T H E FO U R M I N U TE ME N O F C H I CAGO BY THE H I S T O RY C OMM I TT E E 5 3 I “ Q L i mi ted Edi tion P rin t ed for S u b scribers ‘‘ ] ‘ 2 7 T his is N um b er 1 91 9 HIS T O R Y C OM M I TT E E F OU R OF T H E C H I C AG O Adams S tree t Chi cago OF 72 West M I N U T E M EN , Km) 90? 19 . We ow th at t his work h a s com e t o i t s concl usion a nd t he n a m e M en h as b eco m e a p a r t o f t he his t or y f th e o f t he F our M i n t gre at w a r I w ld no t willi n gly o mi t m y he a rt fel t t es t i m on y to i t s gre at val e t o t he count ry and i nd ed t o ci v i l i ation a s a W ho l e ” durin g our period of n ation al t ri a l and t riu m ph F o m P r ident Wil o n F a w ll L tt to th Fo M in t M n of A m ri a “ N u e o ou , u e , z , ! . s ’ s re e e er e ur u e e r es e c . C ON T EN T S AGE P T he F our M in T he F ur M in o u te M en o f Am eric a 7 u te M en o f Chic ago 9 F a ct s and F i gures P residen t Wi l son s L ett ers T he P a rt of the F our M inu t e M an I ll us t r at ed S ec ti n T he R os ter Officers T he C mmi tt es S pe ak ers a nd W r k ers P ro m inen t G ues t s H on r a r y M e m b ers R eser v e S p e ak ers F our M inu t e M en in the A r m y or N av y T he T he at res Auxi l i a ry S p e ak ers F r at ern al S ection 20 ’ o o e o o 22 24 F oll owin g p a g e 16 26 26 28 32 39 39 40 42 43 51 5 1 ‘ 58 Church S ec tion 53 T H E F OU R M I N U T E M E N T h e F our M inu te Me n w ere a nation-W id e o rganiza tion of public sp e aker s und er G overnm e nt cont r ol du r ing th e p eriod of Am erica s pa rticip ation in th e W o rld Wa r Al though th e id e a and e a rl y plans fo r th e F ou r M in ut e Me n o riginat e d in C hicago in th e e a rly pa rt o f Ap ril 1 9 1 7 th e wo rk o fficiall y b e cam e a div ision of th e C ommitt ee on P ublic I nfo rmation on Ju ne 1 6 1 9 1 7 wh e n th e national h e adqua rt er s were re mo ve d to W ash ington T h e national o rganization and all its b r anch e s e nd e d official e x ist e nc e on D e ce mber 2 4 1 9 1 8 B e tw ee n th e s e dat es th e F ou r M inut e Me n of Am er ica num b ern about sp e aker s t h r oughout 3 7 sp e a king campaigns d e livere d over sp ee ch e s to audi e nc e s to talling p er sons T he sp ee ch e s were d e livere d almost e x clusive l y in th e moti o n ” “ pictu re th e at re s of th e count ry du ring four minut e int e rmissions T h e wo rk was o r ganiz e d in citi e s and towns includi ng every S tat e in th e Union T h e pa rt of th e wo rk don e b y th e F ou r M inut e Me n o f C hicago is th e sub j e ct and scop e of th e follo wi n g page s ’ . , , , , . , . , , , . . , . . , T H E FO U R M I N UT E M E N O F C H I CAG O C H I C A G O b e longs th e hono r of o riginating th e plan fo r th e nation -Wid e o rganization of public sp e aker s kn own as th e F ou r M inut e Men T o C hicago also f e ll th e tas k of wo rking out many of th e d e tails of local o rganization which aft erwa r ds b e cam e a pa rt of th e standa r d plan fo r oth er c e nt er s th r oughout th e count ry T his histo ry of th e C hicago b ranch of th e F ou r M in ut e Me n is w ritt e n in part as a souve ni r fo r thos e who w ere p rivil e ge d to take pa rt in th e wo rk and in part as a p erman ent re co r d of a t ypical unit of a gre at national o rganization that attain e d fo r its e lf a plac e in th e histo ry of th e U nit e d St at e s and its par t in th e gre at wa r O T . . , . I . E ARLY D AYS . T h e fi r st p eriod of th e H isto ry of th e F our M inut e Me n e x t ends fr om th e inc e ption of th e id e a in C hicago until th e e stabli shm e nt of national h e adqua rt er s in Washingt on T o D onald Ryer son of C hi cago be longs th e nu disput e d titl e of Originato r of th e F ou r M inut e Me n H e was th e fir st to s ee th e t re m e ndous possibiliti e s of a national o rganization of publi c sp e aker s fo r pat riotic x s e rvic e th e fi rst to make an e p er ime ntal fou r minut e sp ee ch in a motion pictu re th e at re and th e fi rst to assum e . , , . , , 9 th e bu r d e n of e stablishing such an o rganization as an inst rume nt of th e G over nm e nt fo r wa r tim e s erv ic e Although th e fo rmal d e cla r ation of a stat e of wa r with G erman y was not mad e until Ap ril 6 1 9 1 7 wh e n C ongre ss m e t in e x t r ao r dina ry s e ssion it was an alm ost universall y acc e pt e d opinion fo r som e tim e p rio r to that dat e that wa r was in ev itabl e D iplomatic relations with G erman y had b ee n s evere d on F e b rua ry 3 rd and th e situ ati on was hourl y gr owing mo re t e ns e D u ring thi s stat e of th e public mind th e u rge nt n ee d fo r mo re ad e quat e milita ry p repare dn e ss was th e on e upp ermost sub e ct of thought and conver sation T h e latt er pa rt of M a rch with wa r coming as a mor al c er taint y found every pat r iotic citiz e n e ager to s ee his p er sonal lin e of dut y and his oppo r tunit y fo r s e rvic e to th e count ry T h e C hamb erlain bill fo r univer sal milita ry t r aining which had b ee n l e ft p e nding wh en C ongre ss adj ourn e d on M ar ch 4th was th e n in high fav o r and s e em e d at that tim e to re p re s e nt th e b e s t udgm e nt of t h nation e j T h e imp erati ve n ee d of ar ousing th e public to an app re ciation of th e t re m e ndous p robl ems inv olve d in p re pa ring fo r wa r was ev id e nt A gr oup of C hicago m e n at th e S addl e C y cl e C lub were e ngage d in an info rmal aft er-dinn er discussion of th e wa r p r osp e ct and th e C hamb erlain bill wh e n th e impo rtanc e of d e velop ing public s e ntim e nt in fa v o r of th e C hamberlain bill b e cam e th e topic T his discussion b r ough t out th e id e a of mak ing b ri e f sp ee ch e s to this e ff e ct b e fo re pictu re audi e nc e s One of th e m e n was D onald M Ryerson to whom th e id e a app e al e d wi th sp e cial fo rc e Anoth er was S e nat o r Me dill M c C orm ick who str ongl y e ndo r s e d th e id e a and did much to st rength e n Mr R yerson s d e t er mination t o make it his wo rk to br ing th e plan into . , , , . , . . , , , . , , . . , . . , . . , ’ . 10 re ality Anoth er with whom th e id e a was discuss e d that eve ning was William M c C orm ick B lai r who p ro mis e d his suppo rt and who aft erwa rds succ ee d ed Mr R yer son as national di re cto r of th e o rganization Anoth er was Ar thu r G C abl e lat er d e co r at e d fo r s ervic e o ver s e as who gave M r Ryer son his imm e diat e and p r actical assistanc e in ge tting th e wo rk start e d T h e fir st fo rm th e id e a took was that of constituting a pat riotic committ ee to s e nd sp e aker s to motion picture th e at re s to u rge upon th e public an app re ciation of th e impo rtanc e of milita ry p re pa re dn e ss as th e n p rov id e d in th e C hamb er lain bill fo r univer sal milita ry t raining Wh en it was found that fou r minut e s was th e limit of av ailabl e tim e fo r sp e a king du ring th e int er mission “ in most motion pictu re th e at re s th e nam e F ou r M inut e ” Me n was adopt e d ca rrying with it also a rem ind er of ” “ th e pat r iotic spi rit of th e M inut e Me n of th e R ev olu tionary W a r Mr R yerson s fi rst move was to s eek th e adv ic e an d e ndo rs e m e nt of re p re s e ntative citiz ens Wh e n h e was assu re d b y all with whom h e consult e d that th e id e a was sound h e mad e a rr ange m e nts with th e S t r and T h e atre of C h icago fo r p ermission to make a t rial fou r-minut e sp ee ch T his was don e on th e eve ning of M ar ch 3 1 . , . , . . , . , . . , , . ’ . . , , , . 1 91 7 . Mr R yer son inv it e d a gr oup of m e n to m ee t fo r lunch e on at th e Univer sit y C lub wh ere h e out lin e d th e n ee d and oppo rtunit y fo r pat riotic s ervic e and th e id e a of th e F ou r M inut e Me n T h e m eeting e nd e d with a p lan of o rganization agree d upon with th e fol lowing o ffic er s : D onald M Ryer son P re sid e nt ! S t e ph e n G a r dn er Tre asu rer ! G e o r ge R J on e s S e cretary ! K e ith J E v ans As sistant S ec reta ry A call fo r v olunt eer sp e aker s was issu e d and som e of thos e p re s e nt w ere e nr olle d fo r th e wo rk A t empo r a ry o ffic e was e s tab On Ap ril 2 , . , , . , . , . , . , . , , . ll at th e University C lub lunch e on m ee tings w ere h e ld alm ost dail y and a committ ee was appoint e d to a rr ange a sch e dul e of fou r minut e talk s at motion pic tur e th e atre s A ft er a numb er of sp ee ch e s had bee n m ad e b y th e F ou r M inut e Me n on b e half of th e C hamberlain bill and aft er wa r had b ee n d e clare d it b e cam e ev id e nt that th e C hamb erlain bill which did not m ee t th e wa r tim e em erg e nc y was to b e d r opp e d and anoth er bill put fo r “ ” wa r d known as th e Universal S e l e ctive S erv ic e and “ ” aft erwa r ds popularl y known as th e D r aft T his mad e it n e c e ssary to chang e th e plan of th e F ou r M inut e Me n T h e nation was now at wa r th e l e ad er ship of th e P re sid e nt und er th e wa r-tim e power s gr ant e d b y th e C onstitution was undisputabl e and th e n ee d of acting only with th e app r o v al of th e G overnm e nt b e cam e a matt er of cou r s e I t was plain that all fu rth er talk on th e C hamb erlain bill would b e out of o r d er ! and until C ongre ss had e nact e d a law o r th e P re sid e nt had out lin e d a polic y fo r civ ilian activ it y it could not b e known wh e th er th e F ou r M inute Me n were h elping o r hind er ing th e plans of th e Go ver nm e nt A m ee ting of th e F ou r M inut e Me n was call e d on Ap r il 9 th and th e situation laid b e fo re th e m I t was th e s ens e of th e m eeting that Mr Ryer son should go to W ashin gt on and la y be fo re th e Governm e nt his plan fo r a nation Wid e o rganization of public sp e aker s und er som e fo rm of G overnm ent cont r ol Acco r dingl y Mr Ryer son w e nt im m e diat e l y to W ashington to s ee what could b e don e On Ap ril 1 4 P re sid e nt Wilson had c re at e d th e C om mi ttee on P ublic I nfo rmation and it at onc e b e cam e appa re nt that if th e F ou r M inut e Me n were to obtain a standing as an age ncy of th e Go vernm e nt it must b e as a di v ision of this C ommitt ee Mr Ryer son int er lish ed , , . , , , , , , , . . , , . , . . , . . . . , , . 12 . v i e we d G e o rge C reel th e n ewl y appoint e d chairman of th e C o mmitt ee on P ub lic I nfo rmation who in tur n s e cure d fo r th e plan th e app r ov al of th e P re sid e nt and o n Ap ril 2 0 Mr Ryer son t e l e gr aph e d to his associat e s in C h icago that h e had wr it te n a rr ange m e nts with Mr C ree l which plac e d th e F our M inut e Me n on an o fficial basis as a di vision of th e C ommitt ee on P ublic I nf or m ation T h e cont r ol of th e o rganization at fir st re main e d ve st e d in th e o riginal com mitt ee in C hicago T h e fir st “ ” subj e ct Univer sal S e l e ctive S erv ic e toge th er with t ypical ar gum e nts to b e adv anc e d b y sp e aker s w ere app rove d in W ashington b y Mr C ree l b e fo re b e ing rel e as e d to th e sp e aker s I t was soon found how ever that th e national h e adqua rt er s fo r th e wo rk m ust b e e stablish e d in Washingt on T his was don e on J un e 1 6 At tha t tim e Mr R yer son who had p rev iousl y re c e ive d a commission in th e N avy and who had s e cu re d a two months l e ave in o r d er to e stablish th e wo rk of th e F ou r M inut e M en relinquish e d cont rol of th e o rganization William M c C orm ick B lair of C hicago was th e n ap point e d N ational D i re cto r of F ou r M inut e Me n and took up his re sid e nc e in W ashin gton T h e re sponsi biliti es of national l e ad er ship although still ve st e d in C hicago m en thus pass e d to Washin gt on and C hicago th ere aft er too k its rank as one of th e local units of th e national o rganization T h e subs e qu e nt histo ry of th e F ou r M inut e Me n of C h icago is that of a unit actin g und er th e g en eral dir c e tion of th e national h e adqua rt er s at W ashington as a division of th e C om mitt ee on P ublic I nfo rmation , , , . . . . , , , . . , , . . . , , ’ , . , , . , , , . , . II . ER I OD TH E P OF S ERV I C E T h e s e cond p eriod of th e histo ry of th e F our M inut e Me n of C h icago dat e s fr om th e re o rganization on J un e 13 1 6, 1 9 1 7 , to th e conclusion of th e wo rk on D e c e mb er T h e C hicago m emb er s w ere o rganiz e d into a local and G e o rge R J on e s was appoint e d C hicago un it C hai rman by th e N ational D i re cto r I n him was ve st e d all autho rit y and re sponsibilit y so fa r as re lations with th e national o r ganization w ere conc er n e d T his was in acco r danc e with th e standa r d plan of th e national o rgan iz ation e ach local chai rman re c e i ving an o fficial appoint m e nt which ca rri e d with it th e compl e t e autho rity me c e s sary to th e conduct of th e wo rk . , . . , . T h e plan of local o rganization worke d out in C hicago in clud e d much that was aft er wa r ds adopt e d b y th e na tional o r ganization as th e stand ar d plan fo r all local chai rm en to follow and also man y f e atu re s that re main e d p eculia r to C hi cago T h e autho rit y ve st e d in th e C hicago C hairman was d e l egat e d b y him to com mittees covering every b r anch of th e wo rk and th e chai r m e n of all commi tt ee s toge th er constitut e d th e C hicago G overm ng C ommitt ee All matt er s of polic y a ff e cting th e wo rk were discuss e d and v ot e d upon by th e C om m ittee although th e pow er of ve to n e c e ssa ril y re main e d with th e chai rman in o rd er to ful fill his p er sonal resp on T his plan gave at onc e th e sibilities to th e G o vernm e nt adv antag e s of c e nt r aliz e d and unqu e stion e d autho rity and th e wisdom and int ere st of a la rg e boa r d ' , . , . , . . One of th e n e c e ssiti e s of th e wo rk was that e ach local uni t should b e financ e d b y local cont ributions p re fer ably fr om a f e w pat riotic p ersons abl e to give ge n erou sly r ath er than b y app e al to th e public I n vi ew o f this plan it was a matt er of gr e at s e rvic e to th e F o u r M inut e Me n of C hicago that S amu e l I nsull aft er wards C hai rman of th e I llinois S tat e C ouncil of D e f ens e gave th e us e of offic e s and e quipm ent in th e E dison building , . , , 14 and lat er s e cu re d fo r th e wo rk th e suppo rt of th e S tat e C ouncil of D e fens e T h e M onda y lunch e on m ee tings which b e gan with th e inc e ption of th e wo rk in C hicago continu e d th r ough out th e e ntire p eriod to b e th e c e nt er and inspi r ation fo r F ou r M inut e Me n and was la rge l y adopt e d in oth er local o rganizations thr oughout th e count ry T h e s e lunch e on m eetings w ere h e ld at fi rst at th e G r and P acific H ot e l but lat er and fo r th e re maind er of th e p eriod at th e M o rrison H ot el T h e p r ogr am usuall y consist e d of on e o r mo re add re ss e s b y sp e akers of not e alwa y s on som e topic of int ere st in conn e ction with th e wa r Op e n m eetings were also h e ld upon occasion giv ing an y m emb er an oppo rtunit y to r ais e an y topic and also giv ing all an oppo rtunity to h e a r rep re sentative fou r minut e sp ee ch e s th e n b e ing d e li vere d b y som e of th e i r f ellow sp e aker s T h e v a rious committ ee s m e t as occasion d emand e d and call e d fo r a gre at amount of har d wo rk and pat T h e s e committ ee s were : riotic sacr ific e of tim e . , , , . . , . , , . , . Chic a go G o v erning Co mmi tt ee Com posed of t he ch a ir m en of all o ther co mmi tt ees A d v ised on all m att ers of pol icy Ad m issions Comm i tt ee P a ssed on the ! u ali fic at ions of a pp lic a n ts for m em b ership A ssi gn m en t Co mmi tt ee A rr anged the schedul e for spe ak ers and the at res S p e aki n g Co mm i tt ee V isi t ed the at res a nd repor t ed on t he wor k of indi v idu al spe ak ers S p e ak ers Conference Co mm i tt ee A ssis t ed indi vidu a l spe ak ers in perfec ti n g their work T he at re Comm itt ee A rr an ged for the c -oper at ion of t he the at res P ro gr a m Co mm i tt ee A rr an ged the pro gr a m s for t he M ond ay l uncheons and o ther m ee tin g s P ub li ci ty Co mm i tt ee R epresen t ed the or g a ni ation in its rel a tions wi th the press L i b ert y L o a n T he atre C mmi ttee A rr a n ged for spe akin g in re gu l a r the at res durin g the L i b er ty L o an dri v es Comm i ttee R ep resen tin g R e gu l a r T he at res Ad v isory . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . z . . o . . . I5 . Co mmi tt ee R epresen tin g M o tion P icture I nd us tr y Advisory P u b lic S choo l Co mm itt ee A rr an ged for spe aki ng at pub lic schoo l s P u b l ic P a rk s Co mmi ttee A rr a n g ed for spe ak in g in p ar k s durin g the su mm er Am usem n t P a rk s Co mmi tt ee A rr a ng ed for spe akin g in am use m en t p a rk s durin g the su mm er Church S ect ion A rr an ged wi t h m inis ters to use th e o ffici a l bu ll e tins for p at rio t ic talk s t o t heir con gre g ations Con v en ti n S ec tion A rr an g ed for spe akin g at va rious co nven t ions b ein g he l d in Chic a go F r at ern al S ection A rr a n ged for spe akin g in va rious secret so c i ti s an d fr a tern a l m ee t in g s L ab or U nion S ec tion A rr a n ged for sp e akin g at l ab or u nion m ee t . . . . . . e . . . . o . . . e e . . ln i g V ’ abash A v enue S ec tion A rr an ged for spe akin g b y colored m en . t o colored a udiences . F o r th e fi r st ye a r aft er th e wo rk b e gan in C h icago Ge o rg e R J on e s was C hicago C hai rman and als o S tat e D ire cto r fo r I llinois B u t th e wo rk of o rganizing th e 43 5 towns in th e S tat e so oft e n re qui re d his abs e nc e f r om th e city and mad e such d emands on his tim e that Mr J on e s finally re linquish e d th e active sup erv ision of th e C hicago b r anch although continuing to s erve as a m e m ber of th e G o verning C ommitt ee H e was succ ee d e d by E rn e st P alm er who was appoint e d C hicago C hai rman on M a rch 2 5 1 9 1 8 T h r oughout th e remaind er of th e wa r p er iod Mr P alm er was th e conspicuous and dom inant figure of th e o rganization and th e wo rk in C hicago owe d much of its spir it and succ e ss to his e x c e ptional abilit y and unfailing ge nialit y T h e topics fo r sp e aking w ere gover ne d b y B ull etins s e nt out fr om national h e adqua rt er s fi xing th e p er iod of th e i r us e and p r o viding a budge t of facts and typical a rgum e nts to assist sp e aker s in p re pa ring th e i r sp ee ch e s T hi rt y s eve n of th e s e bull e t ins w ere issu e d e ach usually re p re s enting a n e w subje ct although som e subj e cts re qui re d two o r mo re b u ll e tins T h e s e bulle tins w ere . . . , . , . , . , . . , , . 16 FO UR M I N I ITIi MA N s CO M M I TTEE ON PU BLI C I N FO RM A TI ON !Du ri ng$2M “ / ) 0 f9/ 7 I 9/8 - Conu nn : ON pub LlC IN FORMATI ON C HA I R M AN T YP I C A L C E RT I F I CA T E OF H O N O R C ER T I FI CA T E S I SS U E D T O T HE A T RE S A ND T O T H E F R A T ER N A L C H U R C H A N D L A B O R S E CT I O N S , M N AT ION A L ‘ lle I d ” H E A DQ U A R T E R S AT W A S H I N GTO N IN O FF I C E C H I C A G O C H I C A G O C H A I R M A N S O FF I C E MA , ’ MI N UTE MEN IC A G O O F C H Er ne s t p a lm e r . A t t h e f i n l l un ch e on o f h Ch i c g o Fou r Mi nu t th e S i x t e e n th M n h el d t t h e H r r i son Ho t e l on H nd y Ni n e t e e n Hund re d nd E i g h t e e n re so l D y o f D c mb e r t i on w un n i mou s l y do p t e d i n t t i ng t h und e r s i gn e d c ommi t t ee t o re co r d i n p e m n e n t f o nn th e pp re c i t i on o f t h e Fo r Mi nu t e M n o f Ch i c g o f th e s p l e ndi d wo rk don e by y th e i r Ch i nn n Up on i t e n t r n c e i n t o t h g r t w ou r coun t ry w c on f ron t e d wi t h th e p r b l e m o f c omb t i n g t h i ns i d i ou s p ro p g n d wi t h wh i ch Ge m ny w t h an t t emp t i n g t o p o i son ou r sou r c e o f i n f o m t i on nd co mmun i c t i on You we re Ch i m n f on e f t h e mo s t c l l e d u p on t o t k e ch r g e i mp o r t n t u n i t s o f n t i on l o r g 'n i z t i on wh o s e p n ib t o nu l l i fy t h e e n emy s p r o p g nd nd k ee p t h i l i ty i t w p e o p l e o f Ame r i c n i n f o rme d f t h i d l f ou r coun t ry i n t h e w nd mo r l l y p l e d g d t o i t p r o s cu t i on t o su cc e s s f l i s su e You h ve p e r f o m d th e du t i e s o f y ou r o ff i c wi t h un t i ri n g e ff o r t s nd un s l f i sh d ev o t i on Th rou gh y ou r p e r n l i ty y ou r b i l i t y p re i di n g o f f i c e r nd y ou r sound Ju d gme n t i n x cu t i ve m t t e r s y ou h ve k e p t h i gh t h e i d e l s o f t h e Fou r K i n t M n nd b r ou gh t th e o r g n i t i on i n t o g re t re p u t e i n nd b ey ond t h co mmun i t y Th r ou gh y ou t h e wo r k o f t h e Fou r Mi nu t e M n i n Ch i c o h b ee n c r o wn e d wi th su cc e s s Th e re f o re th e Fou r Mi nu t e M n xp r s s f Ch i c g o t o y ou t h e i r pp re c i t i on o f y ou r r m rk b l y u cc s s f u l wo rk Ch i c g o Ch i m n ! t h e i r e s t e m nd ff e c t i on t re g r d f o r y ou ! t h e i r re g re t th t wi t h t h e t e mi n t i on o f t h e ti i ti o f t h e F Hi n t M n t h e s so c i t i on wh i ch t h ey h ve h d wi t h y ou m t c e ! t h e i r h o p e th t t h e u t r m y o ff e r m ny o pp o rt u ni t i e s f o r o t h e r p l e s n t re l t i ons wi t h y nd t h e i r wi s h t h t t h e y e r s t o c ome m h o ! ld y f y ou h pp y memo r i e o f t h e Fou r Mi nu t M n t a e a , a e a e a u as a ' or a ea e a a r a a a a a as a as , a a a a r o ar a u a res a a s o ea e e o a a o . , as a e a a a ar a o r a . as s u e a a a a , a e a , ru c s s a e a , r ou a o a as a e a a e e s s o a . a a a so s a e u a . as e e e e a , e r e a , a , a a za a a e . e ag as . a a as a a r e a e e o a a a a es ' ou r a e a a a f a a a u e ' a s Fo r ac a a a a a a ou e a r e e e a as e us a or u e s a a v a e t h e Ch i c g o Fou r a e . E i nu t e Me n , mmi t t e e o . F A C S I M I LE O F A T E S T I MO NI A L T O T HE C H I CA G O C H A I R M A N D ec Mond ay L un ch eon in th e B all R oom o f th e Morrison H o t el Guest o f h onor Capt P a ul Pe ri g ord s p e c i a l re p resentat ive o f th e F ren ch G overn men t F ebru a ry 5 1 9 1 8 Get-To g eth er D inner at th e S t evens B uildin g Caf e Gues t o f h onor D on ald M Ryerson F ounder o f th e F ou r Minut e Men M ay 6 1 9 1 8 Get-To ge th er D inn er at th e Midd ay C lub M ay 2 9 1 9 1 8 L un ch eon in h onor o f 1 03 F ren ch “ ” B lue D evils in th e ball room o f th e Morrison H ot el whi ch wa s su pp lem ent ed by an a ut om obile d rive throu gh th e city and a re c e ption t o th e p ubli c at th e Audit o rium in th e evenin g under th e aus p i ces o f th e F ou r Minut e Men N ovem ber 1 1 1 91 8 Arm is t ic e C elebrat ion L unch Gues t of h onor H on W il eon at th e Mor rison H o t el li am H o wa rd T aft S on gs for th e o cca sion by th e L i bert y Ch orus N ovem ber 2 2 1 9 1 8 Vi ct ory D inn er in th e ba ll ro om o f th e H o t el L a S a lle A fest iv al o cca sion desi gned t o m a rk th e o ffici al c lose o f th e w ork alth ou gh s p e akin g a ssi gnm ent s c ont inued un t il D e c em ber 2 4 Gues t o f h onor W m H I n gersoll N ationa l D irect or o f th e F ou r Minut e Men D ec em ber 1 6 1 9 1 9 Fin al Mond ay L unch eon F are well a ddress by S am uel I nsull Chairm an o f th e St ate C oun c il o f D e fense . 2 4, 1 9 1 7 . . , . . , . , . . , . , . . , , . . , . , . , . . , . , . , . , . . , . . , . , . 18 P ER M A NEN T OR GA N I ZA T I ON A R esolut ion wa s pa ssed at th e Vi ct ory D inner at H o t el La s alle N ovem ber 2 2 1 9 1 8 p rovidin g f or a p erm anen t organiz ation o f th e F our Minut e Men o f Chi cago a s a n h onor a ry body t o p erp e tu at e th e f riend s h i p s f orm ed dur in g th e p eriod o f se rvi c e T h e incu m ben t officers w ere ch osen t o c ont inue th e org an i z ation t o whi ch w ere s p e ci ally a dded th e n am es o f D on ald M R yerson W illi am M c C ormick B l air and G eorge R J ones T h e Ch i ca go G ove rning C omm itt ee wi th E rnes t P al m er Chai rm a n acc e pt ed th eir fur th er re sp onsibilities under th e resolu t ion and ele ct ed t o th eir num be r th ose wh o in th e pa s t ha d se rved a s m em bers o f this c om m i tt ee It wa s th e sent im ent o f th e m em bers p resen t at th e Vi ct ory D inner that an a nnu al reunion dinner s h ould be p rovided f or th e m att er bein g le ft in th e hands o f th e G overning C om mi tt ee , , , , . , . . , , , . , , , . , . 19 F AC T S AND F IGURE S F OUR MIN UTE ME N OF CHICAGO Nu mber o f s p e ak ers enro lled Wo rk e rs wh o served on Go verning C o mmi ttee To ta l w ork ers on C omm i tt ees T h e at res c oop erat in g Mem bers wh o se rved in Ar m y or N avy Killed in Act ion S p e ak e rs in th e Fra t ern al S ect ion S p e ak ers in th e Labor S ec t ion S p e ak e rs in th e Ch urch S e ct ion R ese rve S p e ak ers N um ber o f s p e aking cam pa i gns N umbe r o f s p ee ch es m a de in Chi c ag o Total o f a udienc es re ach ed es t im a ted Mond ay lun ch eon m eetings S ta nd ing C ommi ttees . 45 1 48 120 3 14 50 3 35 0 70 490 44: 37 , 20 8 4: 20 ’ P RE S ID EN T W IL S O N S L E TT ER S T O T H E F O UR M I N U T E M E N . I . T h e W hi t e H ouse W a s hin gt on N ovem ber 9, 1 9 1 7 , o T o th e Fif U nited S tates : teen T h us and Fo u r-M inu te M en . th e of M ay I no t ex p ress m y very re a l int eres t in th e vi g or ous a nd int elli g ent w ork your org ani zat ion is doin g in ? m bl o nne ct ion w i th th e C o m i tt ee on P u i I n f or at ion m c c It is surely a m att er w orthy o f sinc ere app re c i ation th at a body o f th oughtful c i t izens wi th th e h e arty c oo p era t ion o f th e m an agers o f m ovin g p i ct ure th e at res are enga ged in th e p rese nta t ion and dis c ussion o f th e p u r p oses and m e a sures o f th ese c ri ti cal d ays Men a nd n at ions a re at th eir w ors t or at th eir bes t in a ny gre at s t ruggle T h e s p ok en w ord m ay light th e fir es o f p a ssion a nd unr e as on or i t m ay in s p ire t o hi gh es t act ion a nd nobles t s acri fic e a n ation o f f reem en Up on y o u F our Minut e Men wh o a re cha rg ed with a s p e c i al dut y a nd enj oy a s p e c i a l p rivile ge in th e c omm and o f you r a udien c es will res t in a c onsider able de g ree th e ta s k o f arousin g a nd in formin g th e gre at body o f our p eo p le so that wh en th e re c ord o f th ese d ays is c om p let e w e s ha ll re a d pag e for page wi th th e deeds o f a rm y and navy th e s t ory o f th e un i t y th e s p iri t o f s ac rific e th e un c e a sin g l abo rs th e hi gh c oura ge o f th e m en and wom en at h om e wh o h old unbrok en th e inner lines My bes t wis h es a nd cont inui ng int eres t a re wi th you in you r w ork a s part o f th e reserve offic er c o rp s in a n ation th ri ce arm ed because th rough your e ff o rt s i t kn o w s be tt er th e us t i c e o f i t s ca use a nd th e v a lue o f what i t de f ends j C ordi a lly and sin c erely yours W oonaow WILSON , , . . . , , , , , , . . , . 22 II ’ . T h e W hi t e H ouse Wa s hingt on N ovem ber , T o A ll th e Fo u r M inu te M en P u blic I nfo rm ation : of 2 0, 1 9 1 8 o th e C m mittee . on I have re a d wi th re al int eres t th e re p ort o f your activi ties and I wis h t o ex p ress m y sin c ere app re c i at ion o f th e v alue t o th e G overnm ent o f your e ff e ct ive and in s p irin g e ff o rt s It is a rem a rk able re cord o f pat riot i c acc om p lis hm en t that a n organiz at ion o f seventy -five th ous and sp e ak ers s h ould have carried on so e xt ensive a work at a c os t t o th e G overnm ent o f li ttle m ore than one h undred th ous a nd doll a rs f or th e ei ght een-m onth p eriod less tha n one doll ar ye a rly on a n in dividua l ba sis E ach m em ber o f your organiz ation in re c eivin g h onor a ble dis charge f rom th e servi c e m ay jus t ly f eel a glo w o f p ro p er p ride in th e part that h e ha s p l ayed in h oldin g fa s t th e inn er lines M ay I s ay that I p erson ally have always tak en th e dee p es t and m os t sym path e ti c int eres t in your w ork a nd have no t ed from t im e t o t im e th e e x c ellent result s you have p ro c ured for th e v a riou s D e n s r a t o f th e G overn m en t N o w that th is w or ha s t m e k p c om e t o i t s c on c lusion and th e n am e o f th e F our Minut e Men (whi ch I ven ture t o h o p e will no t be used h ence f orth by any sim il ar org aniz ation ) has be c o m e a part o f th e h ist ory o f th e gre at wa r I w ould no t willingly o mit m y h e a rtfelt t es tim ony t o it s gre at v a lue t o th e c oun t ry and indeed t o c iviliz at ion a s a wh ole durin g our p eriod o f n at ion a l t ri al and t rium ph I s hall al ways k ee p in m em ory th e pat riot i c c oo p er at ion and a ssis ta n c e acc orded m e th rou gh out th is p e riod and s hall rem ain dee p ly and sin c erely gr at e ful t o all wh o li k e you rselves have a ided so nobly in th e ach ievem ent o f our a i m s C ordi ally and sin cerely yours W oonnow WILSON , . ! . , , . , , , , , . , , , . , , . , . 23 TH E P A R T OF TH E F O UR M I N UT E MAN I am a F our-M inu te M a n I am the M outh p iece o f De m ocr a cy I m ak e m en TH I N K I wield the m os t p o t en t p ower o f H um a n E nde av or TH E SP O K E N WO R D T he Blind do no t re a d t he Ignor an t c a nno t re a d the Dull a rd will no t re a d b u t ALL M E N m us t h a rk en t o m y m ess a ge M y app e a l is uni v ers al elem ent a l p ri m i ti v e I wa s a R ov ing S he p herd I c a me b a ck t o m y t ri b e and told o f a F a r C oun t ry green wi th pa s tures M y m ess a ge re a ched Ab r a h am H e led his t ri b e f ort h a nd f ounded a gre a t p eo ple Isr a el A gain I wa s a N o m a d S l a v e I re turned t o m y p eo p le gro aning under the f ett ers o f P h a r a oh and told o f a b e a uti ful l a nd b ey ond t he desert M y tidings c a me t o the e a rs o f M oses a nd he led his C hosen P eo ple to the P rom ised L a nd A gain I w a s a Wa ndering M onk T o the H igh and Low I b rough t the tale o f t he H oly L a nd su ff ering under M osle m opp es sion M y app e a l ins p ired t he G re a t C rus a de A ga in I w a s a Wa y fa ring M a ri n er s p re a ding s t r ange rum ors o f un k nown l a nds be y ond the se a s C olum b us he a rd m y m ess a ge se t s a il and disco v ered a N ew World T hus i t is t h at t he des tinies o f H um a ni ty h a v e b een sw ay ed and direct ed by the S P O K E N WO R D T od a y my app e a l is m ore com p elling m ore p ot en t m ore uni v ers al th a n ev er I am a S tok er for the G re a t M el ting P o t In f our minu tes I b re athe the fl a m e o f t rue Am eric an P a t rio tis m t o p eop le o f a ll kinds and creeds I a m a S oldi er I figh t G er m an p ro pa ga nd a int rigue fa lsehoods t re a chery I a m a T ea cher I se t f ort h in 2 40 seconds lessons in l o y al ty du ty t hri f t conserv a tion co-o p er ation . . . ! . ! ! ! . ! ! . . . . , ! . . , , , . . . , , r , . . , , , . . , . ! ! , . . , . . , , , . . , , , , . 24 , RO S T E R ( S tat us at th e c lose o f th e work ) . O FF I C ER S E RNEST PALME R Cha irm a n JAM ES C JE FFE RY Vi c e-Chairm an H EN RY G M ILLE R Vi c e -Chairm a n WILLIAM S E LLIOTT T reasurer JOSE P H A R USHTON S e cre tary , . , . , . , . , P as t Ofli cers GEO RGE R JONES Chairm an S TE P HEN GARDNE R Tre a surer F REDE R IC ULL MANN S e c retary K EITH J E VANS S e c reta ry H EN RY C C HANDLE R S e c reta ry L OUIS W M A C K S e c reta ry NATHANIEL S EE FU RT H A ssis ta n t S e c reta ry . , , ’ , . , . . , , , 26 CHIC A G O G O V ERN I N G C O MM I T T EE E RNEST PALME R Ch i cago Chairm a n , H EN RY G M ILLE R N ATHAN A SCHE R C bai m an V i WILLIAM E H EANEY WILLIAM S E LLIOTT JOSE P H H O PP Tr e as u re r M AX H Y MAN JOSE P H A R USHTON p E TE R J S CHAE FFE R S e c re ta ry R ep rese n ting M otion P ictu re I nd us t r y JAMES C JE FFE RY Ch a irm an A dm is sio n s C mmittee GEO RGE R FOLDS ar k C h a i P u l ic P “ m b F REDE RICK F N OR C ROSS ? c mm tt V ice Ch a irm a n A dmi ss ions C ommittee H E RBE RT J F R IEDMAN C h a ir m a n Publi c S ch ool s L LOYD C WHI T MAN C mm tt Ch airm an Amusem e nt P a rks S ectio n H ARRY J PO WE RS H ARRY J D U N BA U G H H ABB Y J R m m g s Ch airm a n A Bnm nt COmm tt R ep rese nting R e gul ar The at re s GOD F REY H ATKIN JOHN J PECKHAM Ch a rm a n Ch m h S a n Ch airm an S p eake rs C onf ere nce R E PATTISON K LINE WILLIAM A D URGIN Ch airm a n conventions S ection Ch aM an S p e aki n g Commi tt ee E A AB B OTT GEOR GE R JONES Ch a irm a n F r ater n al S ec tion s t at e Ch a irm a n JOHN H C LAYTON D ONALD M WOOD Ch airm an Labor Unio n S cuon Ch airm a n Th e atre Committee J W PALME R H EN RY P C HANDLE R Ch a irm an P ro gr am Commi tt ee Ch a i rm an C lore d S ectio n JOHN L L OVE TT WALDO P WARREN Ch airm a n Publici ty Committee H is tori a n . , , ce' . . , , , ’ . , . . , , o . ’ s . , o ee , . , , . , o l ec . , ' . , SSI , . i . , ec e , ee l e ’ , . o ’ , . , . , , , . . , . . , , . , e , . . . , . , , , o , . , . , , , P as t M em bers D ONALD M R YE R SON S OLOMON H C LAR K W R D ICKINSON K EITH J E VAN S S TE P HEN GARDNE R C H G H E I N FE LDE N R OGE R B H ULL T HOMAS J M EEK BE RT RAM G NELS ON . . . . . . . . . . . of G overning C om mittee M O R TIME R M NE W F IELD WILLIAM G S AGE AN D RE W R S HE RI FF O SCAR D S EA VE R F REDE R IC ULL MANN L OUIS W M ACK A C LEMENT WILD J O HN P WILSON JR NATHANIEL S EE FU RT H . . . . . . . 27 , . AD M I S S I O N C O MM I TT EE JAMES C LAR KE JE FFE RY Chai rm a n F REDE R ICK F N O R C ROSS Vi c e Chairm an , . , H EN RY G M ILLE R H EN RY P C HANDLE R R OLLO L LY MAN WILLIAM A D U RGIN C HARLES O R UNDALL WILLIAM S E LLIOTT JOSE P H H O P P AR CHI BALD C ATTELL H EN RY H O RNE R GLEN A BISHO P . . . . . . . AM U S E M E N T P AR K S C O MM I TT E E L LOYD C WHI T M AN Chairm an . , RAYMOND C C OOK J W PALME R J Q STE P HENS . . . . . AS S I G N M E N T C O MM I TT E E H ARRY J D U N RA U G H Cha irm an . , J W PALME R W W R o ss GRANT G O RDON WALTE R A M U R P H Y . . . . . f C o m mittee WILLIAM A D U R GIN E D GA R B E LDE R WILLIA M O F REEMAN P as t M em bers o . . . CHUR CH SE C T I ON GOD F REY H ATKIN Cha irm an . , JUDG E JOHN P M C G OORT Y . 28 : M O RRIS L JOHNSTON . P U B LIC S CH OO L C O MM I TT EE H E RBE R T J F R IEDMAN Chairm an WASHIN GTON FLEXNE R WILLIAM S HEL BY REED . , P as t M em ber of C om mittee R OLLO L LY MAN . P U B LIC P AR K S C O MM I TT EE GEORGE R FOLDS Cha irm an L IONEL T HOM P KINS C HARLES ALLIN G . , P as t M em ber C ommittee of AN DRE W R S HE R I FF Chairm a n . , S P E A K I N G C O MM I T T E E WILLIAM A D U RGIN Chai rm an JOHN J PECKHAM DR M L AREN H H BATCHELLE R G M PE TE RS JOHN R BENTLEY W R PINC KA RD H E S MOOT C HARLES B BLAC K J Q S TE P HENS J H C AME RO N W G D OOLEY W S UNDE RW OOD I GNATIUS WALSH C ARLISLE D U RFEE GEOR GE H UNT J J FO RSTALL GEOR GE R JONES O M FOX E x oificio E J G OODS P EED E RNEST PALME R GRANT G O RDON E x officio JOHN J H ENNESS Y JAMES C L AR KE JE FFE RY E L JOHNSON E x oificio B C L INGLE R OLLO L LYM AN . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . , . . T H E A T RE C O MM I TT E E D ONALD M WOOD Cha irm a n JOHN J C LEA RY C HARLES R B IXB Y F H E L W E RT C HARLES H E LDRE GE . , . . . . 29 . C ON V E N T I ON S E C T I O N R E P K LINE Cha irm a n G M PETE R S JOHN S L O RD . . . . , . . P as t M em ber of C om mittee C H G H E I N FE LDEN . . . F R A T ER N AL S E C T I ON E A ABB OTT Chairm a n WILLIAM A S TILES C G WHI PP LE . . , . . P ast M em bers of . C o m mittee M O RTIME R M N E W F IELD BU RRELL J CRAME R GEO RGE W M A N I E RRE . . . L AB OR U N I O N S E C T I ON JOHN H C LAY TON Cha irm a n H O PE T HOM P SON E D WA RD O GRAD Y BEN J AMIN BUSCH GEO RGE FOLDS JOHN R BENTLEY . , ’ . AS S O CI A T E M E M B ER S RE P RE S E N T I N G CHIC A G O L AB OR U N I ON S JOHN FITZ PAT R ICK V ICTO R O LAN DE R S IMON O D ONNELL ’ P RO GR AM C O MM I TT EE J W PA LME R Chairm an JOHN H C LAYTON C HARLES A BARRY J Q S TE P HENS . . , . . . . P as t M em bers p F REDE RIC ULLMAN N 30 f C o m mittee A C WILD . . P U B LI CI T Y C O MM I TT EE JOHN L L OVETT Cha irm a n GEORGE M O RRIS H UGH M AX WELL BEN KENDALL F RAN K H ONEY WELL C HESTE R K EEL WALLACE S MITH . , P as t M em ber o f C om mittee F REDE R IC ULLMAN N S P E A K ER S C O N F ERE N C E C O MM I TT E E JOHN J PECKHAM Chairm a n LY MAN BE RT RAM G NELSON R E PATTISON K LINE . R OLLO L . , . . . LI B ER T Y L O A N T H E A T RE C O MM I TT EE H EN RY G M ILLE R Cha irm an WALTE R D H E RR ICK G U Y M PETE RS JAM ES C LAR KE JE FFE RY H ARRY J R IDINGS C ARL R L ATHAM H ARRY J POWE RS M O RTIM E R M N E W F IELD PETE R J S CHAE FE R . , . . . . . . . RE P RE S EN T I N G M O T I O N P IC T URE I NDU S T R Y NATHAN A SCHE R WILLIAM E H EANEY JOSE P H H O P P M A X H YMAN . RE P RE S EN T I N G RE GUL AR T H E AT RE S H A RRY J R IDIN GS H A RRY J PO WE R S . . HI S T OR Y C O MM I T T E E G eorg e R J ones Chairm an W aldo P Wa rren I I istorian . , . , Geo rge R F olds R ollo . 31 L . L ym a n F O UR M I N U T E M E N OF CHI C A GO S PEA KE RS AB B OTT E A A IKIN E D WARD J AL DEN F R ANK A ALESHI RE O E AL EXANDE R A M ALLAN W A D ALLEN W A ANDE R SON D ANIEL AREN DR M L A RNOLD E UGENE P A RTHU R WILLIAM H ARVEY JACO B M ATKIN GO D FREY H AT WILL A T AS CHE R N ATHAN AVE RY C HARLES P BACK L LOYD E B A DEN A U X R AL P H G BADENOCH BEN H BALD W IN F RANCIS E BARNES D E BA RRY C HARLES A BAR TON L ESTE R C BASKIN BARRON H BASSETT F P BATCHELLE R H EN RY H BECK N O RMAN A BECK W ITH E D W IN B BELL WILLIAM A BENTLEY JOHN R BE RNHARD E DGAR B I EN EM AN W C . , H ARRY B ISHO P GLENN A B IXB Y C HA RLES R BLACK C HARLES B BLA K E R E V JAMES V BLATCH F O RD N A T H JR BLOCK L OUIS I B L U I M H EN RY L BOOTH S HE R MAN M . , . . , . . . . , . , . , . , . , , , . . . , , . , . . . , . , . . . , . , . , . , . . , . , . . , . . , . . , . , . , . , . . , . , . , . , BOUS F IELD DR M I DIAN O B RAE SE O C B RECKEN R IDGE WILLIAM B RI LE JOHN J B RODMAN H C B ROD F UEH RE R O M B RUGH R E V AVE RY B RYANT JOHN M B RYDGES DR J C BUDD GEORGE H BULL FOLLETT W BU R KHAL TE R R O BE RT P BU RTON O WEN AB B OTT C ALLIS H EN RY A C AME RON JOHN H C ANAVAN WILLIAM H C A RN A H A M C HARLES C C ARP ENTE R A R THU R H C ARPEN TE R JOHN C C ASE WILLI AM W C ATTELL AR CHI B ALD CE RvE N K A JE ROME J , , , . , . . , . B OS K I E , B H . , , . . . , . , , . , . , . , . , . . , . . . . , , , . , . . , . , . . , , , . , W O R KE RS B I E RM A . , AN D . , . , . , . , . , , , 32 . . GI FF O RD R H G ODE H N PAUL M G OLMAN ALEX M GO ODS P EED E DGA R J GOOD W IN JUDGE C N GO RB Y C A P T JOHN W G ORDON GRANT GO RDON L ESTE R B GO RDON S PENCE GRAY VANDO RP G E OFF JAM ES O G UE RIN H ON H EN RY G UE R IN M AR K E G U RT L E R F REDE R ICK H G USTAF SON JOHN C G UTKNECHT JOHN H ALLEN B ECK F RANK M H ANK JACO B J H ANKS H O WARD H H AR MON H ARRY H A RRIS F RANK F H A W X H U RST R R H AZEL PAUL M H EALY F RAN CIS V H E I N FE L DE N C H G H ENKE H E H ENDE RSON D M H ENDE RSON J C HENNESSY JOHN J HE RBE RT JOSE P H D H E RR ICK WALTE R D H ETH L LOYD D AVID H EYMAN ALEXANDE R H H ILL S AMUEL A H OAG PAR KE R H H OLE PE RR Y L H OLLE R A PAUL H OLMES C M JR H OLTON C HARLES R H OOKE R H A . . , , . , , . , , . . , , . . . . , . , . , . . , . , . , , . . , . , , . . . . . , . , , , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . . . . , . , . , . . . , . , . , . , . , . . . . , , , , . , . , . , . , . , , , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , , , . , , . , , , , . , . , . , . , H O PP JOSE P H H O RNE R H ON H EN RY H OS H OU R H ARVEY H O W ARD BE RT H OY I VAN A H OYNE M ACLAY H ON H UGHES H D H ULL M A J R OGE R B H UNT E A RL R H UNT GEO RGE C H UNT T HEODORE H UTCHENS H ARR Y L EE H YDE H EN RY NEAL H YMAN M A X A JACKSON A L JA FFE BEN J AMIN E JA RECKI H ON E K JE FFE RY JAM E S C LAR KE JENSEN G P JOHNSON E D W IN L JOHNSON W M JOHNSTON M ORR IS L JONES GEO RGE R JONES S M INOT J U N K E RM A N L ESLIE L K ANDEL JOHN S K AS PE RS L AM BE RT K ELLY GEO RGE A K ELLY R AYMOND K E RR WILLIAM D K LINE R E P K NA PPEN F RED F K ORI C K H EN R Y G K OL B T HEODO RE A K O RSHAK M A X M K ORT M E YE R BEN J K RAUTH H ARRY E K UIT S N K U M PFE R H E RB E RT L L A A DT ANTON . . , . . , . . , . , , . , . , . , , 34 . . L AM P MAN C LINTON P L ANE F RAYSE R T L AK ASH R E V G IRW IN L AVE RY URBAN A L EE G U Y F L EVINSON M K L E W IN H EN RY J L E W IS DR JULIAN H L E W IS W E L INDSAY WILLARD C L INGLE B C L INK JOHN H L ISTE R WILLIAM L ITTLE JOSE P H A L ONG AL B E RT L L O RD JOHN S L O RENZ O C L OVETT JOHN L L O W ITZ L EO H L U E BE C K E D W A R D H L UST H C L U TK I N H C L YMAN R OLLO L L YMAN WILLIS M L YON GEO RGE W JR M A C C L I N T OC K S AMUEL , . , . . , . , . , . , . . , . . , . , . . , . . , . , , . , . , . , . , . . , . , . , . , . . , . . , . , . , , . , M A C C OLL I N W X M A C G ILL WILLIAM V . , . M AC GREGO R JOHN H M A C K L OUIS W M ACINTY RE W A M ACKAY GEO RGE M AC M ILLAN DR D P M AHON L D M AHONY JAMES H M AIN F W M AINE A B M ALINA ARTHUR M A N I E RRE GEO RGE W M AR CUS C A RL L . , . , . . . , . . , . , . . , . . , . , , . . , . , . . . . , . , . , . . . , . , . , . , , , . , . . , . , . , . , . , . , , . , . , , . . , . . . , . . . . , . . , . . . , , , , . , . , . , , . , M AR TIN F RAN K A M ASON R OS WELL B M CB R IDE R O BE RT J M C C ARTHY J L M C C ARTNEY R E V A J M C E LROY C HA RLES F M C G OORT Y H ON JOHN P M C GREGO R D A M C H ANEY G W M C K EE WIL LIAM L M C K EO W N JOHN A M C K INLEY D ONALD S M C M AHON BE RNHARD M C NAMEE WILLIAM M C NEAL H E M C N ICHOLS GEO RGE F M C Q UEEN ALEXANDE R M M EAGHE R JOHN T M E E WILLIAM L M EEK T HOMAS J M ENGES PAUL O M E RRI F IELD F RED M E RR ITT J B M EYE RS JOHNSTON M IDDLETON S YDNEY M ILLARD RE V W B M ILLE R AL BE RT G M ILLE R H ARRY B M ILLE R H EN RY G M ILLE R J K M ILLE R W S M ILLS C ALVIN H M ILLS M ATTHE W M ILNE R D UNCAN C M ISHKIN C HA RLES M ITCHELL C C M O RR IS G M AU RICE M O RR ISON M A M ORR ISON R E V S J M O RRISON WILLIAM J , . , , . , , , , 35 . . , . . . . . . . M ORS E E Dw L C M UN F O RD H M M U RP HY JOHN C M U R P HY WALTE R A M U RRAY F RAN K B NAR AM O RE M ILTON O N ATHAN SON M O RRIS J N ELSON BE RT RAM G NE LSON P B NELSON WILLIAM J NE W F IELD M O RTIME R M NE W MAN E D W IN R NE WMAN SAM U EL NO R C ROSS F F N O RDIN DR H EN RY A N O RTON AL BE R T J O B R IEN Q UINN O C ONNO R JAMES J O D ONNELL AND RE W J O D ONNELL JOHN S O GRADY E D W ARD O GREN JOHN W O H AN WILLIA M J O LDS WALTE R F O LIVE R D AV ID PALME R E RNE ST PALME R J W PA M JUDGE H U GO PA POT BENEDICT PE ARSON H AY NIE R PECKHAM JOH N J PE RS O NS ALBE R T D PE TA C Q U E M A X WARREN PE TE RS G M P FLAUM WILLIAM K PH I LLI P S E J PHILLI P S E RNEST L PIC KE R IN G J F RAN K PIE RS ON H A YN IE R PIE RSO N DR H W . . . , . . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . . , . , . , . , , . . , . . , . , ’ , ’ . , ’ . , ’ . , ’ , . , . , . , , , . , . , , , . . , . , , . , . . , . . , . , , . , , . . . PINC KARD W R POIR IE R WAL TE R J POLLA RD W L P O O R E D W IN L PO RTE R JAMES H ALE POTTE R M E RLE H P RESCOTT PA TR ICK B JR PU RCELL E D WA RD RATH B UN C HAS F READ G ARDNE R RE A D I RVI N G E REED WILLIAM S H ELB Y REID L EONARD C REIN T HEODORE E REINHARDT F RED W REINHOLD W C REM Y V ICTO R A R EYNOLDS J J R ICE A R THU R H R ICHARDS F RANK W R IDINGS H ARRY J R ISLE Y W J S R R ISELEY L T W J R OB B INS JOHN W R O B INSON A J R OGE R S JOSE P H B RO NE Y C HAS H R O SB OR OU G H O A R O SENHEIM D AV ID R OSEN T HAL AB RA M I R OSS WALTE R W R U BE CAM P JOHN W R U N DALL C HAS O R USH TON JOS A R YE RSON D ONALD M SACHS PHILI P P S ALSMAN T HOS J S AN DE RS H O RACE C L S CHACH T F W S C H O F IELD C M . , . . , . . , . , , . , . , , . , . . , , . , , . , . , , . , . , . . , . . , , . , . , . , . . . . , . , . . , . . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . . . , . , . , . . , . , . , , 36 . . . . S C H OOLM AN R AL P H B T H O RSEN SAM U E L B S C HU LZ AD OLP H M T IL TO N GEORG E FRA N CI S S CHULZE WILLIAM C T ITUS L T R O BERT V S C H WARTZ U S T OPLAN IRVIN G S S C H WARTZ BACH AB RAM A TO RU P F RED A S EE FU RT H N AT HAN IEL T REAC Y P H ILI P H S HAVE R HAR RY L T RU M B ULL V H S HE RI FF AN D RE W R T RU SDELL R V S H U DN OW F RAN K T U RNE R C HAS W S KI N NE R JULIAN T Y S O N JO H N R S LEE PE C K WILLI AM UFE R H EN RY W S MIT H H AR OLD B ULLMAN N FRE DE RI C K S M ITH DR H RE G INALD U LLRI C K D ELB E R T S M ITH DR O A KLE Y UNDE RW OOD WAL TER S MOO T H ARRY E UN GARO G M S OLDAN WILLIAM G VAN DE R M U EL I N C S OLOMO N L J VEASE Y E D W ARD T SO LOMON J J V ON AMMO N E RN ES T C ARL S ON NENSCHEI N E D WARD V ON O B ST FELDE R H U GO S PRAGUE WILLIAM C WALSH I GNAT IUS STAM P E RN ES T E WALS H L J S TEAD JAM ES R WALTE R WILLIAM S STE P HE N S J Q WAR F IELD WILLIAM S S TE VENS J H WARRE N REV C LAUDE W STEVENS R A WARREN WALDO P S T GEO RGE M J WATTE R S JAMES E S TIFLE R F RAN CIS C WE BB ALEXAN DE R S TILES WILLIAM A WEILE R JOH N S TON E GEO RG E WEI NB E R G MO RRIS A W E I PLE ALB E R T S TRE YC K M AN S FELIX J S UG R UE G H JR WEISS I GNACE E S WAN H ARRY WEISS M O RTON B T EB ORE K JAMES J WENDELL E D W A RD E TE LLE R C ARRO LL A WE RMUTH GEORGE H TERVAN JO H N C W H EEL O CK E DGAR T T HIEDE JOH N C WHI PPLE C G T H OM AS WILLIAM N W H ITIN G C LIFFO RD W T H O M P KIN S L I ONEL WHITM AN L LO YD C T H O M PSON H O PE WHITMAN R D T HO RSEN JAM ES B WHITTLE A MOS B . , . , , . , . , . , , . . . , . , . , , . , . , . , . , , . . , . . . , . , , , . , . , . . , , , . , , . , . , . , . , . . , . , . , . , , , . , , . , . . , . . . , . , . , . . , . , . . , . , . , , . , . . . . , . , , . , , , . , . , , . , . , . . , , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . . , . , , , , , . , . , . , , . 37 . . . WILD A C WILLIAMS JOHN L WILLIAMSON GEO RGE H WILLNE R JOS Z WILLNE R M EYE R M WILSON C HARLES S WILSON E UGENE S WILSON JOHN P JR WINSHI P F RANCIS A WI RTH F RED A WOOD C HARLES J . , . , , . . . , . , . , . , , . . , , , . . , . , WOOD D ONALD M WOOD M ILTON G WO RMSE R L EO F WR IGHT A RTHU R C WYMAN V INCENT D YEOMANS AL F RED B ZIM ME R MAN E A ZIMME R MAN W J ZI N K I N AR THU R A ZOLLA E MIL N . , . . , . , , . , , . 38 . . , . . . , , . . P RO M I NE N T GUE S T S H ON WILLIAM H O WARD M A J O R S TANLEY FIELD T AF T S J D UNCAN C LA R K M A J O R G EN WM H S EC RETA RY O F THE N AVY C ARTE R J OSE PH U S D ANIELS B R IGADIE R-GENE RAL E D WILLIAM A H EATH S WINTON R E PATT ISON K LINE 1 03 F RENCH BLUE D E V I LS M A J OR K B FE RGUSON C LARENCE D ARR O W S H A I LE R M ATTHE W S SAMUEL I NSULL WILLIAM M ATHE R L E W IS H ON F RANCIS W PA RK E RD R H UGH BI R CKHEAD L T GEO RGES FLA C H A I RE WILLIAM H I NGE RS OLL L T H EN R I FARRE WILLIAM M C C O RMICK L T JOSE P H D O RELLE BLAI R RUSTON R U ST ON J E E D ONALD M RYE RSON H ARRY A WHEELE R C HARLES WOODS H H M E RR ICK C A P TAIN P AUL PE R IGO RD M A J C AR SON M C C O RMAC K C H M C N I DE R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . H O NOR AR Y M E M B ER S WILLIAM A B RADY DR H UGH B IR CKHEAD WELLINGTON CROSS WILL CRESSY M A J C AR SON M C C O R MACK JOHN T M C C UTCHEON L OUIS M ANN WILL R OGE R S S IDNEY S MITH . . . . M A J O R GENE RAL E D S W INTON JULIUS T ANNE R WILLIAM H O W ARD T AFT T AYLO R H OLMES L EO C AR ILLO WILLIAM R OCK JACK GARDNE R 39 - . . RE S ER V E S P E A K ER S Men subj e ct t o ca ll in im p orta n t cam pa i gns an d oth ers wh o rendered v a lu a ble a ssistan c e t o th e o rganiz a t ion , . C ARL R L AT HAM E D W ARD R L I TSI N GE R L O UIS E H AR T GEOR GE I H AI G H T C HARLES S D ENEEN J A B L OOM I N GSTON F REDE R IC BU RNHAM PAN DELE AN ASTAS C HAS T BU RRAS JUD GE WELLS M C OO K S J D UNCAN -C LAR K PE R C Y B E CKHA RT RE V C HARLE S W G I L K Y C HARLES H H AMILL JUDGE H O WA RD H AYES C R H OLDE N JO H N H S L EE AM OS C M ILLE R F RAN CIS O S HAU G HNESS Y ALE X F REIC H MAN N R EV R K EENE R YAN F RAN K H S CO TT JAM ES M S HEEAN JUD GE BEN M S M I T H H O RACE K T ENNE Y F RANK F WINAN S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ . . . . . ’ . . . . . . . . H EN RY M H YDE D W IGHT S BO BB S TE P HEN GARDNE R C HAS H WAC KE R A H R EVELL W T ABB O TT M R E B E RSOLE E W L LOYD C HA RLES W FOLDS C HA RLES H S CH WE PPE M A RQ UIS E ATO N H H M E RR ICK GEO R GE P M E RR ICK R O GE R S HE R MAN E DGAR A BANC RO FT JOHN D BLAC K WALTE R S B RE W STE R JUDGE F RAN K JOHNS TON E RNEST T G UNDLAC H PE TE R M O RTENSEN B J M ULLANE Y JULI AN F M ASON S E T HOMAS ON D AVID R FO RGAN J R C ATLO W JOSE P H FEUCH TW A N GER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . F O UR M I N U T E M E N I N AR M Y OR N AV Y H ARRY B I E RM A B H B OS K I E . . DR AR THU R C LAR KE R ICHARD H C OLB Y H AMILTON C OLEMAN WA RREN CRA WF O RD W R D ICKINSON BEN J AMIN L E ICHE R R FO R MAN FO WLE R DR H AR OLD C FOXTON E D F R IEDM AN PAUL M G ODE H N JOHN W G O RB Y S PENCE G O RDON VANDO RP GRAY JOSE P H D H E RBE RT H A RV EY H OS H OU R R OGE R B H ULL BEN J AMIN E JAFFE H EN RY G K ORI C K H E RBE RT L K U M PFE R URBAN A L AVE RY O C L O RENZ J B M E RR ITT F RED M E RR I F IE LD L OUIS W M ACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JAMES H M AHONEY ALBE RT G M ILLE R C HARLES M ISHKIN R EV S J M O RR ISON G M AU R ICE M O RRIS M O RTIME R M NE W F IELD AN D RE W J O D ONNELL E D WARD PU RCELL V ICTO R A RE MY W J R ISELEY D ONALD M R YE RSON O SCA R D S EAVE R N ATHANIEL S EE FU RT H F RANK S H U DN OW J JOSE P H S OLOMON R A S TEVENS H A RRY S WAN J J T E BORE K H O PE T HOM P SON R O B E RT V T ITUS IRVING S T OPLA N F REDE RIC ULLMANN L J WALSH WILLIAM S WA RF IELD ALBE RT W E I PLE . . . TH E . . . . . ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K illed in A ction A MOS B WHITTLE L ESTE R C BARTON E D WARD T VEASEY . . . 42 LI B ER T Y CH OR U S Of th e Fo u r M inu te M en C hicag o f M R E BE R SOLE D ire ct or E UGENE K AM ME RE R S M O RGAN B USHNELL G H L OUNS BE RY F L C U RTIS C LARENCE M C C ARTHY P N H M UNSON W D AVIES AL BE RT A O LSON W B E GAN O J E MM ONS C ARL A P FAU R O BE RT H S MITH W J FITZ PAT R ICK C C OY GLIDDEN H D S ULCE R H ARRY WEESE W E GO DSO E S WILSON G E O H JONES . . , . . . O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T H E A T RE S T h e follo wi n g T h e at res in Chi ca go includin g both th e Mo t ion P i ct ure T h e at res and R e gul a r T h e at res gave full c oo p er ation t o th e w ork o f th e F our Minut e Men a nd re c eived th e G overn m ent s O ffic i al C e rt i ficat e acknowled gin g th eir servi c e , , , ’ . 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AU X I L IAR Y S PE AK E R S T hree aux ili a ry o rganizations w ere d eve lop e d b y th e F ou r M inut e Me n T h e s e includ e d sp e aker s Wh o spo ke onl y in F rat ernal S oci e ti e s C hu r ch e s and L abo r Uni ons T h e s e sp e aker s although not re gula rl y list e d as F our M inut e Me n did efl ective s erv ic e in th e ir re sp ectiv e fi e lds followe d th e sch e dul e of Official topics ' and act e d in acco rdanc e With inst ructions f rom th e C hi cago C hai rm an T h e s e lists comp ris e onl y thos e Wh o S po ke in fi ve c ampaigns th e basis Of th e awa r d Of th e H ono rabl e D is cha rg e C ertificat e s . , . , , , , , . , . 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D i x on Fran k D on t A I D onn e ll Andre w J O D o r n M ry E D o rn er Alb ert W D oud W m P D ow n ey W m D re ch sl er C h r l e s D fly W P Ec k b er g C r l 0 E d h ol m E li E E d w rds H e lga Ei l n F C E ul er Jo h n Ew t P e t er F rr ow P R F e i c k H e n ry Ferr in J C F ey W m Finn M rt in J Fis ch er E dw J H J Fi m Fl k h n O tt o W Frey J F re d Fr i e nd H u g o M Fis ch er W E Fun k M r s M e l v Gart e n G ede H H G e i g er Louis e E G e ll r L ouis H l n A G G ibson Fr n c is P G i li ng G o r g e G li c km n L ouis , . . , . er s , a . . , , . . , , . a , . . , x er , e a . . . . , . , . , a . , a . . , . , . . , a , es as o . . , a , s e , a , . . Go rdon Le s t er Go r m n J o h n J Gr h m W m G r n k L u ke G ree n G e o E b erg E H m n L u ra H H ll C B H n w Willi m H H r p er H e n ry H rr is J m e s H H r t M r s Ann H r t H e n r i e tt G H zz r d W J He rl A F H i l m nn E A H e in e m n W F H e is t C h s e l t on W R H er in g H e n y H eron J m e s S H yd n F K H eym n Al ex nd er H M th ew H ib b l H illis F r n k N H o ff m n H I H o g b erg E H H olm e s C h s E H oo p e s A M H oo ver W H H ors t Ch s M H oul e Fr n k R H oy Iv n H u e bs ch Arth u r H h l M r s A m li H hl A H H u tch inson C h r l e s G m nn W l t er P I J e g er T A k y F e li x B J n J e n k ins M r s X K J o e ns J J o h n J o h nson C h s J J o h nson P e t er J J o h nson W l t er A J on e s D v id Jo r d n 0 F K ll h n A J K t er W m C K ee g n Jo h n J K e ll e h ern J M K md Ch s S K e nn e d y C h s F K e nn ey H rry K e nn er M r s N e tt i e K er bs F er d A K err J m e s K er z e Fr n k K i lb y G e o A K il n J m es Ki m b ll C l yd e A Kin g P Kinn ey G e o rg e A Ki tt l er J R Kl k Wm C K lin ke A W Kl t h Nic J Kni ght C M Ko c k A gn e s Ko e p ke Fr n k K lm J e ss e KK oss Wm A reer Joh n G K r u e g er M ry M KAnd unz e Em m y erson M b e l B Ku rt z H e n y D Ku r t z J o h n L m b E d w rd J L m b er t J os e ph in L nbl T h o m as W a a a a . , as a , . , . . a a . . a , or e . a . a , a , a . a e er , . . , . . , . a a , , . . . , . . , . ue , a . . a rr a a a , . , ov s . . , . . . , . , a , . . . , a , a . , e sc . er , . . , a . . . , , e . a , a a . . . so a a , , . . . . a , . , , . a , a , e , . c ra a , a . , , . . . , . , ep . e, . . . , ue sc . 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L AB OR S E C T I O N A t k in on R C Jo h n M B B il lin g sl ey E dw B oo th M il t on C l eve l nd W m E C rosb y P H D v id J oh n W D e bs Alf re d t Eugen e D f D i ed eri ch D r J J D rexe l Jo h n E lzin g E d w rd G F h y Joh n J F rn m J os e p h F ee n ey Jo h n J nt y P t r i c k F G G old J os e p h H gu e I H m il t on J o h n H rr ison G e o r g e W H w k ins P t i c k J c k on Fr nk s a u s er , J c k son Jo h n JJ onmeessonJ o hEn ld P e t er J Ph illi K e rns J m e s K e ll y Jo h n K enn e d y K th H rry K err W l t er Kinn ey E J L m p Edw rd M B n Th o m s M K i nl y J D M n g n Joh n M rs h H rry M ee h n M i ch e l S M inion A J M u rp h y M t in N ig h b C l re n c e J O c onn er J J Ol m Jo h n P e c k Jos e p h a a . . , . a . . , en , e au , , . . , , . , a a, a , a a . . a , s a . . a a , , e . er e y er , , . , o r, eo . a, . . , . . . , . a r, . , . ar a . u r a, u . , a , a , a ee , , ’ a , . . , , e a r , a , . , a e , e a . , , , , re e . , a , ra , c . a . , a a a a a a, a a , ee a c . , a a a , . . , a , . , , , . . , a . , a o u rea u x , , a va , u , , . , Raym ond Ar th r B Re d Jo h n Ree d A J R oss e ll W m SS chumeridHt HRu g o S l nd Osc r w W l t er SS no n yd er J o h n SS tt roninergerOlJeotthens R S gh F D STuros t f in O T t Wm T u r b Louis W ls h M i ch el W e bs t er G e o rg e V W id m B runo W e iss Louis W ild H M W ills C h r l e s F , . . a , . , CHU RCH SE C TI ON B r ow n Rev A rth u r T C r n e R C W Ai ke n E J Alb r i tt on Rev J M B r ow n Rev C l re n c e T C r w f o rd Rev Joh n 0 B r ow n Rev H e n y S Ai d ee n Rev C A C rosb y Rev K O B r u gh Rev Avery All e n Rev I W C u m m in g s Rev C A All e n Rev P ul R il ey B ry n t M r Jo h n M D h l Rev E d w in S B udlon g Rev Fre d G D nd n ill Rev E L A lt h if Rev C h s B R bbi N Am e s Rev E S B d in k y D r c y Rev J J An s t s e Rev J os e p h th n D r d e n Rev R ob t L h Rev Fr n k D D v id Rev S m i B And er son Rev C P And erson Rev F r n k L B u rke Rev T h om s D v id And er son Rev F r n k 0 ( C S P ) D v i e s Rev J W B u rns Rev J C l h oun D e C r lo Rev P s ! le An d er son Rev J C And er son Rev Jos e p h L B t t fi ld Rev R y D e nison M r W L n Rev M r t e n E s n A d D e L on g Rev Jo h n E B y s Rev A J lc m bins k i Rev F r n c i D e B yr n e s Rev E And ri e n Rev C r l J (C R ) An g e l e tt i Rev J os e p h C h ill Rev W m F d e N o r us Rev R C in Rev Louis P Are ll Rev 0 W D e nnison Rev Jo h n J A rnold Rev E d w in C C ldw e ll Rev R y T D e n t Rev J os e p h C ro f t C ll g n Rev J F B i k i e M iss J e n S D w k i Rev 8 B ker Rev T P D i c key Rev C h s J C nn e ll Rev F P B rnu m Rev F W D i e th er Rev L C d n R bbi Ab r h m B rr Rev N o rm n C (O C C ) B rry M r C h s A i D in m n Rev W A C rlson Rev E r i c B r t on Rev W m E D i x on Rev C G C r lson Rev G us t r G D L y Rev Jo h n B x t er Rev T M B e tt i e Rev Rob t H C s e Rev C r l D W m B D obl e Rev B e c k s t rom Rev J M C s ey Rev J os e p h A D o c k Rev H erb er t W B e nn e tt Rev Jo h n T C tt m l Rev E G D o r n Rev J P B ere nson R bbi M eyer C w th o rn e Rev H L D re ns Rev H e n ry f B h Rev Fre d J C h p m n Rev B e nmj E D ru m m ond Rev A C C h rt er s Rev T h o s D u h Rev F r n k W B erry Rev I P B i erm nn Rev P L C h n il Rev P ( C S D unn e Rev P W ig Rev R ob t R C B) P R ( ) w i Rev F M l fi un k Rev V C h di m Eg n Rev T h o sF E l e m Rev W m M t l Rev J os e p h Ch Rev G e o Ei nb h S B B lo e m er Rev H e n ry F 0 ( ) l i R bbi I s r e l i E n t n m B loo ! uis t Rev W C C l rke Rev A S C E llis Rev W il e s A C loud Rev M H B lu m b erg Rev Fre d E n g w ll Rev S w n A B ob l Rev T h om s J C od e Rev G e o rg e C E p s t e in Rev C h s H B on Rev T h o m s P C od e Rev J J R bbi E p h r i m B oni f s Rev T h e odo re C off ee R bbi R udol p h I EE pp sstt ee in in Rev F J B t k Rev Jos e p h P a l C h n R bbi S m u e l S E k n w i k Rev C A C oo k R W m B ow m n R H L E rns t in g Rev M C kt m Rev T O B oy d Rev Willi m S C ns Rev B B C o rw in Rev J on e s E r l FE vb er B r nd C h s A W G B ree d Rev Dw i ght P C o ver t Rev W m C h l F h rin gRerv Rev Fred H s B r i gg s Rev W l t er A m erRev F n t Rev 0 A C lin t on C B r d e n Rev S m u e l R CC r b t ree Rev Rev F F F m il All n B r oss i t Rev F W , . . , - . , , . , . ra a a a a a . . a . a . . , a a a a a a a a a , . . , , . . . . . a . a , . . . . . , . ere ng o s , a a . , ’ . . . . a . , , , . . a , a, a . , , a a . , or , , . . . ’ . . a . . . . . . 58 a a a a a a ar . . a . c . t oe, . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . , , , . a , a a a . s . . . . e r a . , . . , , , . . . . , . a . . , . a , a . a er , e . , ox , e . . . ro ac . . . . . . . , se a a ev , . . , . . . a . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . , , . . cz, . e . a . . . . . a . , , . . . . . . . . . ac . . . . , . 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