Machinery & Electric Motors is open for business at 844 Lake Street in the 1950’s. Family business This is the story of a family machinery business that rose, boldly to meet unprecedented challenges in an ever-changing industry. C hicago is America’s dream writ large. And it’s written flamboyantly. It has...as they used to whisper about a town’s fast woman...a reputation. It’s an attribute of which the city’s people including the respectable are, we suspect, secretly proud. During the early 20 th century, Harold Goldstein grew up in a Chicago when an industrial base was being built to provide the economic backbone for the city’s future. Heavy industry, warehouses, and railroad yards crowded the banks of the Chicago River. Close by were the working men’s homes, usually frame buildings of one or two stories. In those days, Chicago was different. On a map, the city was but one link in a solid industrial chain that ran north and south along the branches of the Chicago River permeated by the smell of a “rancid, sensual, and strong” scent throughout the area. The smoke belching out of the largest smokestacks all but obscured other dominant structures like the steeples of the various ethnic churches. Chicago was a patchwork quilt of vibrant ethnic neighborhoods that constituted alternative sources for ideas and values beyond the ideological influence of employers and the dominant middle class culture. Every four or five blocks, it was a different ethnic group: Jewish, Pole, Bohemian, Italian, Irish, German. It was a world rift of tremendous power and effects on the lives of these immigrant workers and their families. The obvious determination was to sustain old-world values and customs in the new urban industrial environment. This was the world that Harold Goldstein lived in and it was a kind of Americanization from the bottom up. While clinging to their own cultures, many individuals like Harold found a common ground with the various elements represented in this new, burgeoning industry, and in the process gained a greater degree of control over his own life. Harold’s father, Charlie Goldstein, was in the scrap business, and the name of his company was Charles Goldstein Scrap. Charlie discovered that he could make more money by selling a scrapped machine as a useable machine rather than breaking it up and melting it down. He formed a new company in 1934, Machinery & Electric Motors, and became active in buying and selling toolroom and production equipment. Charley set up shop at 815 West Lake Street in the midst of what would become Chicago’s infamous “Machinery Row.” During the 1930’s, Harold Goldstein had dropped out of his freshman year of high school to help the family business. In the ‘40’s, the Goldstein Harold Goldstein family built a new building at 844 Lake Street, and moved Machinery & Electric Motors to their new location. The Machinery Dealers National Association (MDNA) was formed in 1941, Machinery & Electric Motors and the Adams Machinery Company, were two of the first charter members of the new association. Prior to World War II, Harold was a representative of Lima Drives, which were used in the U.S. to switch over from line shaft equipment to machines with individual drives for changing gears. The Lima Drive was a four speed gear box that would change the motor speed of the machine. In addition to representing Lima Drives, he was also a distributor of new electric motors. This would give Goldstein a very high priority during the war coupled with the fact that he had a wife and two children at home. Family business Harold Goldstein, in the rear right of the picture, with hand against a machine at the Harris Gear Plant (later Massey Ferguson) in Racine, Wisconsin in 1945. (Note the line shafting and belting of a bygone era.) He didn’t go into military service until 1944, and being in his mid-twenties, Harold was older than the 19 year old draftees he was stationed with in the army. Being a businessman, Harold was recruited by the base commander to run his office because of his organizational skills. After the war, the industry was still young and Harold was younger. He had started in the family business, which was very successful, but he was nonetheless restless for something a little different. Harold’s responsibilities were beginning to mount on the home-front as his wife was expecting their third child. He decided to go out on his own. Harold had come up through the Great Depression, some people are more aggressive than others. Goldstein never doubted that anything he intended to do, he could do. His only ambition in life was to be just a little bit better off the next day than he was the day before. And to learn a little more than he did the day before. Harold would always be telling his sons, “You don’t know...what you don’t know.” So he was always reading and studying, Goldstein didn’t even have a high school diploma, but this man earned a degree in survival on the street. This inner intellectual toughness served Harold well, and it acted as a model for his drive and determination. In 1951, Harold was elected chairman of the Chicago MDNAChapter. In the following year, Harold Goldstein and Henry Cohen formed Cadillac Machinery Company Inc., and set up shop at 816 Lake Street. In the beginning, it was a struggle as the used machinery business is a very capital intensive business. Harold had little money and what money he made, he put right back into the business by buying general tool room equipment. They began to specialize in NATCO Drills and probably built a larger inventory of NATCO Drills than all other U.S. dealers combined. NATCO eventually went bankrupt because they built a drill that would last, and thereby, reduced the need to buy new, or you could buy a good used NATCO Drill for half the cost of new. Harold was very bright and ambitious and entrepreneurial. He was swimming in the waters with some of industry’s greatest sharks, and yet there were no tooth marks on him. He was tough and shrewd, and he would go on to survive and endure, creating with his desires and ambitions the modern structure of a machinery company. During World War II, and later the Marshall Plan, many surplus American machine tools had been shipped to Europe on the lend-lease plan for war and the rebuilding efforts afterwards. When the war ended, Great Britain undertook a national, industrialization modernization program by giving British industry tax breaks to dispose of their surplus lend-lease machines from the U.S. This was an enticement for the British buyer to buy new British made machine tools. Harold recognized this large reservoir of U.S. made machine tools as a great buying opportunity. He began to go to Europe on a regular basis in the 1950’s to purchase inventory. As luck would have it, there would be a great demand for larger machine tools in the ‘60’s, as the U.S. entered the space race to try and catch up with the Soviet Union. Previously in this country, there never had been a need for very large machines on the scale that the space program needed, but Europe had them and were willing to part with them. Harold’s introduction to the European dealer would prove to have long-term benefits for him and his company. As the business progressed, Cadillac Machinery soon outgrew the confines of their 25 foot wide by 100 foot long storefront location on Lake Street. Goldstein and Cohen began to rent warehouse space on Chicago’s Kingsbury Street approximately three miles from their Lake Street location. The city and the nation were beginning to change in the early ‘60’s. Speed was of the essence. Everything was being done on a much more accelerated level. Time was money. Family business Although Chicago long had been the nation’s railroad hub, more and more businessmen were flying to get there faster. Machinery dealers were now taking airplanes more than they were riding trains to conduct business. Lake and Clinton Streets with their close proximity to Union Station and the Northwestern Train Station were beginning to lose their relevancy to the market. The ideal industrial community Texas oilman, Clint Murchison, and Chicago hotel magnate, Jay Pritzker, initiated a joint venture in the ‘60’s to form a new concept for industrial America. Murchison, a long time financial backer of Lyndon Baines Johnson’s political career, had entered the East Texas oil fields with no money back in the early 1930’s. Through persistence and grappling for credit to drill, Murchison and his partner, Dudley Golden, cashed out with millions in three short years. Jay Pritzker was a billionaire philanthropist, and founder of the Hyatt Hotel chain. The Pritzker family is one of Chicago’s wealthiest families. The venture envisioned a model community where half of the community would be for workers’ residential homes and the other half would be for industry backing up to Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport. The residents would work in the community’s industrial facilities, and the enclave of industrial businesses would support the community’s tax base. The joint venture partners bought farm land West of the airport and they began to cut streets into it, partitioned lots off, and began to sell it off lot-by-lot. Harold Goldstein and Henry Cohen bought land in what would be known as the Centex Industrial Park in Elk Grove Village, Illinois. Cadillac Machinery built their present-day building and moved to Elk Grove Village in 1967. They were the second machinery dealer to move there (RACO Industrial Corporation now in nearby Des Plaines, was the first to build in Elk Grove Village). Today the Centex Industrial Park is approximately two miles wide and three miles long, and it’s one of the largest industrial parks in the world. Harold was large on the MDNAlandscape. He was contributing more and more of his time battling for an investment tax credit on used machinery. In 1966, he appeared as the MDNAfirst vice president and Government Affairs Committee Chairman, to plead the case for the used machinery industry before the House Ways and Means Committe chaired by the powerful Arkansas Congressman, Wilbur Mills. Also that year, Harold appeared before the Senate Finance Committee on Capital Hill. He presented MDNA’s request for the removal of the $50,000 limitation on used capital property when the seven percent investment credit suspension was to be lifted. In 1967, Harold Goldstein was elected MDNApresident at their 26th annual convention in San Francisco’s Fairmont Hotel and served a one year term. Following Harold’s presidency, the MDNApublished the following tribute in their May 12, 1968 issue of What’s Happening: “The progress made in the 1967-68 year by the MDNAis virtually unparalleled. We cannot begin to enumerate here all the many areas in which we have progressed. This, of course, could not have been accomplished without the leadership and guidance displayed by our President Harold Goldstein. With your help in past years, as well Michael Goldstein as this year, Harold, our association and our industry have profited tremendously. Thank you Harold, for unselfishly giving us of your time and professional know-how.” The MDNAwas entering into a new era of industry leadership, and Harold Goldstein had played an important role in this initiative on behalf of the association. Harold’s oldest son, Michael, enrolled at Michigan State University (MSU) in East Lansing, Michigan, and was majoring in engineering, but graduated in business administration with an accounting major and engineering minor in 1964. Harold Goldstein felt hardship was necessary for life to be good. Harold felt if you didn’t know hardship, you didn’t know when you had it good. Many parents didn’t want their children to go through the same hardships but Harold didn’t look at it that way. He would tell his sons, “This is what you do”, and the boys would do it. He was a firm believer that they had to know things weren’t always that easy, and there was a price you pay for everything. By 1964, 40% of Cadillac Machinery’s business was in gear machinery. Harold wanted Michael to work for a gear shop where he could see gear machines cutting gears, and be in that kind of environment before joining Cadillac Machinery. One of Cadillac Machinery’s good customers, the Steel Products Engineering Company (SPECO), was manufacturing transmissions for Bell Helicopters and radar housing installations for Nike missiles in Springfield, Ohio. At this time, SPECO was owned by Kelsey Hayes, and unbeknownst to the Goldsteins, the U.S. government was gearing up for the Viet Nam War by placing orders for helicopter gunships. Bell Helicopter was extremely busy and couldn’t make them fast enough. SPECO received a directive from corporate headquarters that they wanted a complete inventory of every machine tool they had in the Springfield facilities. Due to the buildup of helicopter orders, the Springfield plant was maxed out in trying to keep up with production schedules. Family business They didn’t want to go through the time-consuming exercise of finding a qualified person to do the inventory. So, immediately upon graduation, Harold had arranged a job for Michael with SPECO in Springfield, Ohio. Michael arrived in Springfield, Ohio, after graduation, and for the next three months pulled a complete inventory of all capital equipment in both SPECO facilities. After completing the inventory, Michael left SPECO in September of 1964, and went back to Chicago to join Cadillac Machinery. Michael had spent his high school and college summers working for Cadillac, and was very familiar with its operating procedures. In 1966, Michael was married to his wife Marsha Feder. In 1971, negotiations were underway between Cadillac Machinery Company Inc. and Daldi Matteucci (DEMM) for the importing and representation of the Italian company’s gear sound testing machines in the United States. Harold was set to go to Italy to wrap up the contractual agreements, but a few days before his departure date, he ended up in the hospital with a broken foot. It fell upon Michael to complete the deal. Harold and Michael held a series of meetings on all the details of the negotiations and the resolutions, for determining the completion of the contract. Michael was off to Milan, Italy, and after three days of negotiating with Daldi Matteucci, it appeared the deal was done. Michael called his Chicago bank to wire transfer funds, and at that time the bank informed him that U.S. President Richard Nixon had just taken the U.S. off the gold standard. It was back to square one and the negotiations started anew. Once the contract had been renegotiated and completed, Michael moved to Bologna to live. He commuted 60 miles one way, every day in a Fiat 124 Spider convertible to work in Daldi Matteucci’s factory at Porretta Terme. The city of Porretta Terme was between Bologna and Florence in the Italian Alps. It was an exhilarating and fulfilling three month experience for Michael that would leave a lasting impressions on him and Cadillac Machinery. The Locator With a family background of being an MDNACharter member, Michael Goldstein became very active in the association as soon as he joined Cadillac Machinery. Michael served in the different chairs of the Chicago Chapter but never served as Chapter Chairman. When Harold Mason of Ball Machinery was the Chicago Chapter Chairman, he wasn’t interested in traveling to Board of Director meetings several times a year, and Michael was asked to be the Chicago Chapter representative in place of their chairman. Like his father, Michael felt a deep, abiding commitment to the MDNA. It’s a commitment born from a charter membership when the MDNA was a fledgling entity, and to his father, who had brought the association scope, imagination, and strength. Michael joined the MDNABoard of Directors in 1968. After joining the MDNABoard, Michael became involved with the Locator, the association’s national advertising directory. The Locator was under the MDNAaffiliate, Machinery Dealers National Information Systems (MDNIS). He was both an MDNIS trustee and on the MDNABoard of Directors for a couple of years, and later was informed that no member could be both an MIS trustee Convention Co-chairwoman Marsha & Co-chairman Michael rarely stood this still during a busy 1991 MDNAConvention. and an MDNAboard member, so he had to make a decision. In effect, he was torn between two equally powerful and conflicting orbits. The Locator was locked in a tough, competitive struggle for advertising listings with two well established used equipment directories: The Surplus Record and the Used Equipment Directory (UED). The publication needed strong stewardship to build its base and become a dominant player in the market. Michael was smart, fresh, and very intuitive, and although there may have been more prestige for you and your company to be a member of the Board, he felt the Locator needed to track its own course, away from some of the already accepted judgments of the day. Michael chose the Locator. It was the right choice. Goldstein was gifted and graceful with the English language, though he had not come up through any of the publishing ranks; he had a special feeling for the profession. He could phrase ideas and feelings well, and loved doing it, as in all endeavors language does matter. He started by going through the different chairs at MDNIS for eight years, and was elected president of MDNIS in 1981 to 1983, and would serve on its Executive Committee for the next 15 years. By being the president of MDNIS, Michael was automatically given a seat on the MDNABoard of Directors. He would continue on the MDNA Board of Directors for another 17 years, and served on the Board’s Executive Committee for 13 of those 17 years. Currently Michael heads up the investment committee for the MDNA’s Austin D. Lucas Scholarship Fund. This is a scholarship fund where member contributions are invested, and the student grants are taken from only the interest so the principal is not touched. It’s available for the children of association member firm employees and not for the members themselves. Family business not only here in this country but from other parts of the world. He began to visualize a magazine that would serve these purposes. Michael had the experience, knowledge, and tenacity to make it happen. In 1984, Goldstein founded “Gear Technology, the Journal of Gear Manufacturing”, to serve their industry. He felt it would be a profitable business and the more he made, the more he plowed back into the business; like his father had done in the machinery business nearly a quarter of a century earlier. It was an instrument to extend the gear industry throughout the U.S. and the world. Today Gear Technology is 17 years old with a circulation of 14,000 units, and paid subscribers in 56 nations worldwide. The publication’s website is geartechnology.com which delivered 110,000 pages last month, and there is another website called powertransmission.com, in which manufacturers advertise gears to sell, delivered 130,000 pages last month. Richard (Dick) Goldstein There is a serendipity effect in business dealings, and this is the best way to describe how Michael became the architect of this country’s leading gear manufacturing publication. By this time, Cadillac Machinery was establishing itself as one of the world’s top used gear machinery dealers. When the MDNIS was looking into buying computerized typesetting for the Locator and they were asking for volunteers, most people looked at the task as an obligation but Michael seized the opportunity to head up a committee to find a typesetter. When the Locator wanted volunteers to buy a main frame computer, once again Michael volunteered for the task. Like his father, he was forcing himself to learn what he didn’t know, and he found it intellectually stimulating. Michael’s predecessor at MDNIS was Karl Stevens, and he would always consult and explain to Michael why he was making his decisions, and asking for Goldstein’s opinions regarding his conclusions. He was not only a good leader, but a mentor. During Stevens’ Locator presidency, his wife became terminally ill, and he asked Michael to take over the MDNIS presidency in his absence so he could be with his wife. During that time, Michael and MDNIS negotiated a new printing contract. He had accumulated a lot of knowledge and became fascinated with the publishing business; it was devotion to every detail in publishing which made him so important in the gear technology business, for he would help determine what the gear industry first read, and then what the readers thought about within the context of their own businesses. Michael Goldstein was always thinking ahead. He was an enterprising, young machinery dealer, always searching for his next big chance. Goldstein had learned first-hand that if his customers were going to grow and prosper; they needed to learn their craft better and faster, and thus, they needed access to this information After his Locator presidency, Michael Goldstein was asked to head up a committee to investigate and set up an electronic communication system for the industry. Along with Norman Gagne, Karl Stevens, and Shelly Berman, they put together idle computer time at McDonald Douglas with a nationwide communications system with entry modules in every major city, and arranged for the building and purchase of dumb terminals. (The personal computer (PC) had not been introduced yet.) The committee produced an informational and training video for operation, manuals, forms, pricing—in effect creating a new product, and the introduction of the Machine Automated Transaction Exchange (MATE) system in May of 1984. This system would evolve into Super Mate, and then into the present-day Super Fax Mate system. At the same time Michael was involved with the Mate system, he was launching Gear Technology’s first issue in June of 1984. The other son, Richard Goldstein, with his Jay Gatsby good looks had taken his time. He was in no hurry. Richard (Dick) Goldstein joined Cadillac Machinery in 1974. Dick received his Masters of Business Administration (MBA) at the prestigious University of Chicago in 1969. Upon graduation, Dick went to work for the American National Bank of Chicago to work as a commercial loan officer, and poured himself into the job learning how money works. After joining Cadillac Machinery, Dick became involved with the MDNAworking his way up to Chairman of the Chicago MDNAChapter in 1993 to 1995. He has been on the MDNABoard of Directors since 1993. With his banking background, Dick was a perfect fit for administration and putting together plant deals for the company. In 1976, he spear-headed a joint venture auctioneering company in England. It was called Industrial Plants Corporation UK Limited, and it was in partnership with Industrial Plants Corporation of New York. The company operated for 10 years, and Dick handled all the financial operations for the auctioneering entity. It was typical of the Goldsteins that they expanded and strengthened their operation first on the business side; the publishing expansion that came later was in reality an inevitable by-product of their business success, the rationale being: we have the money and leverage, why not use it for something. Family business Kash Chadha Dick, while not being the visionary, swashbuckling force his father had been, was a far better and more orderly businessman in the traditional sense, and he slowly brought more order to the family business. If he was not the man to create a business dominion, then he was the man to hold it. A man called Kash Kash Chadha was born in Rawalpindi, India in 1939. Rawalpindi would be the capital city of Pakistan from 1959 to 1969. Kash was a bright, young student who studied mechanical engineering at the Government of India Technical School from 1957 to 1962, and served as a journeyman with the Ministry of Defense, Bombay. From 1962 to 1965, Kash received specialized training in machine tool building with companies such as Waldrich Coburg, Kapp, Deckel, Lasco and Wotan in Germany; Mikron and Bondy S.A. in Switzerland; Csepel in Hungary; and Ribon in Italy. After returning to India, Kash worked one year with Mahindra and Mahindra, and four years as a plant engineer with Tata Engineering and the Locomotive, Bombay: manufacturers of machine tools; Mecedez Benz trucks and buses; and Pawling and Harnischfeger (P&H) earthmoving and farming equipment. Kash worked on the installation, sales, and service of Czechoslovakian gear hobbers, gear shapers, and other European machine tools in Canada from 1970 to 1978. He was the lead man in the rebuilding of machine tools at SKF Ball Bearing Company in Toronto for two years. In 1977, Kash was a service engineer for a Czechoslovakian company called Omnitrade Machinery in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Omnitrade wasn’t selling or servicing machines in the U.S. in 1977. A Chicago-area manufacturer had gone to Eastern Europe and bought one of their machines. After the machine arrived at the manufacturer ’s plant, he needed the machine serviced, and at that time, there was no service backup in the states. The manufacturer went to Omnitrade in Toronto to plead for somebody to service their machine. Finally, the Canadian director of Omnitrade Machinery sent Kash Chadha to Chicago to service the machine. At the time, Cadillac Machinery needed a shop foreman, and they put a classified ad in the Chicago Tribune advertising for one. Kash arrived in Chicago on a Friday, and worked at the Chicago manufacturer ’s plant all day. He needed parts, and they couldn’t be flown in until the following Monday. Kash was sitting in his hotel room reading the Sunday Chicago Tribune, and he spotted Cadillac’s ad. He called Cadillac Machinery and talked to Harold Goldstein. They set up a series of meetings to discuss the details of the foremanship. There was one little hitch, Mrs. Chadha had a few preliminary doubts. She had some of Chicago’s illustrious historical figures in the back of her mind, like Al Capone, Frank Nitti, and Bugs Moran. Harold Goldstein was a marvelous salesman. He knew what he wanted, and he knew what and who he was selling, and he could always put himself in the position of other people. He was sure Cadillac Machinery could help Kash Chadha and his family, and likewise, Kash could help Cadillac Machinery. Harold made himself almost irresistable to the Chadha family, as he ferried them across and around Chicago, giving them the red carpet tour of Harold’s city. During the machine tool depression of 1982, Cadillac had every machine fully reconditioned and ready to ship, but there were no sales. Since his job in the shop was completed, the Goldsteins’brought Kash up to the front office to work the phones. He was so successful at bringing in new business that he never went back to the shop. Kash became an integral part of Cadillac Machinery with his expertise in product knowledge. He speaks fluent German, and has a working knowledge of Spanish, Italian, Hungarian, Czechoslovakian, and Polish, as well as seven Indian dialects. Kash is an associate member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and a senior member of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME). They say it runs in the family, and one constant in the Goldstein family has been their unflagging support and commitment to the MDNA. In 1951, Harold Goldstein was co-chairman of the MDNA Convention for the association’s 10th anniversary at the Drake Hotel in Chicago. Thirty-two years later, Marsha Goldstein and the late Sidney Mandel of the Mandel Machinery Company, chaired the 1983 MDNAConvention at Chicago’s Marriott Hotel. In 1991, Michael and Marsha Goldstein were co-chairman and co-chairwoman of MDNA’s 50th anniversary at the Intercontinental Hotel in Chicago. Ten years later, Michael and Marsha would co-chair the MDNAConvention commemorating the 60 th anniversary of the MDNAwhich was held at Chicago’s Drake Hotel. The family’s list of MDNA awards run from generation-to-generation and brother-to-brother. Harold received the Randolph K. Vinson (formerly Man-of-the-Year) Award in 1971. Family business more industry was moving, and more customer traffic was flying in. The dealers could serve the industry better with larger facilities, large overhead craned buildings, and plenty of free parking. Now, it’s changing again, and the move may be a little longer than from Lake Street to O’Hare. MDNA Director-At-Large Richard Goldstein, accepts the MDNA Darryl D. McEwen Award from then-MDNAExecutive Vice President, Darryl D. McEwen. Harold Goldstein died in August of 1997. Machinery was at the center of his life. He was a man of the metalworking industry, and he had a gift for it, a touch for how to put together a plant deal, to create an instant working relationship with an international source, to explain to elected legislators how to make things work better. He and his friends had a knack for taking disposed equipment or credit risky situations and, by means of marketing leverage, make them profitable, buying at near scrap prices and selling at top prices when the market pendulum swung back their way. And, it always seemed to be swinging back for Harold. He loved the excitement and the laughter and the wheeling and dealing of it. The phone always ringing. Nothing was denied him, and everything was possible. He was there to encourage friends and partners, to allow relationships to grow as quickly as possible with as little interference and debate as possible. He wanted to extend his company’s reach and success. Harold Goldstein seemed perfectly cast for the part. He was successful and smart, and the enthusiasm, indeed the avidity for life, for every phase of it, seemed to jump out from him. He accomplished much and left a proud legacy for his family and company to build on. ■ Michael earned the Earl Elman Distinguished Service Award in 1985. Richard Goldstein received the Darryl D. McEwen Award last year. Cadillac Machinery has been a member of the European Association of Machine Tool Merchants (EAMTM) for 26 years. Michael has been on the EAMTM Council for 11 years, and is the second longest serving council member in the history of the association. Also Cadillac Machinery Company has been a member of the American Gear Manufacturing Association (AGMA) for 14 years, and is the only used machinery company member of the association. The Cadillac Machinery Company began to make adjustments to their business model over the past decade by becoming more pro-active in export sales. They realized that machine tools have become far more productive in the last 10 years, so the manufacturer needs less machines today to produce the same number of goods that he needed to produce in 1990. During the last 20 years, Americans are buying more than they ever have before but they’re not buying U.S. made goods. Michael feels his company and other used machinery dealers have to go where the manufacturing jobs are: Mexico, India, China, Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, Turkey, South America, and Eastern Europe. In some recent years, Cadillac Machinery has done as much as 80% of their annual sales in the export market. Michael envisions marketing the American machine tool industry as a product to the machine tool consuming world. Change is a constant as it was when the storefront machinery dealers began to congregate on Lake and Clinton Streets near Union Station and the Northwestern Train Station. Later, the dealers moved near O’Hare International Airport where Harold Goldstein 1917-1997
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