Unit 4: Organic Chemistry
Chapter 1: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Exercises page 117
1- 1- element, carbon
2- elements, covalent bonds
3- 4, 1 double, 1 triple
4- alkenes, alkynes
5- alcohol (ethanol)
2- 1- c
2- b
3- d
4- d
5- b
3- 1- True
2- False, saturated
3- True
4- False, addition, substitution
5- False, main chain
4- 1- a
2- c
3- d
4- b
5- 113 single bonds.
No, because they have the same molecular formula (same number of bonds) but
different structural formula.
2b- CH4
d- C4H10
a- C6H14
c- C8H18
e- C10H22
methane
butane
hexane
octane
decane
As number of carbon atoms increases, the boiling point increases.
3a-
1-chloroethane
1-chloroethane
b- same compound
c-
1,2-dichloroethane
1,1-dichloroethane
d- same compound
4- isomers of C3H7Br:
1-bromopropane
2-bromopropane
5- i- CnH2n+2
n = 3x
2n + 2 = 7x
So: 2(3x) + 2 = 7x → x = 2
ii- H: hexane
structural formula:
6- a- molecular formula: C3H8
structural formula:
b- CnH2n+2 + (3n+1/2)O2 → nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
7- a- i- A – G
ii- E – F
iii- G – H
b- because both carbon elements made 1 triple bond with each other (alkynes).
c- i- hydrogenation (addition of hydrogen):
ii- hydration (addition of H2O):
8- i-
ii- product: ethane
structural formula:
iii- semi-solid fat {vegetable oil + H2 → semi-solid fats}
(unsaturated)
(saturated)
9- a- substitution
b- structural formula of (C):
name : monochloromethane
c- CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl
10- a- C2H6
b- butane:
isomer of butane:
c- i- carbondioxide
ii- 8CO2
11- Hydrocarbon →
Unsaturated →
Satisfy pattern →
H – C only
presence of triple bond
CnH2n-2 →
n = 3 → CnH2n-2 → C3H4