Unit 6: Social and Cultural Growth and Conflict -- Exam Name: ​_______________________________________________ ​ Date: _______________ Directions (1-35): For each statement or question, record on your separate answer sheet the number​ of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. ​The term "subsistence farmers" refers to people who grow (1) enough food to feed an entire village (2) food to sell in village markets (3) just enough food to meet the needs of the immediate family (4) a single cash crop 2. How did the introduction of agriculture affect early peoples? (1) Societies became nomadic. (2) Food production declined. (3) Civilizations developed. (4) Birth rates decreased rapidly. 3. The early civilizations of the Nile River Valley, Mesopotamia, and the Yellow River Valley were similar because they were (1) industrialized societies (2) monotheistic (3) dependent on fertile land (4) dependent on each other for trade 4. Hinduism and Buddhism are similar in that both religions (1) practice a belief in many gods (2) provide followers with a rigid social caste system (3) stress attainment of a better life through spiritual rebirth (4) look to the teaching of one person for their basic beliefs 5. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are similar in that they all (1) place great value on having many statues and images of holy people (2) believe in Mohammed as the Prophet of God (3) are monotheistic in belief (4) require their members to settle in the Holy Land 6. In ancient China, one effect on government of the teachings of Confucius (K'ung-fu-tzu) was the high status of (1) soldiers (2) merchants (3) farmers (4) scholars 7. Why did the ancient city-states of Athens and Sparta develop different political systems? (1) The Byzantine Empire dictated government policies. (2) Foreign travelers introduced new philosophies. (3) The mountainous topography resulted in the isolation of these city-states. (4) For over three centuries, civil wars raged in these city-states. 8. Alexander the Great’s conquests of Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Persia led to the (1) spread of Hellenic culture (2) adoption of a feudal system (3) establishment of representative democracy (4) spread of Islamic culture throughout Europe 1
Base your answer to question 9 on the diagram and on your knowledge of social studies. 12. The concept of zero, the expansion of the caste system, and the creation of the decimal system are most closely associated with the 1. Inca Empire 2. Tokugawa shogunate 3. Song dynasty 4. Gupta Empire 13. China under the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar in that both grew wealthy because they (1) developed extensive trade networks (2) created classless societies (3) encouraged democratic ideals (4) established free-market economies 9. Which concept is illustrated in the diagram? (1) manorialism (2) apartheid (3) caste (4) encomienda 10. The Pillars of Emperor Asoka of the Mauryan Empire and the Code of Hammurabi of Babylon are most similar to the (1) ziggurats of Sumeria (2) map projections of Mercator (3) Great Sphinx of the Egyptians (4) Twelve Tables of the Romans 11. One contribution of ancient Roman culture was the development of (1) the concept of zero (2) the process of making silk (3) a republic form of government (4) the printing press 14. What was a significant effect of Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca? (1) The African written language spread to southwest Asia. (2) Military leaders eventually controlled Mali. (3) Islamic learning and culture expanded in Mali. (4) The trading of gold for salt ended. 15. What was one result of the travels of Marco Polo? (1) Africa remained isolated. (2) Ottoman power decreased. (3) Colonies were established in Japan. (4) Interest in Asian cultures increased. 16. In western Europe, the Middle Ages began after the collapse of which empire? (1) Mughal (2) Roman (3) Ottoman (4) Byzantine Base your answers to questions 17 and 18 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 2
Source: Mazour and Peoples, World History: People and Nations, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (adapted) from the NYS Global History and Geography Regents Examination, August 2007. 17. Which statement is best supported by the information on this map? (1) The Roman Empire extended over three continents. (2) Rivers kept invaders out of the Roman Empire. (3) Alexandria served as the eastern capital of the Roman Empire. (4) Carthage was eventually destroyed by the Romans. 18. Based on the information provided by this map, which body of water was most likely the center of Roman trade? (1) Red Sea (2) Black Sea (3) Atlantic Ocean (4) Mediterranean Sea 19. One important impact of the Mongol expansion across Asia and Europe was the (1) increased authority of the Kievan princes (2) rise in trade along the Silk Roads (3) introduction of Hinduism into Chinese culture (4) maritime exploration of the Arabian seacoast 20. Which political system is best described in the outline below? Base your answers to questions 23 and 24 on the artwork below and on your knowledge of 3
social studies. I. ___________________________ A. Decentralized government B. Based on loyalty and service C. Code of chivalry D. Military elite (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Oligarchy Absolutism Feudalism Democracy Base your answer to question 21 on the graphic organizer below and on your knowledge of social studies. 21. Which item best completes this graphic organizer? (1) Development of the Wheel (2) Preservation of Greek and Roman Culture (3) Creation of the Compass (4) Utilization of Cuneiform 22. After the western Roman Empire fell to Germanic invaders in the 5th century A.D., the eastern part of the empire eventually became known as the (1) Byzantine Empire (2) Carthaginian Empire (3) Islamic Empire (4) Persian Empire Source: Bridging World History, Annenberg Learner from NYS Global History and Geography Regents Exam, January 2013. 23. Which economic system is most closely associated with the activities shown in this artwork? (1) manorialism (2) capitalism (3) communism (4) socialism 24. With which historical setting is this art work most closely associated? (1) Japan—Tokugawa shogunate (2) Middle East—Abbasid dynasty (3) Western Europe—Middle Ages (4) India—Mughal Empire 4
Base your answer to question 25 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . As early as the struggle for the steppe he had spread the claim that Heaven had destined him as ruler; members of Mongol trading caravans spread stories intended to cause panic among the local populace; forged letters were fed to Sultan Muhammad which strengthened his mistrust of his Turkic units; freedom of religion was proclaimed; those who offered no resistance were promised that life and property would be spared; terrible destruction was threatened in the event of resistance; bloody examples were designed to spread fear and reduce the populace’s will to resist. . . . — Paul Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, Blackwell Publishing 25. According to this passage, which Mongol practice contributed greatly to their success? (1) nomadic lifestyle (2) superior horsemanship (3) psychological warfare (4) religious conversion 26. The contributions of the Golden Age of Islamic civilization include (1) advances in mathematics (2) irrigation systems (3) polytheistic beliefs (4) gunpowder and guns 27. Which achievements are most closely associated with the Tang and Song dynasties of China? (1) wheel and stirrup (2) chinampas and calendar (3) gunpowder and movable wooden type (4) mosaics and domes Base your answers to questions 28 and 29 on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: We must fight to keep control of Jerusalem in the hands of those who believe in Allah. Speaker B: Come and battle while there is still time to protect the Holy Land where Christ walked. Speaker C: We must go forth to heal the split between the churches. Speaker D: An investment in ships and knights will yield control of profitable trade routes. 28. Which speaker expresses a Muslim perspective during the Crusades? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D 29. Which speaker is expressing an economic motive for the Crusades? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D 30. Which heading would be best for the partial outline below? I. _____________________________ A. Desire to be released from feudal obligations B. Defense of the Holy Land C. Forgiveness of sins D. Desire for wealth from the Middle East (1) Reasons for the Reformation (2) European Motives for Fighting the Crusades (3) Causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire (4) Reasons for the Split Between the Eastern and Western Churches 5
Base your answer to question 31 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 31. Which area of Europe was least affected by the Black Death? (1) southwestern Europe (2) Mediterranean Coast (3) eastern Europe (4) British Isles 32. What was one direct result of the Crusades? (1) Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East. (2) Islamic kingdoms expanded into Europe. (3) Arabs and Christians divided the city of Jerusalem between them. (4) Alexander the Great became a powerful leader in Eurasia. 33. What was a direct result of the Black Death in Europe? (1) The rate of urbanization increased. (2) A shortage of workers developed. (3) Food crops had to be imported from the Americas. (4) German states dominated trade in the eastern Mediterranean. Base your answer to question 34 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 6
34. The information on this map suggests that the Black Death was primarily spread by the actions of (1) invading armies (2) nomadic peoples (3) merchants (4) explorers • 1340s—Mongols, merchants, and other travelers carried disease along trade routes west of China. • 1346—The plague reached the Black Sea ports of Caffa and Tana. • 1347—Italian merchants fled plague-infected Black Sea ports. • 1348—The plague became an epidemic in most of western Europe. 35. Which conclusion can be made based on these statements? (1) The plague primarily affected China. (2) The interaction of people spread the plague. (3) Port cities were relatively untouched by the plague. (4) The plague started in western Europe. 7