Transregional Trade
objectives:
1. chart changes-over-time in the development of
transregional trade routes
2. review, connect & build upon global 9 material
3. take a close look at world geographic regions
guiding questions
How do trade routes develop?
What is transregional trade (t-rt)?
What factors and conditions cause t-rt?
How does trade impact states, societies, the
environment?
Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations
Date Range: ----- to c. 600B.C.E.
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Trade expanded throughout
this period of time from local
to regional and transregional
with civilizations exchanging
goods, cultural ideas, and
technology
Middle East
East Africa
Egypt & Nubia Trade
example: between Egypt & Nubia
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sub-Saharan trade items: ivory, ebony,
precious stones, gold & slaves
cataracts, seas & deserts define the
regional borders
as states grew & competed for land, the
more favorably situated(e.g.had access
to iron) produced surplus food, growing
populations & expanded
other required example: between
Mesopotamia & the Indus Valley
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you also need to know that trade expanded throughout this period from local
to regional and transregional with the exchange of goods, technology & culture
between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley
Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human
Societies
Date Range: c. 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.
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With the organization of
large-scale empires, the
volume of long -distance
trade increased dramatically.
Much of this trade resulted
from the demand for raw
materials and luxury goods.
Land and water routes linked
many regions in of the
Eastern Hemisphere. In the
Americas and Oceania
localized networks appeared.
Trans-Saharan trade
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states:
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Persian Empires (3x)
Qin & Han
Maurya & Gupta
Phoenicians, Greeks,
Hellenism & Roman
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impacts
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disease spreads and
contributes to the fall of both
the Han and Roman Empires
spread of crops: rice & cotton
from South Asia to the Middle
East
spread and development of
religions: Hinduism,
Christianity & Buddhism
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technologies:
 camels
 llamas (The Americas), saddle
& stirrup
 lateen sail
examples:
 Eurasian Silk Roads,
 Trans-Saharan caravan routes,
 Indian Ocean sea lanes
 Mediterranean sea lanes
Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions
Date Range: c. 600 C.E. to c. 1450
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Expansion and intensification
of communication and
exchange networks caused
by innovations in
transportation, state policies
and mercantile practices.
Pastoral groups played key
roles in creating and
sustaining these networks
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luxury goods:
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silk & cotton
spices
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caravanserai
Hanseatic League
gov’t issue coins & paper
money
checks
banks
intensification created powerful
cities:
 Mediterranean:Venice
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gems and metals
porcelain
slaves
innovations in business
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Trans-Saharan: Timbuktu
Indian Ocean Basin : SwahiliCity-states
East Asia: Hangzhou
empires:
 Byzantine
 Chinese Dynasties
 Arab Caliphates
 Mongols
Period 4: Global Interactions
Date Range: c.1450 to c.1750
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The interconnection of
Eastern and Western
hemispheres marked by
transoceanic voyaging
marked a key
transformation of this
period. Increased
globalization facilitated
the spread of religion
and other cultural
elements as well as the
migration of large
numbers of people,
crops and germs.
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columbian exchange
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Cash Crops
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Coerced Labor Systems
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sugar & tobacco
encomienda
chattel slavery
serfdom
epidemic diseases
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small pox, measles,
influenza
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global maritime
reconnaissance & interaction
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Zheng He
Portuguese & Spanish
explorers, conquistadors
joint stock companies