Reproduction
Topics
Cell division and reproduction
1. Asexual reproduction
2. Chromosome numbers
3. Meiosis and the production of gametes
Sexual Reproduction
1. In microorganisms
2. In plants
3. In animals
What to Read
Chapter 26 pp 560 – 561
Chapter 8 pp 128 – 131
Chapter 26 pp 566 – 568
Chapter 15 p 306
Chapter 16 p 326
Chapter 28 pp 627 – 630
Chapter 26 pp 561 - 562
Vocabulary
Alternation of generations
Anther
Asexual reproduction
Autosomes
Binary fission
Budding
Carpel
Clone
Conjugation
Crossing over
1
2
3
4
5
6
Diploid
External fertilization
Fragmentation
Gametes
Haploid
Homologous
Internal fertilization
Karyotype
Meiosis
Oogenesis
Polar body
Pollen
Regeneration
Sepal
Sex chromosomes
Somatic cell
Spermatogenesis
Spore
Stamens
Stigma
Zygote
Targets
Describe the reproduction in plants and animals.
Explain the importance of meiosis in maintaining chromosome numbers.
Identify the stages of meiosis.
Infer the advantages of a dominant diploid stage in the life cycle of plants and animals.
Relate the process of fertilization in flowering plants to their successful domination of land
environments.
Compare internal and external fertilization.
1
Blue (RI 340)
2
Green
(PS 140)
Questions to Consider
Create a concept map using the following words: meiosis, gametes, fertilization, haploid,
asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, pollination, diploid. Start with the word
REPRODUCTION and branch from there. Add as many other concepts from the chapter as
you can. Be sure to include appropriate linking words for all concepts.
A mule is the offspring of a horse and a donkey. A donkey sperm contains 31
chromosomes and a horse egg 32 chromosomes, so the zygote contains a total of 63
chromosomes. The zygote develops normally. The combined set of chromosomes is not
a problem in mitosis, and the mule combines some of the best characteristics of horses
and donkeys. However, a mule is sterile; meiosis cannot occur normally in its testes or
ovaries. Explain why mitosis is normal in cells containing both horse and donkey
chromosomes, but the mixed set of chromosomes interferes with meiosis.
3
Green
(BS 584)
4
Green
(BS 638)
5
6
Blue (RI 340)
Blue (RI 340)
7
Blue
(UC 341)
When a couple uses in vitro fertilization to produce a baby, they are faced with some
novel choices. Typically, more embryos are produced than will be used during any one
procedure. Thus a subset of prepared embryos has to be chosen for implantation.
(1) How should the decisions about which embryos to use be made? (2) Should parents
have the right to choose embryos based on the presence or absence of disease-causing
genes? (3) Should parents be able to choose embryos for implantation based on any
criteria they like?
Cloning is a fiercely debated topic in our country. Most of the ethical debates concerning
cloning center on the cloning of animals. There is not much talk about the cloning of
plants. (1) Do you have the same opinion about cloning plants and animals? Why or why
not? (2) Do you think that they should be similarly regulated? (3) What unique problems
might each present?
Explain how insects help pollination in flowering plants.
What adaptations in aquatic animals help ensure that external fertilization will occur?
What adaptations in terrestrial animals help ensure that internal fertilization will occur?
Explain why chromosomes cannot be referred to strictly as maternal or paternal after
meiosis has occurred.