JAPAN
and the
PACIFIC ISLANDS
by Anthony Haas
FOREIGN REPORT
Asian Developments
affecting the
South Pacific
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Managing Director,
Anthony Haas B.A. (Hens)
Box 3978, Wellington,
New Zealand.
Cables: HAASPRESS,
Wellington and Pahiatua.
Phone: 550 Pahiatua.
Director for South
East Asia,
Charles Draper M.A. (Hens)
ECOCEN, National Economic
Development Board,
962 Krung Kasem Road,
Bangkok, Thailand.
Cables: ECOCEN ~
Phone: 820181 Bangkok.
Contract Research
Director,
David Shand B.C.A.
(Hens) A.C.A.
Box 3978, Wellington,
New Zealand.
Cables: HAASPRESS,
Wellington.
Phone: 46040 Wellington.
Market Research Director,
Ross McCamish B.Com.,
A.C.A.
Market Research Centre,
Massey University of the
Manawatu, Palmerston
North, New Zealand.
Director for the Pacific
Islands,
Jim Willett M.A. (Hens)
134 Landscape Road,
Mount Eden, Auckland.
Phone: 695577 Auckland.
Japan,
Liaison Office,
Box 1226, Tokyo Central.
Phone: 2417443 Tokyo.
NO. 7
JAPAN AND THE PACIFIC
ISLANDS
a discussion paper to assist the
dialogue preceeding mutually
valuable cooperation between
Japan and the Island nations and
territories of the South Pacific.
Prepared by Anthony Haas after surveys in
the Islands, New Zealand and Japan.
Published by the Asia Pacific Research
Unit Ltd., P.O. Box 3978, Wellington, New
Zealand.
Copyright, Asia Pacific
Research Unit 1973.
The Asia Pacific Research Unit carries
out contract research and publishes
special reports on states and territories
in the region. · It has members throughout the Pacific Basin, in universities,
journalism, politics and business who are
available to deal with research requests.
It is associated with a number of major
research instit~tions from whom research
services may be obtained.
PUBLISHER'S NOTE
The circulation of this report :i-n the
Pacific Islands, Japan, Australia and New
Zealand will be followed up by the Asia
Pacific Research Unit with consultations
with interested parties in the region.
Discussions have been arranged between
Japanese research economists and New
Zealand based observers of South Pacific
affairs, with a view to identifying how
Japan may contribute to balanced surveys
of aid, trade and investment sought by
Island governments for the implementation
of their development plans.
Further
discussions that enable Islanders to let
the Japanese government and private
sectors know where their involvement is
regarded as desirable and undesirable
will be assisted.
For details, contact
the APRU through Box 3978, Wellington,
New Zealand.
~~-~--~~----~~----~~--
-~~~-----~
1
JAPAN AND THE PACIFIC-ISLANDS
Japanese and South Pacific Islanders are not particularly accustomed
to dealing with each other - but are finding increasing cause for
expanding their range of contact.
In the Japanese perspective the
Pacific Islands are an additional source of raw materials for the natural
resource hungry Japanese economy.
The South Seas contain untapped
minerals under the seabed and unpolluted seafood in the deep waters.
On
the many Pacific Islands dwells an increasingly urbanised, educated and
healthy peoples interested in labour intensive,marine, agrarian,service
and industrial employment.
In the Islander's perspective Japan is a mineral, timber, food and
manufactured exports market, a source of capital, technology and
development assistance.
For a number of economic, social, political and psychological
reasons the two regions mean more to each other than economic
opportunities.
Pacific Islanders•· memories of Japan's world wartime
presence have faded - but a new image of the thrusting, powerful, economic
superstate that self conscious Japanese recognise by the stereotype
'economic animal' has started to emerge.
The leaders of mini states
watch a bewildering array of Japanese faces come in the guise of fishermen, tourists, big businessmen and the occasional government representative
- some bringing attractive propos~tions and others leaving with a bad
taste in the mouths of those they meet.
Lack of awareness of the positive advantages Japan can bring Islands
developm$nt means fact and fiction about the failings of the Japanese
fishermen who poach Island waters, about the Japanese businessmen who
drive extortionate bargains with Island businessmen and about the
personal habits of Japanese visitors spread fast among Island gossips.
The Japanese reputation in the South Pacific does not feed on as many
tales of undisciplined and insensitive behaviour as occur in South East
Asia.
But the bad odour can waft in from outside - fed by reports of
the Fijian experience in dealing with the Japanese who claimed to develop
bauxite resources, but who in fact were only interested in skimming the
top off a valuable Island resource.
Knowledge of the difficult straits
in which the New Caledonians were placed by suspended contracts for the
nickel mineral which is the French Pacific territory's only export
affects the reputation of Japan as a stable market to whom it is worth
offering stable supply.
As Japan's 'resource diplomacy' is designed to win stable supplies
and alternative sources it would be surprising to find some of Tokyo's
business and political leaders failing to bring order into their
relations with the South Pacific Islands once they realise the
implications of the contemporary laissez-faire attitude.
In economic
terms, the South Pacific is already regarded as significant as a supplier
of· nickel, fish and other edible and inedible supplies for the crowded
Japanese Islands.
Fiji feels Japan will want more timber and is
2
prepared to plant fast growing trees to meet the shortage predicted in
official Japanese White Paper predictions.. In economic and recreational
terms the resorts of the Islands are appealing to Japanese tour parties
in search of 'adventure', and to Japanese hoteliers, travel agencies,
Japan Air Lines and other service industries and investors interested in
profits from the South Pacific's fast growing tourist industry.
From the standpoint of the trading companies, supermarkets, fishing
companies and others concerned withmeeting the increasingly complex
needs of the Japanese consumer for traditional and untraditional
pollution free foods, the marine and tropical foods of the South Pacific
are too significant for Japan to ignore.
The Taiwanese regard the tuna
resources of the South Pacific as among the best in the world - and have
expanded their South Pacific activities to the stage of discussions with
Western Samoa's government on a joint venture fishing cannery in Samoa.
Japanese employers who face the implications of the growing labour
shortage in what were once renowned labour intensive activities could
find their interests coinciding with the.Pacific Islanders who want
.labour intensive agro and other industries, further processing of their
lumber and other resources.
MAJOR TRADING NATIONS
Tariff barriers show many signs of being lifted higher against
Japanese exports - and investment in the developing countries ~f the
South Pacific offer Japan's business circles a way of countering the
new trend.
Most of the Pacific Islands have at one time or another
been administered by colonial powers from Britain, France, America,
Australia and New Zealand.
In some cases residual links with the
former colonial powers give Island exporters a preference in the world's
industrialised markets - which is of increasing significance as
traditional offshore industrial sites like Taiwan and South Korea are
priced off or politically removed from preeminent positions.
The
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Generalised Scheme
of Preferences - in which Japan has nominal involvement - enhances the
preferential advantage Pacific Islands have as assembly and
manufacturing sites for exports to world markets.
Although Japan supplies ten percent of the Islands' imports and
takes twenty five percent of the region's exports the newly emergent
superstate has not so far been particularly significant in the consolidation and evolution of the Islands' relations with major world
groupings.
Yet Japan could be of some significance in the development of the
independent commonwealth members' (Fiji, Western Samoa, Tonga, Nauru)
consideration of their relations with Australia and New Zealand, the
thoughts of this group plus dependent Papua New Guinea, British Solomon
Islands, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Wallis, Futuna, French Polynesia,
'Gilbert and Ellice and others on the question of some sort of associate
or special trading relationship with the European Economic Community.
3
American Samoa and the United States Trust Territories enjoy
special access to the United States' markets, and the Cook Islands, Niue
and the Tokelaus gain special consideration from New Zealand.
Japan's prospects for involvement in the South Pacific under the
protective tariff umbrellas offered by these preferential schemes are
dependent on more than economic considerations.
Some Japanese show
awareness of this by negotiating fishing arrangements with territories
such as British Solomon Islands - in the hope that by the time
independence comes the Japanese position will have been secured.
Japan's political and diplomatic relations with the South Pacific
Islands will in part determine how far the Pacific Islands governments
are prepared to go along with this sort of expansion of Japan's
economic penetration.
The biggest related questions have not been
disposed of in the past - they will come up as the mini states savour
the implications of their independence, and chart their own futures.
Japan is not going to be able to chart her way through these
complex political shoals without people in both camps putting effort
into developing a balanced relationship.
Japa~ has the additional
diplomatic implication of her newly sought status as an independent
great power.
How should she deal with the other powers active in the
South Pacific?
Japan's rapprochement with China may have some
bearing on how Japan regards the growing Russian maritime and diplomatic
presence in the South Pacific.
Japan's relations with Australia and
New Zealand also have a bearing on how the Asian power deals with the
Southern countries who constitute what the Japanese government
agencies and trading houses call 'Oceania'.
IMPROVING COMMUNICATION
When Japan and South East Asia realised the wider implications of
their significant economic relationship they put effort into creating
organisations that would improve the dialogue between them.
In 1970
a Filipino businessman closely associated with the five nation
Association of South East Asian Nations (Indonesia, Malaysia,
Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines) told a high level mission
including Japanese government officials and members of the Federation
of Economic Organisations, Keidanren they should work with ASEAN as a
group and not try to play members off against each other or pick their
prey off singly.
The time may not be far distant when the increasing
tendency towards regional cooperation in the South Pacific leads
spokesmen for the South Pacific Prime Ministers' Forum (Australia, New
Zealand, Fiji, Western Samoa, Tonga, Mauru, the Cook Islands - and on
independence, Papua New Guinea) to band together to face Japan.
If
Islands leaders are persuaded of Japan's balanced intention in the
South Pacific, this regional cooperation could prove to be of mutual·
benefit in marshalling Japan's vast resources to the mutual benefit of
the Japanese and the Pacific Islanders.
Regional organisations can
be used for defensive - and for cooperative purposes by the Pacific
Islanders considering their relations with Japan.
.4
The South Pacific Forum has established a Bureau for Economic
Cooperation (SPEC) in Fiji.
This body commenced operation in
November 1972 because the Prime Ministers
'recognised that a prime objective of the region was to
endeavour to change the pattern whereby the territories
previously dependent had supplied raw materials to
metropolitan countries but were unable to IQ.anufacture
many of the goods they required.
Some methods of
modifying the pattern could be increased inter-Island
trade, increased investment in the Islands, joint
ventures providing for the manufacture in the Islands
of components made for products in the developed
countries, and consideration of trade barriers affecting
Island goods.'
The Prime Ministers established the forum to improve communication
between members and to speed up the implementation of regional projects.
The bureau is directed by a Tongan, the Han. Mahe Tupouniua, formerly
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance in Tonga.
The deputy
director of the bureau is the former head of the New Zealand Ministry of
Foreign Affairs Economic Division, Mr. K.W. Piddington.
The bureau,
concerned with both policy and administration, has potential for
assisting the mini states and Japan find their areas of common interest.
A number of the principal functions of the bureau could touch on
relations with Japan.
The office is charged with
identification of opportunities to modify present South '
Pacific trade patterns
opportunities for regional free trade, plan harmonisation and
research
establishment of advisory services on technical assistance,
aid and investment finance
studies and coordination of public and private sector
regional transport
assistance to regional governments with a regional trade and
tourist promotion service
operating a bulk order buying scheme for official needs
acting as a clearing house for information on trade, production
and economic developments in the region and in areas outside
the region which are of interest to members.
The Prime Ministers are
a~ious
to see the
development of further processing of primary products
rationalisation of import substitution industries
establishment of export oriented manufacturing industries.
New initiatives are required to relate these methods and objectives to
improvement of Japan-Pacific Islands relationships.
5
Japan has already invested effort in the establishment of an
organisation to promote trade, investment and tourism in South East Asia.
This organisation has showrooms at the central Tokyo offices of the
sponsoring Japanese agency, the Japan External Trading Organisation
JETRO.
Officials associated with the South East Asian Trade,
Investment and Tourist Promotion Centre. in Tokyo have intimated to this
writ~r that they see little against, and a lot for association of the
Centre with development of the South Pacific.
The Japanese point out
they have not been approached by Pacific Islands interests.
It is
apparent that the small Pacific Islands miss out in the Japanese
consumer and financial market as a result of ignorance of the potential
and resources of parties that could have mutual interests.
Display
centres which the Americans and Australians maintain are needed by the
mini states - as well as by semi developed economies such as New Zealand.
A grouping of resources for promotional purposes might help otherwise
small interests overcome the considerable costs of operating in the
heart of Tokyo's business district.
Securities companies and trading companies with an interest in
the Pacific Islands could group their resources to assist representatives
of the mini states establish contact with the relevant Japanese
institutions.
The Oceania Division of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs deals
with the Pacific Islands as well as Australia and New Zealand.
Its
interest in the mini states is reflected in the accreditation of
ambassadors to various Islands, its acquiescence in proposals to
include dependent South Pacific territories in the Japanese generalised
scheme o~ preferences and its 1971 dispatch of a small government
mission to several polynesian states.
One reason little practical benefit
has come from this interest is the inability of Japanese and Islanders to
know with confidence how to deal with each other.
Once it had been decided to bring the weight of Japan's wealth to
bear on the development of the Islands, there seemed little reason why
the government agencies and ministries concerned with the South Pacific
and with development assistance could not summon forth valuable capital,
managerial, technical and marketing resources for the Islands.
Japan's Finance Ministry, Foreign Ministry, OVerseas Technical Cooperation Agency, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, JETRO
and the Economic Planning Agency are among the government agencies that
could marshal resources pertinent to Islands' development.
Other agencies that work closely with the government such as the
Japan Foundation and the EXPO fund could assist projects which would
inform the Islands about Japan's potential role.
Japan's securities companies and the major research organisations are
a position to give a lead to the government agencies and the business
and financial circles who could develop the proper balance between a
public and private sector Japanese role in the Islands.
~
6
Members of the Japan Chamber of Commerce and the Federation of
Economic Organisations - ranging across a number of sectors - have a
present or potential interest in the South Pacific Islands.
But in the
absence of their associations forming a business cooperation council
between Japan and the Islands - paralleling the Japan-Australia and
other bilateral committees - it will be necessary for a Japanese interest
with special energies reserved for the Islands to organise relevant
Japanese so that they and the Islanders may come face to face.
A BALANCE BETWEEN SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL RELATIONSHIPS
If Japan intensifies her involvement in the South Pacific Islands in
a piecemeal way there is a danger that the potentially valuable aspects
of the relationship will be marred by tensions familiar to those
acquainted with Japan's relations with South East Asia.
Those Japanese
who are interested in leading their countrymen into a balanced relationship with the Islands may find it farsighted to draw together social,
economic and political information about the Islands so that they may
con~ider the sort of relationship they could develop with the South
Pacific.
From this general survey of the aspirations and attributes of those
who live on the scattered Islands Japanese will be able to establish which
aspects of South Pacific development are best suited to participation by
some of their own number.
Government, semi government and private
Japanese circles would then be in a position to dispatch ~embers of their
own organisations on study tours of the South Pacific to identify specific
options facing them in the developing economies.
These Japanese survey
missions should be undertaken with the assistance of people from the
South Pacific who can give some sense of local feeling and show the
Japanese where their participation would be most appreciated.
If this general background work, and identification of Japanese
sector interests was launched during 1973, it may be possible to take
advantage of present trends in the South Pacific that fit in with an
expanded Japanese presence. ·
Under the auspices of the Japan Economic Research Centre a meeting of
Pacific Basin Economists may be held in New Zealand in 1974 or 1975 •.
· Such a meeting of minds could throw the question of a potential Japanese
role in the Pacific Islands into a broader regional and international
perspective.
With the election of Labour governments in Australia and
New Zealand it can be expected there will be greater interest displayed in
Wellington and Canberra in the development of a community of interest in
the Pacific Basin.
This may find expression in a proposal advanced by
New Zealand Prime Minister Norman Kirk for a Pacific Council of
parliamentarians - which would focus on the mini states but which could
involve larger powers from around the Pacific.
7
Within a few years - and once the Japanese government and business
circles have identified the role they would like to play in the Pacific
Islands - it may be desirable to bring the interested parties together
somewhere in the South Pacific.
At such a meeting Japanese and South
Pacific spokesmen could discuss how any proposed Japanese role should be
modified to satisfy the needs and aspirations of the Japanese and the
Islanders.
At such a meeting it would be possible to establish lines of
communication between major parties with common interests - but who ha~
not earlier been able to identify their opposite number in a complex
array of multinational and national public and private organisations.
Follow through between appropriate Japanese institutions and organisations
like the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation (SPEC), the Asian
Development Bank and other observers could be made.
The meeting could
coincide with an annual session of the Pacific Islands Prime Ministers•
Forum. a South Pacific Conference, a gathering of the proposed Pacific
Council or the 1975 Pacific economists meeting in New Zealand of the
Japan Economic Research Centre.
Action could follow this harmonisation of views.
Japan's .Overseas
Development Agencies could make the outlays for social and economic
infrastructure in the Pacific Islands and Japan's business circles could
make company decisions on investment of capital, technology, managerial
and marketing resources.
The ability of Japan's government and
business circles to work closely together could be applied to the
benefit of the developing Pacific economies.
The policies and the action
evolved through a rational plan of action is more likely to lead to a
balanced Japanese impact on the social, political and economic aspects of
Islands' development than an adhoc, unvarnished pursuit of private profit
by major Japanese interests.
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
A survey of the plans and policies of the Island administrations
and regional and multilateral organisations focusing on the South Pacific
would reveal opportunities for joint ventures between Islanders and the
Japanese.
Some of these ventures may appropriately be develope~ with
the involvement of third parties accustomed to dealing with both
partners - such as Australia and New Zealand.
Ambivalent attitudes to Japan add to the desirability of channelling
a range of Japanese activities through multilateral agencies with an
established place in the Islands - such as the New Caledonia based South
Pacific Commission, UNDP,the Manila based Asian Development Bank or the
WOrld Bank or its affiliated International Development Association.
These agencies are already aware of some of the Islanders•
expectations for investment in physical and social infrastructure - which
Japan could appropriately support.
Public and private investment has
a place to play in the development of regional shipping and regional
aviation services, the physical .infrastructure of ports, airfields, roads,.
transport machinery and buildings.
The development of the transport
sector is important for the eXpansion of trade, tourism, agro, assembly
and manufacturing industries.
Many investors have displayed interest in the rapid growth tourist
industry without giving sufficient attention to the s;ocial costs.
Investment in service industries that served the flow of Japanese and
other visitors and also added to the quality of life on the Islands
could be made by wise investors.
The Islanders are interested in labour intensive industries that
provide them with skills and personal satisfaction as well as income
and employment.
Japan's capitalassistance may be appropriately provided for
development of educational infrastructure, the University of the South
Pacific, the Derrick Technical Institute, Alafua Agricultural College,
.
and various technical, trade and marine training facilities in the Islands
or Japan and other metropolitan countries.
Japan's industries could benefit from the labour availability in the
Islands - and employ Islanders in assembly of products for world markets.
Japanese consumers would be well serred by the development of
Island food processing industries that gain home markets from the South
Pacific tourist industry and specialty food markets ordained by the
tastes of Japanese and other consumers.
Tonga, for excu:tple, finds that
il:s soil is ideal for market gardening fruit <md vegetables which can
make intensive use of available land and labour.
Joint venture capital,
technology, marketing and managerial investment could link the Tongan
produce wi~~ a Japanese suoe~arket chain.
Produce could be pa~~aged in
tins, or plastic or frozen in bulk or consucer packs in juice or whole
fruit or vegetable fo~.
It could be sea freighted for general
Japanese markets or air freighted fresh for specialty ~4rkets.
Food
technology could be applied to develop new products or develop
alternative forms for traditional products from such basics as the
coconut with its copra and sweetmeats for industrial or consumer use.
The abundance of Fijian sugar could be ~~a basis of a variety of
industries.
Many Island and Japanese objectives would be furthered by further
processing of natural resources on location.
Ti~ber need not be shipped
out as lumber and minerals need not be dispatched to Japan without some
initial refining being done in the South Pacific.
Exploration of undersea mineral resources in the rich basins
stretching towards Hawaii can be made from the Islands.
At the 1974
conference on the Law of the Sea, Pacific Islands will, like Japan, be
interested to see that the wealth of the undersea mines is equitably
shared.
9
Fish appear to be the South Pacific resource of greatest interest
to the Japanese - faced with dwindling traditional supplies and the
threat of contaminated coastal waters.
If Japan does not take
initiatives to manage and conserve the marine resources of the South
Seas, Island governments could press for 200 mile management zones that
would restrain Japanese fishing interests in major tuna catching waters.
Development of South Pacific fishing resources could be a model
illustration of Japanese relationships with the scattered Islands.
The resource could be developed on a regional and a national basis under
joint venture, with Japanese and Islanders providing the inputs they
are each best equipped to provide.
Onshore facilities and manpower
could be provided by the Islanders and technology and markets could be
developed by the Japanese - and capital could come from multilateral
agency or other international sources.
If a suitable formula cannot
be reached between Japanese and Island interests the trend illustrated
by the Western Samoans may be extended - making approaches to alternative
sources of development assistance such as the Taiwanese.
THE NEXT STEP
The development of a lasting, viable, balanced and mutually valuable
relationship between Japan and the Pacific Islands in the South Pacific
Commission area is too important to all parties to be left to chance.
Those involved with this early stage of the relationship need to consider
their activ~ties within the perspective of the overall relationship.
The problems of scale accentuates the need for a complex array of interrelationships that must involve a number of governments, international
organisations and private companies and associations over a number of
years.
For the leaders of the mini states the prospect of negotiating with
Japan is daunting - Tokyo looks like the head on a colossus when viewed
from the South Pacific by people unfamiliar with the processes of
Japanese decision making.
A marketing activity that may look logical
from Suva would be found to require a great deal more time, expertise
and money when launched in Kasumigaseki, Tokyo's government centre.
An
investment act that looked simple and profitable from Tokyo can be found
to raise all manner of suspicions when apparently safely launched in
Vila, capital of the New Hebrides condominium.
In the British Solomon Islands the Japanese have already run up
against problems caused by complex traditional communal land ownership
arrangements - and similar issues could face Japan anywhere in the
South Pacific.
Problems arising from Japanese ignorance of polynesian,
melanesian and micronesian customs, laws and traditions; tensions
arising from the Japanese attitude to non Japanese races; and simp1e
problems like language in the way of insecure and inflexible Japanese
businessmen could sabotage the effort more level headed people might be
able to proviqe.
10
In this situation simultaneous leadership is required in a n~~er of
areas of activity - so that the maximum of forethought may be applied to
a situation that could get out of hand.
Current attitudes and policies in Japan - which is starting to look
at the broader implications of its foreign policy - and in the Islands where self determination is a fact of political life - suggest that the
months ahead could be particularly suitable for activity that usefully
links Japanese and South Pacific potential.
An initial survey, a grouping of Japanese interests, a meeting of
Japanese and Island minds and follow through activity by a variety of
interests operating through different channels could be triggered off by
a positive response to the ideas discussed above.
For resource dependent Japan, keen to find stable supplies of
minerals and timber for industry and construction, keen to find unpolluted
fish, fruit and vegetables for deprived consumers, keen to find a source
of labour to produce for contemporary needs the Pacific Islands offer
great promise.
For miniscule Island communities Japan with its
exportable capital, its range of wealthy domestic markets, its technology
and its place in world affairs offers great promise to range alongside
their other international options.
If the relationship is ventured into with foresight, the Japanese
and the Pacific Islanders could find a lot in common.
Asia Pacific Research Unit Publications
Foreign Reports from this and previous series can be purchased from
the Research Unit.
* Asian Developments Affecting the South Pacific 1971-73
Ten part series, $10.00 the series
$ 1.25 singly
* Political and Economic Reports on the South Pacific 1970
Some single copies still available at $1.00 each
Seven part booklet of country reports $7.00
Regional (Future trends in regional co-operation
Reports (Reforming the South Pacific Commission
(Developments in aviation, shipping and tourism
(The great powers, the international organisations and the mini
states
Country
Reports
(Tonga
(Fiji
(Western and American Samoa
(The Cook Islands
(French Polynesia
(New Caledonia
(Western Pacific High Commission
The New Hebrides
British Solomon Islands & Gilbert & Ellice Is. Colony
(Papua New Guinea and Bougainville
For information about back numbers, subscriptions and bulk order
discounts, contact APRU, Box 3978, Wellington.
PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY
ASIA PACIFIC RESEARCH UNIT Professional directory - a classified guide to research,
writing and publishing services. Entries are available to advertisers at a fee and to associates·
of the Asia Pacific Research Unit by special arrangement.
Enauiries to Box 3978. Wellington, New Zealand.
Asia Pacific Research Unit associates in:
AUCKLAND, WELLINGTON, RAROTONGA, PAPEETE, APIA, PAGOPAGO,
NUKU'ALOFA,SWA,NOUMEA, VILA,
HONIARA, BOUGAINVILLE, RABAUL,
PORT MORESBY, CANBERRA, SYDNEY, MELBOURNE, JAKARTA, SINGAPORE, KUALA LUMPUR, BANGKOK,
MANILA,
VIENTIANE,
SAIGON,
?HNOM PENH, HONGKONG, TOKYO
AND BEYOND.
CONSULTANTS
Pita Alailima: economist and politician. operates from Western Samoa.
Address: Alafua Agricultural College,
or Parliament Buildings, Apia. Western
Samoa.
Philip Ashenden: an economics
graduate of Victoria University of
Wellington and Hitotsubashi University
of Tokyo, speaks English and
Japanese, is a consumer marketint
consultant, operating from Tokyo.
Address: APRU Liason office Box
1226, Tokyo Central. Japan. Ph.
241-7443.
Christopher Beck: writer on Asian/
Australian affairs, operates from Melbourne. Address: Chrisbeck Pty Ltd, 2
Lexton Grove, Armadale 3143. Cables;
CHRISBECK
MELBOURNE.
Ph
516472.
Felicia Chen: economist. operates
from Kuala Lampur. Address: Malaysian Industrial Development Finance
Berhad, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lampur,
Malaysia.
Charles Draper: economist and
financial writer. operates from Bangkok. Address: Economic Cooperation
Centre for the Asian and Pacific
Region, NEDB Building, 962 Krung
Kasem Road, Bangkok I. Cable:
ECOCEN. Phone: 820181.
Michael D~nn: speaking English/
Japanese, importer with four years
experience of· Business in Japan.
Address 204 Bun kyo Mansions 67-9,
5-Chome, Hon Komagome, BunkyuKu, Tokyo Phone: 8222988.
Dr Kevin Clements: lecturer on
Asian political systems, Address: Dept.
of Sociology, University of Hong·
kong, Pokfullum Road, Hongkong,
Anthony Haas: writer on International relations in Asia and the
Pacific, operates between Wellington
and Tokyo. Address: Pahiatua NZ,
Box 3978 Wellington. and Tokyo
Central Box 1226. Japan. Ph 2417443 Tokyo. Cables: Haaspress,
Wellington and Pahiatua.
Lei Lelaulu: current affairs commentator, operates from New Zealand on
the Pacific Islands; from Japan, Southeast Asia and Europe. Address: c/o
Bob Hsi, 602 China Underwriters
Building, 51 Des Voeux Road. Hongkong.
Hugh Mabbett: economic and
political journalist specialising on
Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.
Address: 66 Jalan Tandok. Kuala
Lampur 2203. Ph 201385.
W.R.A.
Manson:
broadcaster.
operates from Wellington and Bangkok
in Southeast Asia. Address: Kereru
Road. Eastbourne, Wellington, New
Zealand.
Professor T.G. McGee: urban
geographer, author 'The Southeast
Asian City'. Address: Dept of Geography, University of Hongkong, Pokfullum Road, Hongkong.
.J.R. McComish: university lecturer
and market researcher, operates from
Palmerston North. Address: Market
Research Centre, Massey University
of the Manawatu. Palmerston North,
R.S. Mountain: international civil
servant specialising on youth and
community affairs, operates from
Brussells in Europe, Asia and New
Zealand. Address: 212 Avenue Van
Overbeke, Brussels, 1080,
Benjamin C. Osias: Journalist and
management - communications consultant, Address: 90 Magallanes
Avenue, Makati. Rizal. Manila, Philippines. Cable: GILSAN ASPRESS
MANILA. Phone: 871168 Manila.
.J.R. Rippin: former Economist Intelligence Unit managing director, operating in transport and other economic
research trans taman and in the
Pacific Islands from Melbourne.
Address: P.O. Box 154, Eltham 3095,
Melbourne, Australia.
G. Rousseau: politician, and economic and political writer operating
from Noumea. Address: Boite Postale
110 Noumea, New Caledonia. Cable:
Rousseau BP 110.
D.A. Shand: university lecturer and
and specialist in local and national
government finance. operating from
Wellington.
Address:
Dept
of
Accountancy, Victoria University, Box
·196 Wellington, New Zealand. Ph
46046, Cables: Haaspress. Wellington.
R. Thompson- writer on air and seatransport, operating from Sydney. Formerly of the Australian, Sydney. Address; 12 Girilang Avenue, Vaucluse,
Sydney, Australia.
S • .J. Tilak: specialist in labour economics operating from Kuala Lampur.
Address: Box 72, Petaling Jaya,
Malaysia. Ph 51868, PJ.
Dick Wilson: writer on Asian economic and political affairs, former Far
Eastern Economic Review editor.
opera.ting now from Singapore and
London. Address: 67 Grove Lane.
Camberwell, London SE 5. Ph
7035977 London.
TRANS-TASMAN
a privately circulated
weekly newsletter
published from Wellington,
is read by
Cabinet Ministers,
top public servants,
leading businessmen
and diplomats
each Friday morning.
For whg?
It provides
an exclusive information
service about events.
and opportunities
on both sides of the Tasman,
and further afield.
It contains
advance knowledge of
Government policy,
and the trends of events
in New Zealand and Australia.
Now completing its
fourth year,
Trans-Tasman News Service Ltd.
is associated with
Australian Press Services
Pty. Ltd.
of Sydney and Canberra.
Enquiries-to: Trans-Tasman,
P.O. Box 377, Wellington
Central Box 1226, Tokyo