Honors Biology
PROTIST LABTURE
Name ________________
Background Information: There are 4 eukaryotic kingdoms and the Protist Kingdom has been referred to as the ‘junk drawer’
or the ‘leftovers’ of the eukaryotic kingdoms. There is a real smorgasborg of protist characteristics; some protists are unicellular,
some are colonial and some are multicellular with complex tissues and some without complex tissues. Some protists are
phototrophs and some are heterotrophs with a few protists having the ability to switch metabolisms. Some protists locomote
while others are sessile. One definite characteristic all protists is that they are eukaryotes.
Procedure:
1. Draw the protist specimens in lab. Include the total magnification for each diagram under the field of view.There are
helpful resources by the various protist stations. You may also use your chromebook / phone as a reference source.
2. Answer the questions and the flowsheets. You may want to rely on the protist diagrams you drew in lab
Data:
Physarum
9.
What characteristic does the Slime Mold have that makes it fungus-like?
10. What is the habitat of the Physarum?
11. Is the Physarum motile or sessile?
12. What is the trophism of the Physarum?
13. Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s genus
Spirogyra
5.
What structure is spiralled in Spirogyra?
6.
How do Spirogyra reproduce?
7.
What is the growth pattern of Spirogyra?
8.
Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s genus
Volvox
1.
What is the trophism of Volvox?
2.
Are Volvox motile or sessile?
3.
What is the growth pattern of Volvox?
4.
Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s genus
Peridinium
Protist Labture
Chapter #25
14. What is the habitat of Peridinium?
15. Dinoflagellates are associated with the phenomenon of Red Tide. What is Red Tide?
16. What structure anchors the 2 flagella for the Peridinium?
17. The cell wall of the Peridinium is made of cellulose and comes in plates (looks like
armor). To what might its phylum name, Dinoflagellata, translate?
18. Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s genus
Sargassum
19. What is the habitat of Sargassum?
20. What are the functions of the bladders (either called an air bladder or a swom
bladder) that you see?
21. What type of trophism does Sargassum have?
22. Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s genus
Euglena
23. What is the locomotory structure of Euglena?
24. What is the function of the eyespot in the Euglena?
25. What is the relationship between the eyespot and the flagella in the Euglena?
26. Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s genus
Diatoms
Diatoms have been nicknamed “ the algae that live in glass houses”.
27. What does the above statement tell you about the Diatoms’ trophism ?
28. What does the above statement tell you about the Diatoms’ cell wall composition?
Because of the Diatoms’ cell wall composition, Diatoms are put into mild abrasive cleaners such as
toothpaste and can be used as a non-poisonous persticide
29. Choose either the abrasive cleaner or the pesticide and explain how their cell wall contributes to
either cleaning teetb or killing bugs
Diatoms will often store their extra food produced during photosynthesis as oil instead of as starch
30. How does the oil aid in keeping this algae afloat?
31. Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s common name
Trichonympha
Protist Labture
Chapter #25
32. What type of symbiotic relationship does the Trichonympha have with the termite?
33. Could the termite or the Trichonympha live without the other?
34. What is the name of the evolutionary pathway the termite and the Trichonympha most
likely underwent together?
35. Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s genus
Plasmodium
36. What disease is associated with the Plasmodium?
37. What are the major organs or structures in the human body that the
Plasmodium uses to reproduce?
Sessile organisms must rely on vectors (taxi service) to transport them to their host.
38. What is the vector for the Plasmodium?
39. Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s genus
Ameba or Amoeba
40. There are 2 major functions of the pseudopodia of the Ameba. What are they?
41. What is the type of trophism of the the Amoeba?
42. What is the growth pattern of the Ameba?
43. Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s genus
Paramecium
44. What do Paramecia exchange when they undergo conjugation?
45. Is conjugation a type of sexual or asexual reproduction?
Unicellular organisms that are aquatic (like the Paramecium) will need a specialized organelle
called a contractile vacuole
46. What horrible death would the Paramecium face if it did not have a
contractilevacuole?
47. Label the arrow on the Protist Phylogenetic Tree with this Protist’s genus
PROTIST LABTURE
Chapter #25
Protists are a very diverse kingdom,the ‘junk drawer’ of the eukaryotes.Their characteristics are diverse in growth
pattern,trophism, modes of locomotion, habitats and reproduction strategies.
1. Nicknames
Protozoa
3. Possible Modes of Locomotion
Algae
Cilia
Slime Molds
Flagella
2. Possible Growth Pattern
Unicellular
Multicellular (‘seaweed’)
Colonial
Spherical
Filamentous
Pseudopodia
Sessile (without a vector)
Sessile (with a vector)
4. Possible Trophisms
5. Possible Habitats
Heterotroph
Aquatic
Autotroph
Marine
Terrestrial
6. Possible Reproduction Patterns
Fragmentation
Cell Division / Mitosis
Conjugation
Alternation of Generations
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
Protist Labture
Chapter #25
Protist Labture
Chapter #25
Below is a cladogram constructed by the University of California Berkley. The Plant Kingdom, Animal Kingdom and Fungus
Kingdom have not been changed, they are still present. The Protist Kingdom that has been re-organized and re-named into other
possible kingdoms. DNA analysis has shown that protists are extremely diverse and NOT necessarily closely related to each
other just because they are microscopic eukaryotes or macroscopic
protist
protist
protist
protist
protist
protist
protist
protist
protist
Systematics is the science that uses both phylogeny and taxonomy.
1. What is meant by the term phylogeny?
2. What is meant by the term taxonomy?
3. What is meant by the term taxa or taxon?
4. If science does increase the number of kingdoms from 6 (baby bio textbook) to 14 kingdoms (AP Bio), this would be an
example of lumping or splitting. (circle the answer)
5. Which protist group is our ‘cousin’?
6. Which non-protist group is our ‘cousin’?
7. Are we more closely related to our protist cousins or our non-protist cousins?
8. Which protist is more closely related to plants?
In this circular cladogram, Fungi are the newest evolved group.
9. Which group of protists is the oldest?
10. What does the Domain Eukarya emphasize in the above circular cladogram?
PROTIST VENN DIAGRAM
Heterotrophic Protists
Photosynthetic Protists
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
1.
5.
2.
6.
1.
2.
Slime Mold Protists
1.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
Animal-like
Are Eukaryotic
Can locomote by cilia, flagella & pseudopodia in 1 life cycle
Cells Walls
Chlorophyll a and accessory pigments are present
Domain Eukarya
Fungus-like
Growth pattern may be multicellular
Growth pattern tends to be unicellular
Heterotrophic
Nick name is protozoa
Plant-like
Producers for aquatic and marine food webs
Some can reproduce by Alt. of Gen.
POSSIBLE EVOLUTION TIMELINE
Put the letter of the possible evolution event by the arrow on the timeline that
might represent when ….
Chemosynthetic Prokaryotes
Heterotrophic Prokaryotes
Photosynthetic Prokaryotes
Heterotrophic Eukaryotes
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Autogenous Theory occurred
Endosymbiotic Theory occurred
Phagocytosis could have occurred
Aerobic Respiration could have occurred
Division of Labor could have included organs
Anaerobic Respiration could have occurred
An increase in ATP production for the cell
Unicelluar organisms were prevalent
Division of Labor would have relied only on organelles
Photosynthetic Eukaryotes
Colonial Organisms
Multicellular Organisms
Use your phone or chromebook to do a simple research on all of the statements.
List the protist (Genus or species) that is involved in one of the activities mentioned in the statement
STATEMENTS
1. Protists are used as medication
2. Protist are used as food additives
3. Protists are the base of aquatic & marine food chains, food webs and pyramids of ecology
4. Protists can produce bio-fuels
5. Protists are used as water filtration for ecosystems or swimming pools
6. Protists are used in road construction
7. Protists are used as a CO2 sink to help reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide
8. Protists are in abrasive cleaners
9. Protists are used in forensic crime analysis