Table of Contents
ARMT Content
Standards
Letter to the Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Letter to the Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ARMT Content Standards Correlation Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter 1
Word Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1
Lesson 1 Prefixes, Suffixes, and Root Words . . . . 10
Lesson 2 Compound Words and Syllables . . . . . . 14
Lesson 3 Contractions and Possessives . . . . . . . . 18
1, 1.a, 1.c
1.b, 1.c
1.c
Chapter 1 ARMT Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Chapter 2
Word Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2
Lesson 4 Multiple-Meaning Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Lesson 5 Synonyms and Antonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Lesson 6 Sight Words and Context Clues . . . . . . . 34
2.b, 2.c
2, 2.c
2.a, 2.c
Chapter 2 ARMT Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Chapter 3
Literary Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3, 4
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Fiction and Nonfiction Passages . . . . . . 42
3
Main Idea and Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.a
Author’s Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.b
Story Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4
Compare and Contrast
Story Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.a, 3.c
Literary Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4
Inferences and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . 68
3, 3.e, 3.h, 3.i, 3.k
Story Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.b, 3.e
Ask and Answer Questions . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.j
Sentence Structure and
Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.d, 3.e, 3.f
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Chapter 3 ARMT Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
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Alabama ARMT Coach, Reading, Grade 4
Chapter 4
Informational and Functional Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Book and Passage Features . . . . . . . . . . 94
5.f
Tables, Charts, and Graphs . . . . . . . . . 100
5.f
Order of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
5.a, 5.e
Compare and Contrast Details . . . . . . . 108
5.d, 5.e
Information Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
5.c, 5.h
Predictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
5.g, 5.e
Facts and Opinions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
5, 5.b
Persuasive Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
5.i, 5.j
Locating Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
5
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Chapter 4 ARMT Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
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5
Synonyms and Antonyms
2, 2.c
Getting the Idea
A synonym is a word with the same (or very similar) meaning as another
word .
Sometimes when you write or speak, you may find yourself saying the same
word over and over . You can use synonyms to make your writing more
exciting and fun . Let’s look at some common synonyms in the charts below .
Synonyms (Nouns)
Synonyms (Verbs)
Synonyms (Adjectives)
bucket
pail
slumber
sleep
happy
joyful
shovel
spade
twirl
spin
silent
soundless
canine
dog
yank
pull
quick
speedy
ocean
sea
scream
shriek
damp
moist
The synonyms above are grouped according to their parts of speech:
nouns (people, places, or things), verbs (actions), and adjectives
(descriptions) . Any word might have a synonym, or many synonyms, no
matter what part of speech it is . However, if you are trying to think of a
synonym for a particular word, that synonym should have the same part
of speech as the word you begin with .
An antonym is the opposite of a synonym . Instead of having the same
meaning as another word, an antonym has the opposite meaning .
Difficult and easy are antonyms, for example, as are love and hate . Let’s
look at some other antonyms in the charts below . They are also grouped
by their parts of speech .
Antonyms (Nouns)
Antonyms (Verbs)
Antonyms (Adjectives)
peace
war
arrive
depart
neat
sloppy
night
day
fix
break
bland
spicy
cruelty
kindness
start
stop
rich
poor
friend
enemy
scream
whisper
over
under
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Coached Example
DIRECTIONS
Read the passage and answer the questions.
The older a person gets, the more life experiences he or she will
have. This should teach wisdom. But sadly, for Cinderella, this is not
always true.
Cinderella’s own mother died young, but was loving and wise.
Unlike her mother, Cinderella’s stepmother was cruel and ignorant.
Cinderella’s stepmother made poor Cinderella sleep in the cold
attic while she slept in the warmth under a stack of thick blankets
in a room with a fireplace. Every day, Cinderella had to clean this
fireplace until it was spotlessly clean. She was
always covered with its cinders. This is how she
got her name. Another one of the many jobs
Cinderella had was to neatly make the beds
without any wrinkles. Cinderella’s stepmother
often made Cinderella remake beds, insisting
that they looked sloppy.
Thinking It Through
1. One opposite meaning of wise is —
2. In this passage, sloppy is most like —
A cruel
A neat
B loving
B wrinkled
C ignorant
C dirty
D spotless
D unmade
HINT This question asks for an antonym. A
wise person is smart and knowledgeable.
Look for a word that means the opposite
of those things. Cruel and loving are also
words used to describe the characters,
but they do not really have to do with a
lack of knowledge.
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HINT This question asks for a synonym. The
first choice is an antonym, so it cannot be
correct. The last three choices could all
be considered synonyms of sloppy. But,
one choice is most similar to the way
sloppy is used in the passage. Look back
at the last few sentences.
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Lesson Practice
Coached Reading
DIRECTIONS
As you read the following story, look to the Reading Guide for tips.
Todd’s Toy Store
Characters:
James Todd, the store owner
Bobby, ten-year-old boy shopper
(Mr. Todd stands in front of a television camera
which is shooting an advertisement for his store. His toy
store is shown in the background.)
MR. TODD: Kids, has your skateboard stopped
rolling properly? Do you need more books to read? Well,
then, you need to come to Todd’s Toy Store. Look!
Here’s another shopper now. What’s your name, son?
BOBBY: My name is Bobby.
MR. TODD: It’s nice to see you in our fine store
today. What can we help you with?
BOBBY: I’m here to buy a battery-operated,
remote-controlled airplane with dual wing flaps and an
oscillating tail. Do you have them in stock?
(Mr. Todd looks shocked, and then finally smiles
weakly at the boy.)
MR. TODD: Well… of course we do. Err…we
always have everything you could possibly need.
(Mr. Todd gestures to Bobby to move out of camera
range. Then Mr. Todd nervously looks back at the
camera.)
MR. TODD: Um, see, we have every toy you could
possibly need. Come see us on the corner of Main and
Lincoln. We can’t sell you any toys if you don’t come to
see us!
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Remember to look out for
italic words. They will be
tested by questions later.
The words in parenthesis ( )
explain what is happening.
Can you figure out what
Mr. Todd is doing?
How do you think Mr. Todd
feels after Bobby asks for
the special toy?
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Lesson 5: Synonyms and Antonyms
Independent Practice
DIRECTIONS
Use the story to answer each question.
1. In this story, an advertisement is most like a —
A billboard
B commercial
C flyer
3. In this story, gestures are most like —
A signals
B throws
C shouts
D whispers
D announcement
4. One opposite meaning of sell is —
2. One opposite meaning of shocked is —
A startled
B annoyed
C unconcerned
A use
B purchase
C gain
D trade
D excited
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