Chapter 12 and 13
The North and The South
1. The War of 1812
• Trade with England was interrupted
because of the War of 1812 when
England blockaded our ports and
Americans were forced to produce
their own goods.
• As a result, the nation became part of
the Industrial Revolution as factories
and machinery replaced earlier
methods of producing goods.
2. Characteristics of the Age
of Industrialization
• Cotton Gin
• Textile Factory
• Railroad Expansion
• Influx of immigrants
3. Economies of North and South
NORTH
• Economy based
upon
manufacturing,
industry
• Immigrant labor
force
• Majority of factories
located in Northeast
SOUTH
Agricultural
Slave labor
Long growing season
Favorable climate
Most big cities located
along the coast
because they were
shipping centers
• Most southern whites
were yeoman, or owners
of small farms
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4. Inventions
• Cotton gin
• Processing cotton became more efficient
• Contributed to spread of slavery
• Interchangeable parts
• Made the standardization of goods possible (mass
production
• Bessemer steel process
• Newly developed heating process to purify steel
to make it stronger
• Telegraph
• First form of long-range communication
5. Textile Factories
• First factories in the U. S.
• Manufactured cloth (textiles)
• Location next to water sources in
Northeast contributed to their success
• Unfavorable working conditions
included health problems, unsafe
conditions, loss of limbs and no
maternity leave
6. Immigration during 1800s
• Large influx of immigrants
provided labor for the nation’s
factories.
• Irish immigrants migrated to the
U. S. because of the Irish potato
famine.
• German immigrants migrated to
the U. S. because of political
upheaval in their country.
7. People to Know
Samuel Slater
• Stole designs from English factories to bring to U. S.
Samuel Morse
• Invented the telegraph
Francis Cabot Lowell
• Created a model factory town in Massachusetts
Robert Fulton
• Operated the first successful steamboat
Eli Whitney
• Developed idea of interchangeable parts
• Invented the cotton gin
8. Slavery
• Slavery was non-existent in
the North because it did not
fit the North’s economic
purposes.
• Slavery was declining
before the invention of the
cotton gin because low
crop prices led to a
decrease in the demand for
slaves.
9. Free Blacks Face
Discrimination in the South
• Could not assemble together
• Could not obtain a formal education
• Required to carry papers at all times
proving they were free
• Many states required them to leave
the state because their presence
encouraged slave rebellions.
10. Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Effects:
• Slave codes were
toughened.
• Slave families were
separated.
11. Transportation Revolution
Two new forms of transportation
• Steam-powered train
• Improved disbursement of industrial
goods nationwide affected the nation’s
economy.
• Steamboat
• Made river travel faster and more
efficient
• Could carry larger amounts of cargo
and people
12. Gibbons v. Ogden
• Increased the
strength of the
federal
government
• Gave Congress
the authority to
regulate interstate
commerce