DBQs Due Today
• Switch your DBQ response with another group.
• Using your scoring guide, grade the DBQ. Do you agree with where
your peers gave themselves points?
Monday
December 19, 2016
Quiz & Outline Check
• You know the drill!
Tuesday
December 20, 2016
Socratic Seminar: Chapters 20-22
Civil War & Reconstruction
• Read the primary document on page 468. How does this document
exemplify the life of a black American following the Civil War?
• What aspect of life in the South does the document on page 468
miss?
• What were the three main plans for Reconstruction following the Civil
War?
• Which parts of the chapter . . .
• did you not understand?
• made you think, “WHY DO I NEED TO KNOW THIS???”
• How do ideas found in the chapters manifest themselves today?
Unit 3: Testing the New Nation
1820-1877
• Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860
• Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy, 1841-1848
• Powerpoint is available on my teacher page.
• Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848-1854
• Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854-1861
• Exam: Chapters 16-19 – December 11th
• Chapter 20: Girding for War – The North and the South, 1861-1865
• Chapter 21: The Furnace of the Civil War, 1861-1865
• Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865-1877
• Exam: Chapters 20-22 – December 23rd
• NO UNIT ESSAY
Chapter 22
The Ordeal of Reconstruction,
1865-1877
“With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as
God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to
bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle
and for his widow and orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just
and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”
Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural, March 4, 1865
I. The Problems of Peace
• The Rebels – To punish or not to punish?
• Jefferson Davis and other southern leaders
were arrested, but eventually released.
• All rebels leaders were finally pardoned by
President Andrew Johnson in 1868.
• Conditions of the “Old South”:
• Banks, businesses, factories, and the
transportation system was destroyed.
• The agriculture/slave society was
destroyed.
• Many white Southerners remained defiant.
Jefferson Davis
(top) and
Robert E. Lee
(bottom)
Charleston, South
Carolina, in Ruins, April
1865 Rebel troops
evacuating Charleston
blew up military supplies
to deny them to General
William Tecumseh
Sherman’s forces. The
explosions ignited fires
that all but destroyed the
city.
II. Freedmen Define Freedom
III. The Freedmen’s Bureau
VI. The Baleful Black Codes
• WHAT ISSUES DID FORMER SLAVES FACE?
•
•
•
•
What would the new master-slave relationship look like?
Could former slaves take advantage of economic & educational opportunity?
Some minor violence from former slaves.
Would/could former slaves travel or migrate?
• Whites were forced to recognize the realities of emancipation. HOW DID
BLACK CODES REGULATE LIVES OF BLACK AMERICANS?
• Meant to ensure a stable and subservient labor force
• Extreme penalties for African Americans who “jumped” their labor contracts.
• Committed them to work for the same employer for 1 year for very low
wages.
• Some codes forbade a black person to serve on a jury or own/lease land.
• No suffrage at all.
• Many former slaves were forced to earn a living as sharecroppers, working for
their former masters.
• Freedmen’s Bureau was created to aid black Americans. HOW?
p468
p468
An anti-Freedman’s
Bureau poster
V. Presidential Reconstruction
IV. Johnson: The Tailor President
• HOW MANY PLANS WERE THERE FOR RECONSTRUCTION?
• Lincoln’s 10 Percent Reconstruction Plan
• Southern states never legally withdrew from the Union.
• A state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of its
population swore allegiance and pledge to abide by emancipation.
• A new state government would then be created.
• Republicans feared the eventual restoration of the planter aristocracy.
• Radical Republicans rammed Wade-Davis Bill through Congress
(1864).
• Required that 50% of a state’s voters take the oath of allegiance.
• Demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln’s plan.
• Lincoln “pocket-vetoed” the bill – Congress & President were split.
• Andrew Johnson followed Lincoln’s 10% Plan.
• Many Republicans felt as though he was allowing the planted
aristocracy to regain power.
Dates of Ratification
13th Amendment – 1865 – ended slavery - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qjtugr2618
14th Amendment – 1868 – granted citizenship to black Americans
15th Amendment – 1870 – guaranteed suffrage to black men
VII. Congressional Reconstruction
VIII. Johnson Clashes with Congress
IX. Swinging ‘Round the Circle with Johnson
• Republican Fury – WHY WERE THEY SO INCENSED?
• Ex-Confederates re-entered Congress as Democrats.
• Free slaves gave south even more representation.
• Southern and Northern Democrats might take control of the
government.
• President Johnson restored rebellious states too easily & vetoed
extension of Freedmen’s Bureau.
• Republicans Take Control – HOW?
• Republicans passed the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 toi grant civil rights and
destroy black codes.
• Vetoed by President Johnson – more fury – veto overruled.
• Congress than ratified the 14th Amendment (1868) WHICH DID WHAT?
• All Republicans agreed no state should be admitted back into
the Union without first ratifying the Fourteenth Amendment.
Thursday
December 22, 2016
Alexander Stephens
Vice-President of the Confederacy,
Returned to Congress in 1865
Dates of Ratification
13th Amendment – 1865 – ended slavery
14th Amendment – 1868 – granted citizenship to black Americans
15th Amendment – 1870 – guaranteed suffrage to black men
X. Republican Principles and Programs
XI. Reconstruction by the Sword
• In 1866, Republicans were elected to a 2/3
veto-proof majority in Congress.
• Radicals (right) & Moderates at least agreed on
the need to give black men the right to vote.
• Radical Reconstruction – WHAT DID IT LOOK
LIKE?
• Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into
five military districts.
• Former Confederates couldn’t vote (temporarily)
• Stringent conditions for readmission: ratify 14th
Amendment & grant suffrage to black adult males.
• Radical Republicans pushed 15th Amendment
(1870) which gave black men the right to vote.
• When federal troops finally left a state, its
government swiftly passed back into the
hands of white Redeemers, mostly
Democrats
Radicals: Thaddeus Stevens (left) & Charles Sumner
(right)
Military Reconstruction, 1867
XII. No Women Voters
• The struggle for black freedom and the crusade
for women’s rights were one and the same in the
eyes of many women.
• After the war, Feminist leaders believed the time
had come for suffrage and equality, but they
were excluded from the 14th Amendment.
• When the 15th Amendment proposed to prohibit
denial of the vote on the basis of “race, color, or
previous condition of servitude,” Stanton and
Anthony wanted the word sex added to the list.
The dreams of Elizabeth Cady
Stanton and Susan B. Anthony (and
millions of other women) were not
fully answered as part of
Reconstruction.
XIII. The Realities of Radical Reconstruction in the South
XIV. The Ku Klux Klan
• Moderates and many radicals first hesitated to grant
suffrage to the freedmen of the south.
• HOW DID NORTHERNERS AND SOUTHERNERS SUPPORT THEIR
SIDE FOLLOWING THE CIVIL WAR?
• Scalawags and carpetbaggers: allies of freedmen
• Scalawags—Southerners, former Unionists and Whigs
• Carpetbaggers—Northerners who packed their possessions
into a carpetbag suitcase and headed south to seek personal
power and profit in the “New South.”
• Some Southern whites resorted to savage measures.
• Secret organizations exploded (Ku Klux Klan founded TN, 1866)
• Used terror (flogging, mutilation, murder) against black
Americans.
• Force Acts (1870-1871) passed by Congress to control this
terrorism.
• White South openly defied the 14th and 15th Amendments.
• EX: Literacy tests
Freedmen Voting, Richmond, Virginia,
1871 The exercise of democratic rights by
former slaves constituted a political
and social revolution in the South and
was bitterly resented by whites.
XV. Johnson Walks the Impeachment Plank
XVI. A Not-Guilty Verdict for Johnson
• WHAT IS THE STORY OF IMPEACHMENT?
• Radicals attempted to remove Johnson from office.
• Tenure of Office Act (1867): required the president to
secure the consent of the Senate before he could
remove his appointees once they had been approved by
the Senate.
• Johnson was impeached when he tested the law by
dismissing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton (1868).
• The House conducted the prosecution, the Senate
would decide, while Johnson remained silent.
• Johnson’s attorneys argued that the president was
testing the constitutionality of the Tenure of Office Act
by firing Stanton.
• May 16, 1868: by a margin of one vote, the radicals
failed to muster a two-thirds majority to remove
Johnson.
It won three Tony Awards and its film
adaptation won an Oscar.
The Impeached
Presidents of
the United
States Club –
VERY exclusive!
XVII. The Purchase of Alaska
• Johnson’s administration achieved its most
enduring success in the field of foreign relations
by purchasing Alaska from Russia.
• Russia didn’t think Alaska was worth arguing
over/fighting for.
• 1867: Secretary of State William Seward signed a
treaty with Russia: bargain price!
• Why did the United States purchase Alaska?
• Russia had been friendly to the North during the Civil
War.
• America did not think they could offend their friend.
• The territory had furs, fish, and gold and other natural
resources, including oil and gas.
• So Congress accepted “Seward’s Folly.”
Alaska and the Lower Forty-eight States (a
size comparison)
XVIII. The Heritage of Reconstruction
• White Southerners: RESENTMENT ALL AROUND
• Republicans acted from a mixture of idealism and
political expediency: TAKE CONTROL AND HELP
FREEDMEN.
• In the end, Reconstruction didn’t really help the
freedmen and crushed the party in the South for a
century.
• Moderate Republicans were probably not realistic
enough with regards to how far the South would
go to resist change.
• Old South: Resurrection vs. Reconstruction?
Is This a Republican Form of
Government? by Thomas
Nast, Harper’s Weekly, 1876
Exam: Chapter 20-22
• 36 multiple choice questions
• 1 short answer question
• Unit themes due as well!
Friday
December 23, 2016