4th Six Weeks Test Review
Salutary neglect- an American history term that refers to the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century British
Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient
to England. As a result colonies developed a strong tradition of self-government.
Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson- defined unalienable rights for Americans (life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness.)
The purpose of the Articles of Confederation was to facilitate a way for the colonies to finance the American
Revolution, negotiate treaties and have a federal government that was not too powerful.
Northwest Ordinance- established a new method for admitting states into the union
Anti-Federalists were concerned that the Constitution did not protect individual rights and that states were
giving too much power to the federal government. This lead to a Bill of Rights.
Federalists felt that checks and balances (each branch checking the other branches power) was enough to
protect people’s rights.
George Washington- Federalist
Dealt with debt from American Revolution (leads to Whiskey Rebellion)
Political parties developed due to differences between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson who
disagreed about how the economy of the United States should develop.
Washington’s Farewell Address- avoid political parties (spirit of party) and avoid forming foreign alliances
(isolationism, avoid forming “attachments.”)
John Adams- Federalist
Alien & Sedition Acts (punish Democratic-Republicans), XYZ Affair (France)
Henry Clay’s American System- Capitalism: limited government interference, prices are based on supply and
demand, and owned by private individuals who are trying to make a profit.
Clay wanted to fund transportation systems: EXAMPLE- Erie Canal. A canal would cause cities to rise.
Since the Erie Canal is built in the Northeast (New York) then cities in that region would grow quickly
due to increase in goods being transported.
Thomas Jefferson- Democratic-Republican
Louisiana Purchase- 1803 doubled the size of the country, gave US control of the Mississippi River.
Marbury v Madison- John Marshall’s Supreme Court showed that it was the judiciary’s job (the federal court’s
job) to determine if laws were constitutional or not (judicial review)
Embargo Act of 1807- restrict all trade with foreign countries. The purpose was to get Britain and France to
stop restricting US trade ( which they were doing through ship attacks.)
4th Six Weeks Test Review
James Madison- Democratic-Republican
War of 1812- began because of sailor impressment, ended w/Treaty of Ghent. Wars, such as this one cause
manufacturing in a country to increase, which generally helps the economy.
James Monroe- Democratic-Republican
Era of Good Feeling- nationalism feeling
Monroe Doctrine- Europe should not colonize in the Americas
John Quincy Adams- Democratic-Republican
Him being chosen lead Jackson to form Democratic party. Created disunity and ended Era of Good Feeling.
Andrew Jackson- Democrats
Common Man, Manifest Destiny- American settler ideal that it was their destiny to spread across the
continent
Inauguration- the most crowded and well attended of any until then (over 10,000 people.)
Nullification Crisis- came about because some states (South Carolina) felt they had the right to overrule an act
passed by Congress (high tariffs.)
Indian Removal Act- Cherokee challenged this in the Supreme Court and won, however Jackson and Martin
Van Buren ignored resulting in Trail of Tears (evicting the Cherokee from their land.)
Further wars with native peoples were due to the adoption of Indian Removal policies throughout the next
several decades (1830s, 40s, 50s, etc)
Annexation of Texas- 1845, Lead to Mexican-American War. Ended with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
and the Mexican Cession (took half of Mexico.)
Gadsden Purchase- 1852 purpose was the build a railroad on flat land and help settle the new territory from
the Mexican-American War.
Immigrant groups- Chinese, Forty-Niners, etc. from the gold rush (economic boom) in the West. Irish became
part of the gold rush after a famine (failure of potato crop) in Ireland.
American Progress by Gast- School book is a symbol of knowledge. A telegraph wire is a symbol of technology.
Columbia is bringing European civilization ideals across the country as Manifest Destiny is being completed.
Northern territories- urban and manufacturing
Southern territories- rural and agricultural
Western territories- wild and settlement underway