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LADDER
SAFETY
Presentation by: JOHN LOGAN
SSNS OH&S Trainer
FALLS
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Falls are the cause of
50% of the serious
injuries & fatalities in
construction and high
in other sectors.
Most serious falls
occur with ladders.
Figures from C.S.A.O.
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A study of 1,954 fatal falls in the U.S.
construction industry between 1985 and
1993 found that:
one in ten fatal falls was from a height of less than three
metres.
22 per cent involved heights of just four to six metres.
one third of all fatal falls are from less than 20 feet -below the height of an average extension ladder or the
peak of a one-story bungalow.
Ladders and roofs are also the most common sources of
fatal falls.
Note the top of the ladder!
F
t
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Ladders are fall hazards
Ladders must be stabilized and
extend at least 3.3 feet above the
roof edge.
Both hands must be free when
climbing a ladder.
REGULATIONS
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A Fall Protection System shall be used where
workers could fall 10 feet (3 meters) to a safe
surface, or where a fall from a lesser height
could result in an injury. The maximum allowable
free fall is 4 feet.
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Fall Protection while climbing portable ladders is
considered to be three point contact.
REGULATIONS
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When working less than 10 feet above
water (or other drowning hazard),
a PFD must be worn, more than 10 feet
above water requires a fall arrest system.
Part II 15
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A Ladder must be inspected daily by a
competent person.
COMPETENT PERSON
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A ladder must be inspected daily by a
competent person.
The Department of Labour defines a competent
person as “ qualified because of that person’s
knowledge, training, and experience to do the
assigned work in a manner that will ensure the
health and safety of every person in the
workplace, and knowledgeable about the
provisions of the Act and Regulations that apply
to the assigned work, and about potential or
actual danger to health or safety associated with
the work.”
Canada C.S.A. Standards
Class 1: Industrial use-heavy duty ladders.
The least sway and movement. Most durable.
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Class 2: Construction grade. Good stability, durability.
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Class 3: Household use. Not meant for continuous
duty. Lots of sway & movement. Not durable.
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Fiberglass ladders are Class 1.
FALL ARREST
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PPE Fall Arrest generally consists of a Full Body Harness, a
Lanyard, and an Anchorage capable of supporting 5000
pounds.
Note the post-fall position, a sternum D-ring mount would put
the victim in a vertical position
FALL ARREST SYSTEM
Full Body Harnesses
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Classification
4.
Class L – Ladder Climbing –
1.
2.
3.
front D-ring on belt
or sternal D (D’s) attached to shoulder
straps
Make sure the system is CSA certified
ROPE GRABS
CSA Standard Z259.2.1
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Read the manufacturer’s
information & know the
operating procedures.
Inspect for broken or
missing parts.
Ensure the arrow is
pointing towards the
anchor.
Keep the rope grab
positioned as high as
possible.
Ensure the rope grab is a
match for the rope being
used.
Must be free moving for
ladder climbing.
ROPE GRABS
SAFETY ROPE
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CSA Standard CSA Z259.2.1
Minimum 5/8 inch polypropylene or 5/16”
(8 mm) wire rope.
Must be free of knots & splices except at
termination points.
One person to a rope.
Preferably have spliced eye with thimbles.
Must be secured at bottom for ladder
climbing and N.S. Regulations
CARABINERS
Rated for a minimum
of 4000# 17.8 kn.
Carabineers must be
self locking.
Inspect for any
damage.
A RETRACTABLE LIFELINE
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An excellent form of
Fall Protection for
permanent ladders or
those used used
regularly.
Permanent Ladders
(includes fixed scaffold ladders)
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Reg.s refer to ANSI
Standard: calls for ring
guard or platforms at
regular intervals.
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Permanent Fall Arrest
systems provide
increased Safety and Due
Diligence.
Fixed ladders components:
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Rungs: all fixed ladders have rungs, 12" on center (measured as
the distance from the centerline of a rung to the centerline of the
next rung), and at least 16" clear width.
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Side members: the rails on the side of the ladder that are designed
that the foot cannot slip off the end.
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Stand-off Brackets: stand-off brackets must be at least 7" longer
than the furthest obstruction for clearance on the back side of
ladder. This means that if there is a 4" gutter projecting from the side
of a building, a fixed ladder would have to have standoff brackets
that were at least 11" (7" + 4") in length.
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Cages: Cages are optional for fixed ladders with a floor to floor
elevation of less than 20', however they are often available for
ladders with elevation changes down to 11'. Cages are mandated to
begin between 7' and 8' from the ground and extend the entire
length of the ladder. Cages can have left hand or right hand exits
(opening in side of cage), top exits (for exit through a hatch or floor
door), or walk through exits (for exit through back side of fixed
ladder.
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Use CSA Class 1 or 2 ladders
only.
Inspect daily before use.
Use non-conductive ladders near
electricity.
Ensure base is secured.
Set at a four – one angle.
Have someone hold the ladder
until secured.
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Tie off at top where used for
access as soon as possible.
1 meter (3.3 feet) minimum
stickup.
Climb using 3 point contact.
Keep your belt buckle within rails.
If working from a ladder use fall
protection.
Ladders are to be inspected daily by a competent person.
Ladder Safety
• Steady a ladder for
the first man going to
the roof.
• The first man up must
tie off or secure the
top of the ladder.
• In traffic areas tape
off an adequate
space.
JOB BUILT LADDERS
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Follow regulations for construction. OSGRs
Do not paint. (hides defects)
Built and inspected by a competent person.
STEPLADDERS
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Ensure stable base.
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Lock spreader.
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Keep your body within
side rails.
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Keep waist below
level top of ladder.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
OSGRs
Minimum Distance
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3 metres (10')
5 metres (16.5')
6 metres (20')
6 metres (20’)
Voltage Rating of Power line
750 to 69,000 volts
69,000 to 138,000 volts
over 138,000 volts
unknown voltage
Whenever possible use
alternatives.
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For access:
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Use stairs instead of a ladder.
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Access roofs through hatches from inside
buildings where possible.
Whenever possible use
alternatives.
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For work :
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Use man lifts, buckets, scissor lifts, zoom
booms, forklift work cages.
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Use scaffolds-frame scaffold, rolling scaffolds,
suspended access equipment (swing stage,
bosun’s chair, crane work cages).
STAIRWAYS
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For jobs that will have
a lot of travel up &
down a staircase is
the preferred form of
access.
Information on ladders:
ƒ
Can-CSA
CAN3-Z11
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N.S. Occupational Safety General Regulations
Part13
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N.S. Fall Protection/Scaffold Regulations
Part 2
ƒ
Canada Labour Code Part II
2.6
ƒ
ANZI Standard
A14.3-1992 Fixed Ladders