G.C.S.E. PHYSICAL EDUCATION
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
HEALTH, FITNESS AND
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Booklet 1
Name: ……………………………………………………………
Winterhill Physical Education Department
The relationship between health, fitness and physical activity.
There is no single aspect of human performance that makes up
fitness. The type of fitness required by a weight lifter is totally
different to that required of a marathon runner and their training
programme would be specific to their sport and entirely different to
each others.
So what is ‘Fitness’ all about, and what does it really mean?
FITNESS
Try and think of what makes an individual fit.
Make notes on each component of fitness and add what type of
training will improve this type of fitness.
CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE
SPEED
STRENGTH
MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
FLEXIBILITY
All these components of fitness can be improved by training. So
training to improve fitness is a good way to improve performance.
Questions
1.
What is the difference between cardiovascular endurance and
muscular endurance?
2.
What is another word for endurance?
3.
Define strength (page 77 OCR book)
Obviously, different activities require a different balance of fitness
components.
e.g. gymnastic and dance activities require more flexibility
marathon runners need cardiovascular and muscular endurance
sprinters need speed
wrestlers need strength
As a result it is possible to draw a ‘fitness profile’ for different
types of activity.
Each activity will have high, medium or low requirement levels.
Example of a weight lifters fitness profile
High
X
X
Medium
Low
X
X
Cardio
Vascular Strength Flexibility Speed
Endurance
X
Muscular
Endurance
Complete the three profiles below for a:
a) Marathon runner
b) Gymnast
c) Sprinter
High
Medium
Low
Cardio
Vascular
Endurance
Strength
Flexibility
Speed
Muscular
Endurance
Cardio
Vascular
Endurance
Strength
Flexibility
Speed
Muscular
Endurance
Cardio
Vascular
Endurance
Strength
Flexibility
Speed
Muscular
Endurance
High
Medium
Low
High
Medium
Low
TASKS
Select two activities and list the fitness components that are
important for each one.
As well as being physically fit for an activity, we need to be able to
perform the skills for the activity.
For example in football it is crucial that you can perform skills –
often when tired.
The best players are not just fit enough to perform – they are fit
enough to perform skilfully.
These aspects of fitness are said to be skill related.
SKILL RELATED
COMPONENTS
Complete spider diagram
Write notes on all components
AGILITY
BALANCE
COORDINATION
SPEED OF REACTION
TIMING
What components of skill related fitness do the following sports
performers need to have in order to be successful in their chosen
activity.
ICE SKATER
GOALKEEPER
SPRINTER
QUESTIONS
1.
What is the difference between speed and agility?
2.
Why are skill related fitness components harder to improve?
3.
Think of your main sport and list all the fitness and skill related
components that are used.
DESIGNING A PERSONAL EXERCISE PROGRAMME
When designing a programme for an athlete your training programme
must include a:
Warm up
Conditioning/skill phase
Cool down
From page 106 & 107 of your OCR book, write notes on why a warm
up and cool down is so important.
In the conditioning/skill phase of the training programme, it is
important that you understand the training principles and how to
apply them to a training programme.
TRAINING
PRINCIPLES
Take notes about each training programme and give an example of
how you would implement it in a training programme.
OVERLOAD
SPECIFICITY
PROGRESSION
REVERSIBILITY
PEAKING
So we have looked at the components of fitness and skill related
fitness and how different activities require a different balance.
Also we have now looked at the principles for training – these govern
the acquisition of fitness.
There are now a set of guidelines to ensure the training programme
is successful. They are referred to as the FITT guidelines.
All training programmes must consider and include the following:




F
I
T
T
-
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Again make brief notes on each.
FREQUENCY
INTENSITY
TIME
TYPE
QUESTIONS
Explain how you would apply the principle of overload to an exercise
programme?
Why is progression very important in an exercise programme?
Explain the difference between overload and progression.
ADDITIONAL NOTES
KEY WORDS SECTION
WORD
1)
Cardiovascular Endurance
(Aerobic Fitness)
2) Muscular Endurance
3) Stamina
4) Strength
5) Flexibility/Suppleness
6) Speed
7) General Fitness
8) Explosive Strength (Power)
9) Agility
10) Balance
11) Coordination
12) Fast Reactions
13) Timing
DESCRIPTION
14) Specific Fitness
15) Fitness
16) Overload
17) Progression
18) Specificity
19) Reversibility
20) Fartlek Training
21) Interval training
ADD YOUR OWN KEY WORDS
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
USING THE INTERNET
Below are a number of useful website addresses to help you
research this topic in more detail. (Add on any other sites you find).
www.bbc.co.uk/education/gcsebitesize/physicaleducation
www.sports-injury-clinic.com
www.physicaleducation.co.uk
www.TeachPE.com
www.pe4u.co.uk
www.Teachpe.com
Winterhill Physical Education Department
USING THE INTERNET
Below are a number of useful website addresses to help you
research this topic in more detail. (Add on any other sites you find).
www.gcse.p.e.revision
www.injurytreatment.com.au/
www.nsmi.org.ukj/
www.sportsmassage.ie/
www.Teachpe.com
Winterhill Physical Education Department
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Winterhill Physical Education Department
Winterhill Physical Education Department