s
the source for readers and enables them to locate the source of information in the a lp h a b e t i c a l r e f e r e n c e l i s t a t t h e e n d o f t h e a r t i c l e . E a c h r e f e r e n c e c i t e d i n t e xt m u s t a p p e a r i n t h e r e f e r e n c e l i s t , a n d e a c h e n t r y i n t h e r e f e r e n c e l i s t m u s t b e c i t e d i n t e xt .
Ma k e c e r t a i n t h a t e a c h s o u r c e r e f e r e n c e d a p p e a r s i n b o t h p l a c e s a n d t h a t t h e t e xt c i t a t i o n a n d r e f e r e n c e l i s t e n t r y a r e i d e n t i c a l i n s p e l l i n g o f a u t h o r n a m e s a n d ye a r “ (
W he n c i t i n g f r o m m o r e t h a n o n e s o u r c e , a l l s o u r c e s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e s a m e o r d e r a s i n t h e r e f erence list and separated by semicolons.
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4.3.3
Analogous quotations
Th e m o s t f r e q u e n t l y u s e d t yp e o f c i t a t i o n i s t h e a n a l o g o u s r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f a t e xt . K n o wn
f o r m s a r e t h e p a r a p h r a s i n g o f t e xt , t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e t e xt i n yo u r o w n wo r d s ( t e xt l e n g t h
r e m a i n s s o m e wh a t t h e s a m e ) a n d t h e s u m m a r y, r e d u c i n g t h e i n f o r m a t i o n t o t h e e s s e n t i a l s . I n
t h i s c o n t e xt , t h e m e a n i n g o f t h e o r i g i n a l wi l l n o t b e d i s t o r t e d o r m a n i p u l a t e d . D e p e n d i n g o n
t h e l e n g t h o f t h e t e xt i t wi l l b e w r i t t e n i n t h e s u b j u n c t i ve o f i n d i r e c t s p e e c h o r i n t h e i n d i c a t i ve
4.3.4
Quotations
P i e c e s o f t e xt f r o m t h e w o r k o f a n o t h e r a u t h o r o r f r o m o n e ’ s o w n e a r l i e r w o r k s a r e t o b e q u o t e d ve r b a t i m . I f t h e y a r e s h o r t q u o t a t i o n s , t h e y a r e t o b e e n c l o s e d i n t h e t e xt i n ( d o u b l e ) q u o tation marks; longer quotations (more than 40 words) are to be presented as separate blocks
o f t e xt wi t h o u t e n c l o s i n g q u o t a t i o n m a r k s ( b l o c k q u o t a t i o n s ) .
Block quotations
B l o c k q u o t a t i o n s a r e ve r b a t i m q u o t e s o f m o r e t h a n 4 0 wo r d s ; t h e y a r e p r e s e n t e d a s a s e p a r a t e p a r a g r a p h wi t h o u t q u o t a t i o n m a r k s . A b l o c k q u o t a t i o n a l wa ys s t a r t s o n a n e w l i n e a n d i s
fully (including any continuation lines) indented. Paragraphs within a block qu otation should
be indented from the margin of the block quotation.
Tr a xe l ( 1 9 7 4 ) g i ve s t h e f o l l o wi n g d e s c r i p t i o n :
P s yc h o l o g y t o d a y r e g a r d s i t s e l f a s a n e m p i r i c a l s c i e n c e . Th i s a s s e s s m e n t i s g e n e r a l l y va l i d t o t h e e xt e n t t h a t a l l c u r r e n t s c h o o l s o f p s yc h o l o g y c l a i m e xp e r i e n c e a s t h e i r b a s i s , e ve n i f t h e y a s i n d i vi d u a l s d i f f e r i n h o w t h e y c o l l e c t t h e d a t a o f e xp e r i e n c e a n d i n h o w t h e y p r o c e s s
it. (Page 15)
Q u o t a t i o n ma r k s
Q u o t a t i o n s i n t h e t e xt a r e e n c l o s e d b y d o u b l e q u o t a t i o n m a r k s . I f a q u o t e d t e xt i s i t s e l f
m a r k e d b y q u o t a t i o n m a r k s , t h i s i s i n d i c a t e d wi t h s i n g l e q u o t a t i o n m a r k s .
O n e c a n o n l y a g r e e wi t h t h e s t a t e m e n t t h a t “ u n f o r t u n a t e l y, t h e u s e o f t h e t e r m
‘egocentrism’ is not clear” (Ewert 1983 pg. 117).
E we r t ( 1 9 8 3 ) a l s o s t a t e s t h a t “ u n f o r t u n a t e l y, t h e u s e o f t h e t e r m ‘ e g o c e n t r i s m ’
is not clear” (pg. 117).
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Accuracy
Q u o t a t i o n s m u s t c o r r e s p o n d e xa c t l y t o t h e wo r d i n g , s p e l l i n g , a n d p u n c t u a t i o n o f t h e o r i g i n a l ,
e ve n i f i t i s f a u l t y. I f s u c h e r r o r s i n t h e o r i g i n a l c o u l d l e a d t o m i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g s , t h e wo r d s i c
i n b r a c k e t s [ s i c ] m u s t be a d d e d a f t e r t h e p l a c e w h e r e t h e f a u l t o c c u r s . Th e c o m p l e t e l y ve r b a t i m c o n s i s t e n c y o f t h e q u o t a t i o n wi t h t h e o r i g i n a l m u s t b e c h e c k e d wh e n c r e a t i n g t h e m a n u script.
...the Komputer [sic] is ...
Changes to the original
I n p r i n c i p l e , q u o t a t i o n s m u s t c o r r e s p o n d e xa c t l y t o t h e o r i g i n a l . A l t e r a t i o n s wi t h o u t f u r t h e r
identification are only permissible…

w h e n c h a n g i n g t h e f i r s t l e t t e r o f a q u o t a t i o n f r o m u p p e r t o l o w e r c a s e a n d vi c e - ve r s a ;

when changing the final punctuation mark of the quotation, to adapt it t o the syntax of the
s e n t e n c e i n wh i c h i t h a s b e e n i n s e r t e d .
All other changes made by the author must be indicated as such:

“Omitting material: use three spaced ellipsis points (. . .) within a sentence to indicate
t h a t y o u h a ve o m i t t e d m a t e r i a l f r o m t h e o r i g i n a l s o u r c e . U s e f o u r p o i n t s t o i n d i c a t e a n y
o m i s s i o n b e t we e n t w o s e n t e n c e s . Th e f i r s t p o i n t i n d i c a t e s t h e p e r i o d a t t h e e n d o f t h e f i r s t
s e n t e n c e q u o t e d , a n d t h e t h r e e s p a c e d e l l i p s i s p o i n t s f o l l o w. D o n o t u s e e l l i p s i s p o i n t s a t
t h e b e g i n n i n g o r e n d o f a n y q u o t a t i o n u n l e s s , t o p r e ve n t m i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , yo u n e e d t o
e m p h a s i ze t h a t t h e q u o t a t i o n b e g i n s o r e n d s i n m i d s e n t e n c e . ” ( A m e r i c a n P s yc h o l o g i c a l
Association, 2011)

Insertions of any kind which do not originate from the author of the m aterial quoted are
a l wa ys p u t i n s q u a r e b r a c k e t s ( e . g . , a d d i t i o n s , e xp l a n a t i o n s o r c l a r i f i c a t i o n s ) .

“ T h e y [ t h e e xp e r t s ] h a ve . . . ”


“ I f yo u w a n t t o e m p h a s i ze a wo r d o r wo r d s i n a q u o t a t i o n , i t a l i c i ze t h e w o r d o r w o r d s . I m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r t h e i t a l i c i ze d w o r d s , i n s e r t wi t h i n b r a c k e t s t h e wo r d s “ e m p h a s i s a d d e d ”
( A m e r i c a n P s yc h o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n , 2 0 1 1 )
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a particular [emphasis added] meaning
4.3.5
Secondary sources
U s e s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e s s p a r i n g l y, f o r i n s t a n c e , w h e n t h e o r i g i n a l w o r k i s o u t o f p r i n t , u n a va i l a b l e t h r o u g h u s u a l s o u r c e s o r n o t a va i l a b l e i n E n g l i s h . S t a t e t h e s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e i n t h e r e f e r e n c e l i s t ; i n t e xt , n a m e t h e o r i g i n a l wo r k a n d g i ve a c i t a t i o n f o r t h e s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e . F o r
e xa m p l e , i f A l l p o r t ’ s wo r k i s c i t e d i n N i c h o l s o n a n d yo u d i d n o t r e a d A l l p o r t ’ s wo r k , l i s t t h e
N i c h o l s o n r e f e r e n c e i n t h e r e f e r e n c e l i s t . I n t h e t e xt , u s e t h e f o l l o w i n g c i t a t i o n :
Allport’s diary (as cited in Nicholson, 2003)
4.3.6
Bibliography
Th e b i b l i o g r a p h y a t t h e e n d o f a wo r k c o n t a i n s t h e i n f o r m a t i o n n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e r e a d e r t o
i d e n t i f y t h e s o u r c e s c i t e d i n t h e a r t i c l e a n d t o be a b l e t o f i n d t h e m i n l ib r a r i e s . E v e r y r e f e r e n c e i n t h e t e xt m u s t b e l i s t e d i n t h e b i b l i o g r a p h y. L i k e w i s e , a n y wo r k wh i c h i s l i s t e d i n t h e
b i b l i o g r a p h y m u s t a l s o b e r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e t e xt .
Th e b i b l i o g r a p h y a l w a y s b e g i n s o n a n e w p a g e , wh i c h i s m a r k e d wi t h a p a g e h e a d i n g a n d
p a g e n u m b e r . Th e p a g e b e g i n s i n t h e f i r s t l i n e w i t h t h e wo r d b i b l i o g r a p h y, w h i c h i s n o t u n d e r lined.
Th e f i r s t l i n e o f e a c h c i t a t i o n b e g i n s o n t h e l e f t h a n d m a r g i n ; s u b s e q u e n t l i n e s g i vi n g a q u o t a tion are indented.
Th e w o r k s a r e l i s t e d a l p h a b e t i c a l l y b y a u t h o r s u r n a m e . I f t h e a u t h o r i s n o t k n o wn , t h e f i r s t
w o r d i n t h e t i t l e ( e xc e p t a r t i c l e ) o f t h e s o u r c e d e t e r m i n e s t h e o r d e r i n wh i c h i t i s l i s t e d o n t h e
reference list.
I f t h e r e l e a s e d a t e i s n o t k n o wn , i n t h e b r a c k e t " n o d a t e " s h o u l d b e i n c l u d e d . To e n s u r e t h a t
the references in the text refer to the bibliography as clearly as possible, the sources should
b e i n d i c a t e d a s f o l l o ws : ( Me i e r , u n d a t e d a ) , ( Me i e r , u n d a t e d b ) , e t c . I f s e ve r a l p u b l i c a t i o n s b y
t h e s a m e p e r s o n a r e r e f e r e n c e d i n t h e s a m e ye a r , t h e s e t o o a r e s u p p l e m e n t e d wi t h l o w e r c a s e
letters (2011a, 2011b, etc.).
4.4
Comments/Annotations as footnotes
C o m m e n t s a r e a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n , a m e n d m e n t s , r e f e r e n c e s t o t e xt o r t e xt a c q u i s i t i o n , t o
o t h e r l i t e r a t u r e , e t c . Th e s e a r e i n s e r t e d a s f o o t n o t e s o n t h e a p p r o p r i a t e p a g e a n d a r e f o r i n f o r m a t i o n wh i c h i s n o t s t r i c t l y n e c e s s a r y i n t h e t e xt i t s e l f . T h e y a r e n u m b e r e d c o n s e c u t i ve l y
wi t h s u p e r s c r i p t n u m b e r s . Th e s e n u m b e r s a p p e a r wi t h o u t b r a c k e t s a n d a f t e r t h e f i n a l p u n c t u a tion mark.
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5
Appendices
5.1
Declaration of independent work
E a c h p i e c e o f wr i t t e n s t u d e n t wo r k m u s t i n c l u d e a d e c l a r a t i o n o f i n d e p e n d e n t wo r k . I n t h i s
s t a t e m e n t t h e a u t h o r , o r g r o u p o f a u t h o r s , d e c l a r e s t h a t t h e y h a ve w r i t t e n i t i n d e p e n d e n t l y
a n d n o s o u r c e s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e s p e c i f i e d h a ve b e e n u s e d ( s e e a l s o p a m p h l e t A vo i d i n g P l a g i a r i s m ) . Th e t e xt o f t h e d e c l a r a t i o n o f i n d e p e n d e n t wo r k i s s h o w n i n F i g u r e 3 .
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Declaration of independent work
I h e r e b y d e c l a r e t h a t I h a ve i n d e p e n d e n t l y w r i t t e n t h i s p a p e r w i t h t h e t i t l e . . . . I d e c l a r e t h a t I h a ve n o t u s e d a n y s o u r c e s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e s p e c i f i e d . A l l s e g m e n t s wh i c h
w e r e t a k e n f r o m s o u r c e s e i t h e r ve r b a t i m o r b y a n a l o g y ( i n c l u d i n g p a r a p h r a s i n g ) , I
h a ve i d e n t i f i e d a n d r e f e r e n c e d a s s u c h . I u n d e r s t a n d t h a t f a i l u r e t o d o s o c o u l d l e a d
t o ( a n d , p o s s i b l y , e ve n a t s o m e f u t u r e p o i n t ) l e g a l a n d / o r d i s c i p l i n a r y a c t i o n b e i n g
taken.
Place, Date
Surname, Forename
Signature
Figu r e 3 D ec la r at i on of i nde pe nd ent w o rk .
S u c h a d e c l a r a t i o n i s t o b e i n c l u d e d i n t h e wo r k f o l l o wi n g t h e a p p e n d i c e s a n d m u s t b e s i g n e d
prior to the submission of the original copy.
5.2
Supporting material
Th i s i s wh e r e a d d i t i o n a l a n d s u p p o r t i n g m a t e r i a l s wh i c h a r e n o t s t r i c t l y n e c e s s a r y i n t h e t e xt
i t s e l f s h o u l d b e i n c l u d e d . O n l y t h o s e m a t e r i a l s t h a t a r e r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e t e xt a r e t o b e l i s t e d .
Th e s e s u p p o r t i n g m a t e r i a l s a r e t o b e i n t h e r e f e r e n c e d a s f o l l o ws ( s e e a p p e n d i x 1 : w o r k
p l a n s , p g . 2 2 ) a t t h e p l a c e i n t h e t e xt w h e r e t h e y a r e r e f e r r e d t o .
Th e m a t e r i a l s a r e n u m b e r e d a s a p p e n d i c e s . E a c h a p p e n d i x h a s a t i t l e a n d t h e a u t h o r s h i p o f
t h e m a t e r i a l m u s t b e i d e n t i f i e d . Th e p a g e s a r e n u m b e r e d c o n s e c u t i ve l y ( A r a b i c n u m e r a l s ) .
W he n s u p p o r t i n g m a t e r i a l s a r e p u t t o g e t h e r s e p a r a t e l y , t h e s a m e g u i d e l i n e s a p p l y .
Example list of appendices:
5.3
Appendix 1:
W or k p l a n s
22
Appendix 2:
Organigram
23
Illustrated summary
F o r t h e p r o j e c t wo r k , a n d t h e B a c h e l o r a n d Ma s t e r ' s Th e s i s MA S , a n i l l u s t r a t e d s u m m a r y o f
t h e wo r k i s w r i t t e n i n G e r m a n . Th e i l l u s t r a t e d s u m m a r y s h o u l d p o r t r a y t h e e n t i r e wo r k i n a
vi s u a l l y a t t r a c t i ve f o r m a n d a p p r o p r i a t e l a n g u a g e . I t i n c l u d e s a n e xt e n d e d s u m m a r y o f t h e
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c o n t e n t s o f t h e wo r k , i n p a r t i c u l a r t h e r e s u l t s a n d a s s o c i a t e d c o n c l u s i o n s . G r a p h i c s o r p i c t u r e s wh i c h c l a r i f y t h e c o n t e n t c a n b e u s e d a s i l l u s t r a t i o n s .
Th e r e a d e r s h i p f o r s u c h a s u m m a r y c a n b e s u bj e c t s p e c i a l i s t s o r f e l l o w s t u d e n t s ( a l s o f r o m
o t h e r u n i ve r s i t i e s ) w h o m i g h t b e i n t e r e s t e d i n g e t t i n g a n o v e r vi e w o f t h e c o n t e n t o f a B a c h e l o r ' s o r Ma s t e r ' s Th e s i s . Th e i l l u s t r a t e d s h o r t v e r s i o n i s t h e r e f o r e a d o c u m e n t t h a t c a n a nd
should be published.
Th e s u m m a r y s h o u l d g i v e a n o ve r vi e w o f t h e e n t i r e wo r k a n d m u s t i n c l u d e
-
the background of the work
-
the question(s) being considered
-
the methods
-
a b o ve a l l t h e r e s u l t s a n d a s s o c i a t e d c o n c l u s i o n s
o n n o m o r e t h a n 2 - 3 p ag e s ( A 4 ) . Te xt a n d i l l u s t r a t i o n s i n t h e s u m m a r y s h o u l d b e a s u i t a b l e
p r o p o r t i o n ( i . e . i n a b a l a n c e a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e c o n t e n t o f t h e wo r k ) .
I f q u o t a t i o n s a r e u s e d i n t h e i l l u s t r a t e d s u m m a r y, t h e y a r e t o b e d o c u m e n t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e
wi t h t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s g i v e n .
Th e s u m m a r y o f t h e wo r k wi l l b e a p p e n d e d t o t h e p a p e r ( p r o j e c t r e p o r t , B a c h e l o r ’ s a n d Ma s t e r ' s Th e s i s ) a n d s u b m i t t e d o n a C D i n b o t h , p d f - f i l e f o r m a t a n d i n t h e f o r m a t ( MS O f f i c e c o m p a t i b l e ) i n w h i c h t h e m a i n wo r k h a s b e e n p r e p a r e d .
F o r t h e Ma s t e r ’ s Th e s i s MS c a p o s t e r i s t o b e c r e a t e d . D e s i g n i n f o r m a t i o n c a n b e f o u n d i n
document W 235-08, in Appendix 3.
6
The language of a scientific paper
6.1
General
A w r i t t e n wo r k , a s p a r t o f a c o u r s e o f s t u d y a t th e Z H AW , f u l f i l s a sc i e n t i f i c , t h a t i s , g e n e r a l l y
a p p l i c a b l e r e q u i r e m e n t . A c c o r d i n g l y, t h e l a n g u a g e s h o u l d b e f a c t u a l , a c c u r a t e a n d p r e c i s e .
' N a r r a t i ve ' l a n g u a g e s h o u l d b e a vo i d e d . A s c i e n t i f i c p a p e r s h o u l d m a i n t a i n a c r i t i c a l d i s t a n c e
f r o m t h e s u b j e c t b e i n g i n ve s t i g a t e d . O n e ’ s p e r s o n a l e xp e r i e n c e i s n o t i m p o r t a n t , b u t r a t h e r
t h e u n i ve r s a l l y a p p l i c a b l e p r o c e d u r e ( p o r t a b i l i t y) a n d t h e r e s u l t ( ve r i f i a b i l i t y/ r e p e a t a b i l i t y) .
Th e r e a d e r o f a w r i t t e n w o r k s h o u l d b e a b l e t o f o l l o w t h e g e n e r a l c o u r s e o f t h e i n ve s t i g a t i o n
a n d , i f r e q u i r e d , b e a b l e t o t r a n s f e r t h i s t o t h e i r o wn c i r c u m s t a n c e s , t h a t i s t o s a y, t h e i n ve s t i g a t i o n a n d t h e r e s u l t s s h o u l d b e g e n e r a l i za b l e .
6.2
Readability
A wr i t t e n w o r k i s t h e t r a n s c r i p t o f a n i n t e l l e c t u a l , r e s e a r c h - b a s e d u n d e r t a k i n g . Th a t m e a n s
t h a t a s t u d y, a n i n ve s t i g a t i o n , a r e o r g a n i za t i o n , a p r o j e c t - t h a t i s wh e r e p r a c t i c a l wo r k i s c a r r i e d o u t - a l s o n e e d s t o b e w r i t t e n d o w n a n d c l e a r l y r e a d a b l e f o r a t h i r d p a r t y. Th e i d e a s ,
m e t h o d s , t h e s c o p e a n d t h e r e s u l t s s h o u l d a l wa ys b e c o m p r e h e n s i b l e ; t h i s m e a n s t h e l o g i c al
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Mandator y guidelines to composition
Code:
W 23 5 - 1 3 a
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Seite:
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Datum: 23.04.12
a n d s t r i n g e n t t r a n s c r i p t i o n o f t h e k e y s t e p s o f a t h e o r e t i c a l a n d p r a c t i c a l l y c o n d u c t e d i n ve s t i g a t i o n . T yp e s o f w r i t i n g i n c l u d e :
-
D o c u m e n t i n g ( e xc e r p t s , p a r a p h r a s i n g , d e s c r i b i n g t h e p h e n o m e n a , e . g . p r o c e s s e s , e t c . )
-
R e a s o n i n g wh e n e va l u a t i n g , d r a w i n g c o n c l u s i o n s a n d r e f l e c t i n g
6.2.1
'I'-form and 'We'-form
Th e ' I ' - f o r m ' d o e s n o t a p p e a r i n t h e m a i n c o m p o n e n t o f a s s e s s e d wr i t t e n wo r k . I t i s o n l y a p p r o p r i a t e i n t h e a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s . Th e a u t h o r ' s o wn o p i n i o n c a n b e id e n t i f i e d i n t h e m a i n
p a r t wi t h t h e p h r a s e “ i n m y o p i n i o n ” ( . . . ) .
Examples:
Unsuitable:
Better:
I had the idea ...
Th e f o l l o wi n g c o n c e p t s a r e c o n c e i va b l e : . . .
I considered …
Th e f o l l o wi n g c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a r e , i n m y o p i n i o n ,
d e c i s i ve . . .
Th e d i r e c t o r g a ve m e t h e t i p …
I t wa s d e c i d e d t h a t . . .
Th e s u m m a r y o f t h e wo r k o f o t h e r p e r s o n s , f o r e xa m p l e i n t h e o r e t i c a l c h a p t e r s / s e c t i o n s i s
e xp r e s s e d i n n e u t r a l a n d g e n e r a l l y a p p l i c a b l e f o r m u l a t i o n s . H o w e ve r , a c t i ve l a n g u a g e i s p r e f e r a b l e a n d f r e q u e n t p a s s i ve c o n s t r u c t i o n s s h o u l d b e a vo i d e d . Th e s t yl e o f s c i e n t i f i c wr i t i n g
h a s c h a n g e d i n r e c e n t ye a r s . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e A P A ( A m e r i c a n P s yc h o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n ) ,
s u c h t h i n g s a s o n e ’ s o w n vi e ws , c o n c l u s i o n s , a n d t h e r e s e a r c h e r s a c t i vi t i e s m a y n o w b e i d e n tified using the I -or we-form.
6.2.2
U n i f o r mi t y o f s t y l e
I n g e n e r a l , u s e s i m p l e , c l e a r a n d c o m p l e t e s e n t e n c e s! Th e t e n s e f o r g e n e r a l s t a t e m e n t s a n d
findings is normally the present tense; to describe the process of the work, a past tense is
used.
A l l s p e c i a l t e r m s a r e t o b e d e f i n e d a n d t h e i r u s e m u s t b e c o n s i s t e n t wi t h t h i s d e f i n i t i o n . N o
colloquialisms and no fillers are to be used.
A l l t h e r u l e s o f s p e l l i n g a n d g r a m m a r m u s t b e a d h e r e d t o . T h e a u t h o r i t y wi t h r e s p e c t t o
s p e l l i n g a n d g r a m m a t i c a l n o r m s i s ( e i t h e r ) t h e O xf o r d E n g l i s h D i c t i o n a r y ( o r t h e Me r r i a m W eb s t e r D i c t i o n a r y) . W hi c h e ve r i s c h o s e n , i t s u s e m u s t b e c o n s i s t e n t t h r o u g h o u t .
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Mandator y guidelines to composition
Code:
W 23 5 - 1 3 a
w riting for students at IFM
Seite:
17 / 19
Datum: 23.04.12
6.2.3
Bullet points
B u l l e t p o i n t s a r e i n t r o d u c e d wi t h a s i n g l e s e n t e n c e . U p p e r a n d l o we r c a s e l e t t e r s a r e t o b e
u s e d a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f e a c h p o i n t a s f o l l o ws :
-
C a p i t a l i s a t i o n o f k e y w o r d s c o n f o r m s t o wo r d t yp e ( i . e . p r o p e r n o u n o r c o m m o n n o u n ) .
-
C o m p l e t e s e n t e n c e s b e g i n wi t h a c a p i t a l l e t t e r a n d e n d wi t h a f u l l s t o p .
-
If only key words or parts of sentences are used, the fall stop at the end of the line is
omitted.
6.3
6.3.1
Title
Structuring of content
Ti t l e s h e l p t o s t r u c t u r e a t e xt a n d t o d i vi d e i t i n t o s e p a r a t e a r e a s / s e c t i o n s . Ti t l e s h e l p t o
s t r u c t u r e a t e xt a n d t o d i vi d e i t i n t o s e p a r a t e a r e a s / s e c t i o n s . Th i s m e a n s t h e t i t l i n g i s c r i t i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t . Th e t i t l e s s e t o u t wh a t i s b e i n g p r e s e n t e d i n t h e c h a p t e r o r s e c t i o n wh i c h f o l l o ws . Th i s i s wh e r e t h e c o n t e n t i n t r o d u c e d b y t h e t i t l e ( = 1 i d e a! ) i s d i s c u s s e d . Th i s a l s o
m e a n s , d o n ’ t s e p a r a t e t h a t wh i c h b e l o n g s t o g e t h e r !
Ti t l e s i n q u e s t i o n f o r m s h o u l d b e a vo i d e d . T h e r e s h o u l d b e a n e u t r a l o r i n c l u s i ve g e n e r i c
t e r m ( k e y wo r d ) . A r t i c l e s a r e n o t n e c e s s a r y b e f o r e t h e n o u n , n o r a r e c om p l e t e s e n t e n c e s , s o
the full stops at the end are omitted.
D o n ’ t s e l e c t a n o ve r l o n g t i t l e f o r t h e m a i n h e a d i n g ; i f n e e d b e , b r e a k i t u p i n t o a m a i n t i t l e
wi t h s u b h e a d i n g ( s ) .
6.3.2
F o r ma l s t r u c t u r i n g
A l l t i t l e s t h a t a r e p l a c e d i n t h e t e xt m u s t a l s o a p p e a r i n t h e i n d e x ( a n d vi c e ve r s a ) . E xa c t l y
t h e s a m e wo r d i n g m u s t b e u s e d . A l l t i t l e s m u s t b e c o n s e c u t i ve l y n u m b e r e d .
I f s u b - s u b t i t l e s a r e u s e d wi t h o u t m a r k e r s wi t h i n a t e xt , t h e y a r e , t h e y a r e wr i t t e n i n b o l d .
Th e t i t l e w h i c h h a s t h e h i g h e s t c l a s s i f i c a t i o n l e ve l s h o u l d e a c h b e p l a c e d o n a n e w p a g e
(main section) and appear in the header.
Th e d i s t a n c e s b e t we e n t h e t i t l e a n d t h e s e c t i o n w h i c h f o l l o ws s h o u l d b e c o n s i s t e n t .
6.4
We
G e n d e r - s e n s i t i ve a n d n o n - d i s c r i m i n a t o r y w r i t i n g s t yl e
recommend
that
yo u
employ
a
wr i t i n g
d i s c r i m i n a t o r y.
S:\pools\n\N-qm_prozesse_lsfm\PROZESS2\W 235-13a.doc
sty le
that
is
g e n d e r - s e n s i t i ve
and
non-
Mandator y guidelines to composition
Code:
W 23 5 - 1 3 a
w riting for students at IFM
Seite:
18 / 19
Datum: 23.04.12
F o r t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f f e m a l e a n d m a l e s u b j e c t s , n e u t r a l f o r m s ( e . g . , m a n a g e r , e m p l o ye e ) a n d
n e u t r a l g r o u p l a b e l s ( m a n a g e r s , e m p l o ye e s ) a r e t o b e u s e d . T h e Z H A W g u i d e g i ve s a t h o r ough
e xp l a n a t i o n
of
the
correct
grammatical
use
of
the
terms
( h t t p : / / w w w . zh a w . c h / f i l e a d m i n / u s e r _ u p l o a d / zh a w / c h a n c e n g l e i c h h e i t / S p r a c h l e i t f a d e n . p d f o r
h t t p : / / s u p p . a p a . o r g / s t yl e / p u b m a n - c h 0 3 . 0 0 . p d f ) . H o we ve r , t h e r e i s n o d e f i n i t i ve r u l e o n h o w
these designations must be made. How this has been handled can be clarified in a footnote.
F u r t h e r m o r e , yo u s h o u l d u s e a n o n - d i s c r i m i n a t o r y l a n g u a g e t h r o u g h o u t . I n a n y d e s c r i p t i o n ,
f o c u s o n t h e p e r s o n . Th i s a p p l i e s t o t o p i c s s u c h a s d i s a b i l i t y, a g e , s e xu a l o r i e n t a t i o n , r e l i g i o n
etc.
E xa m p l e : " P e o p l e w i t h d i s a b i l i t i e s " i s b e t t e r t h a n " t h e d i s a b l e d " .
S:\pools\n\N-qm_prozesse_lsfm\PROZESS2\W 235-13a.doc
Mandator y guidelines to composition
Code:
W 23 5 - 1 3 a
w riting for students at IFM
Seite:
19 / 19
Datum: 23.04.12
Appendix 1: Model title page
Title
Subtitle / Topic
Confidential (if applicable)
(Term paper
2. Semester)
(Project report
3. Semester)
(Internship report
4. Semester)
( B a c h e l o r ’ s Th e s i s
6. Semester)
( Ma s t e r ’ s Th e s i s
Ma s t e r o f A d va n c e d S t u d i e s , Ma s t e r o f S c i e n c e )
I n s t i t u t e o f F a c i l i t y Ma n a g e m e n t
( A s r e q u i r e d f o r p r o j e c t r e p o r t , B a c h e l o r ’ s a n d M a s t e r ’ s Th e s i s MS c / MA S )
Initiator
<Surname> <Forename>
Address
Author(s)
< Surname > < Forename >
Course of study 200_ - 200_
Due date
< D a y< > , < Ti m e >
( F o r t e r m p a p e r a n d p r o j e c t r e p o r t , a s we l l a s Ma s t e r ’ s Th e s i s MA S )
Assessor
<Surname> <Forename>, <acad. title>
( F o r Ma s t e r ’ s Th e s i s )
E xa m i n e r 1
<Vorname> <Name>, < acad. title >
Assessor 2
<Vorname> <Name>, < acad. title >
<Company>, <Place>
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