Unit: 4.1
Name:
Section Title: Basics of Kingdom Protista
Latin Root Word:
Review of Old Information: NONE
New Information: Complete the notes in the spaces below.
Classification:
• Kingdom Protista contains ____________________ main groups of organisms.
1. Protozoa:
2. Algae:
3. Slime & Water Molds:
Basics of Protozoa:
• Unicellular
• ____________________ unlike bacteria
• ____________________ different species
• Heterotrophic
• __________ - __________ OR parasitic
• Habitats include _______________________________________________________________
Protozoa Reproduction:
• __________ protozoa can use _______________ reproduction through binary or multiple fission.
• __________ protozoa reproduce sexually through ___________________.
Special Protozoa Adaptations:
• Eyespot:
• Cyst:
Basics of Algae:
• __________ - __________ protists
• __________ unicellular; __________ multicellular
• Make food by _________________________
• Were classified as plants, but…..
• Most aglal cells have ___________________ (
• Can use asexual OR ____________________ reproduction.
Algae Structure:
• Thallus:
• Body Structure:
1. Unicellular:
)
2. Colonial:
3. Filamentous:
4. Multicellular
Basics of Fungus-like Protists:
Slime Molds:
Water Molds:
Activity:
In each of the circles below, sketch a species of microorganism you observe
under the microscope and answer the questions that follow.
1)
a.
Is the species animal-like, plant-like, or a fungus-like protist?
_______________________________________________
b. How can you tell? _________________________________
______________________________________
c. Using the pond life guide, can you identify the species name
of your microorganism? _____________________________
2)
a.
Is the species animal-like, plant-like, or a fungus-like protist?
_______________________________________________
b. How can you tell? _________________________________
______________________________________
c. Using the pond life guide, can you identify the species name
of your microorganism? _____________________________
3)
a.
Is the species animal-like, plant-like, or a fungus-like protist?
_______________________________________________
b. How can you tell? _________________________________
______________________________________
c. Using the pond life guide, can you identify the species name
of your microorganism? _____________________________
4)
a.
Is the species animal-like, plant-like, or a fungus-like protist?
_______________________________________________
b. How can you tell? _________________________________
______________________________________
c. Using the pond life guide, can you identify the species name
of your microorganism? _____________________________
5)
a.
Is the species animal-like, plant-like, or a fungus-like protist?
_______________________________________________
b. How can you tell? _________________________________
______________________________________
c. Using the pond life guide, can you identify the species name
of your microorganism? _____________________________
Unit: 4.2
Name:
Section Title: Classifying Protozoa
Latin Root Word:
Review of Old Information: None
New Information: Complete the notes in the spaces below.
Protozoa Phyla:
• Protozoa are classified into ______________ phyla:
1. Sarcodina (_____________________)
2. _____________________ (cilia)
3. Zoomastigina (___________________)
4. ___________________ (none)
• Four phyla are separated by how the phyla ______________.
Phylum Sarcodina:
• __________________ species that live in fresh and salt water, and soil
• Movement uses ______________ (Pseudo= false, pod= feet) by the process of
__________________ ____________________.
• Feed through ___________________ where pseudopodia surround food to form a food vacuole
• Ex: _______________ (some parasitic)
• Entamoeba histolytica (causes __________ and __________ __________)
The Contractile Vacuole:
Phylum Ciliophora:
• Members of genus Paramecium are among the most studied ciliates
• Movement through cilia: hair like projections that line cell membrane
• Heterotophic
• Found in freshwater and saltwater
• Have the most complex anatomy of protozoa
Internal structure
Function
Pellicle
Oral Groove
Funnel depression leads into mouth pore
Cilia sweep food from oral groove into the mouth pore
Gullet
Forms food vacuoles that circulate through cytoplasm
Anal pore
Macronucleus
Used to exchange genetic material necessary for sexual reproduction
Phylum Zoomastigina:
• Characterized by the presence of one or more _____________________
• Found in __________ AND __________
Parasitic Flagellates (Genera Trypanosoma):
Name of Disease
Vector
Trypanosomiasis
(sleeping sickness)
Chagas Disease
Symptoms
Fever, lethargy, mental deterioration
Kissing bug
Sand flies
Contaminated water
Severe diarrhea, intestinal cramps
Phylum Sporozoa:
• Most species are ___________
• __________ movement
• Complex Life cycle: produce infective form of parasite called a spore
–______________ ______________ (toxoplasmosis)
–Plasmodium (______________)
Malaria:
• Largest worldwide epidemic in history
• Plasmodium sp.: causes malaria
• Malaria: infects between __________ and __________ million people every year
• Control through __________ __________, oils, insecticides, anti-malarial drugs
• Progression of Symptoms:
1.
2.
Activity:
Complete the questions in the spaces below
1. A ______________________________ is anything that is not a plant, animal, or fungi.
2. What does the word "protist" mean? ____________________________________________
3. One way to classify protists is according to the way they obtain ____________________________
4. Protists that are heterotrophs are called __________________________ protists; protists that are autotrophs are
called ____________________________ protists.
5. What does the word "protozoa" mean? ___________________________________
6. How are the four phyla of protozoa distinguished from one another? _________________________
7. What are flagella? ________________________________________________________________
8. Animallike protists that swim using flagella are classified in the phylum _______________________
9. Sarcodines are ________________________ protists that use ___________________________ for feeding
and movement.
9. What are the best known sarcodines? _______________________
10. ______________________________ movement occurs when the cytoplasm of the cell streams into a
pseudopod, and the rest of the cell follows.
11. Label the ameba
A _____________________
B ______________________
C _____________________
12. Organisms that use cilia for movement are classified into the phylum _________________________
13. What are the two types of nuclei found on a paramecium? _________________________________
14.In ciliates, cilia sweeps food particles into the ______________________________
15.What is the function of the contractile vacuole? __________________________________________
16. The expelling of excess water via the contractile vacuole is one of the ways a paramecium maintains ____________________________________________
.
17. ________________________________ allows a paramecium to exchange genetic material.
18.Members of the phylum _______________________ do not move on their own and are parasitic.
19. Name two diseases caused by animallike protists
___________________________________
____________________________________
20. Infection by giardia can cause severe ___________________________________
Unit: 4.3
Name:
Section Title: Classifying Algae
Latin Root Word:
Review of Old Information: NONE
New Information: Complete the notes in the spaces below.
Algae Classification:
• _______________ Phyla
• Based on:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Phylum Chlorophyta:
• _______________ algae
• _______________ species
• Unicellular, colonial, or multicellular
• _______________ AND terrestrial
• Believed they gave rise to ______________ _______________.
Phylum Phaeophyta:
• _______________ algae
• _______________ species
• Mostly marine- ________________ and _______________
• Large, multicellular (Ex. _______________)
• _____________________- gives it brown color
Phylum Rhodophyta:
• ______________ algae
• 4,000 species
• Mostly marine seaweeds; ________________ than brown algae
• Colors vary b/c of different depths
• _______________- inside cell walls; used in cosmetics, gel capsules, some cheese, and ________
Phylum Bacillariophyta:
• “Diatoms”
• _______________ ______________ for cell walls
• 11,500 species
• ______________ and _______________
• Important ______________ in food webs
• Diatomaceous earthPhylum Dinoflagellata:
• “______________________________”
• 1,100 species
• Usually ____________________; mostly _____________________
• Most have two flagella of unequal length
• Can produce ___________________________ and __________________________.
Phylum Chrysophyta:
• “____________________” algae; color from “carotenoids”
• _______________ species
• Most ______________ _______________
• Form “____________________” to survive in harsh environments
• 2 flagella; ____________________ length
• Important in formation of _______________ deposits
Phylum Euglenophyta:
• ____________________ algae called “euglenoids”
• ____________________ species
• Live in fresh water, soil, and animal digestive tracts
• ______________________; highly ________________
• Lack _______________ ________________
Activity:
Complete the questions in the spaces below
1) Algae are _____________________________-like organisms that make food by
________________________ (“autotrophic protists”).
2) What are the two reasons algae are NO LONGER classified as plants?
3) The name for the organelle in most algal cells that makes and stores starch is called
________________________.
4) The body portion of algae is referred to as the ________________________.
5) Match the type of body structures found in algae with their correct descriptions.
_____1. Unicellular
A) Rod-shaped thallus; some anchor to ocean bottom
Ex. Spyrogyra
_____2. Colonial
B) Single-celled thallus; Ex. Phytoplankton,
Chlamydomonas
_____3. Filamentous
C) Large, complex, leaf-like thallus; Ex. giant kelp
_____4. Multicellular
D) Groups of coordinated cells; “division of labor”;
Ex. Volvox
6) Match the following ALGAE PHYLA on the right with their descriptions on the left (ANSWERS MAY
BE USED MORE THAN ONCE).
_____ 1. Diatoms
A) Phylum Chlorophyta
_____ 2. Red Algae
B) Phylum Phaeophyta
_____ 3. Unicellular algae; called “euglenoids”
C) Phylum Rhodophyta
_____ 4. Golden algae; color from carotenoids
D) Phylum Bacillariophyta
_____ 5. Brown Algae; fucoxanthin gives it its color
E) Phylum Dinoflagellata
_____ 6. Green algae
F) Phylum Chrysophyta
_____ 7. Forms diatomaceous earth; used in detergents, fertilizers
G) Phylum Euglenophyta
toothepaste, paint removers, etc.
_____ 8. Important in Petroleum deposits
_____ 9. Produce bioluminescence and “red tide”
_____ 10. Believed to have given rise to land plants
_____ 11. Mostly marine seaweeds and kelps
_____ 12. Lack cell wall; photosynthetic; highly motile
_____ 13. Contains carageenan inside cell walls
_____ 14. Can have unicellular, colonial, or multicellular body structure
_____ 15. Used in cosmetics, gel capsules, some cheese, and agar gel
Chapter 27: Section Review 27-1 # 1-5.