ms ottenberg's class
Name ___________________________________ Period _____ Date ________
Chapter 21, Section 1: Guided Reading
Changing Ways of Life
Directions: As you read about life in the 1920s, please answer the questions below.
(1) How were small town life and city life different?
(2) What did the 18th Amendment do?
(3) What were some of the causes of Prohibition?
(4) Who tended to support Prohibition? Why did they support it?
(5) Who tended to oppose Prohibition? Why did they oppose it?
(6) How did criminals take advantage of Prohibition?
(7) Why was Prohibition repealed?
(8) What is “fundamentalism”?
(9) Who were two famous fundamentalists in the 1920s?
(10) During the Scopes Trial, who were Clarence Darrow’s main supporters? Why did they support him?
(11) Who were William Jennings Bryan’s main supporters? Why did they support him?
(12) What was the outcome of the Scopes Trial?
1
Name: _______________________________
Date: ___________________________
The Great Depression (Chapter 22, Section 1)
Read the chapter and in the appropriate box write six bullet points about the specific section.
Economic Troubles on the Horizon
Hoover Takes the Nation
The Stock Market Crashes
Financial Collapse
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For each section on the other side draw a picture representing the
facts that you have written down.
3
Name ___________________________________ Period _____ Date ________
Chapter 23, Section 1: Guided Reading
A New Deal Fights The Depression
Directions: As you read about how the New Deal tried to combat the Depression, please answer the questions below.
(1) Identify: Franklin Delano Roosevelt
(2) What was the New Deal? What were the three general goals?
(3) What plans did Roosevelt make in the four months while he waited to take office?
(4) Why did bank customers return their savings to banks?
(5) What did the Federal Securities Act do?
(6) What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act do?
(7) What did the Civilian Conservation Corps do?
(8) In what two ways did the New Deal attempt to assist the unemployed?
(9) What did the National Industrial Recovery Act do?
(10) How did the New Deal support labor organizations?
(11) Why did people regard FDR’s court packing scheme as a threat to the separation of powers?
(12) Who was Huey Long?
(13) What did Charles Coughlin, Francis Townsend, and Huey Long dislike about the New Deal?
(14) In the chart below, list the problems that Franklin Roosevelt confronted as president and how he tried to solve them.
PROBLEM
SOLUTION
4
Presidents of the 20’s and 30’s
Years in
office
President
Domestic Policies/Events
Political
Economic
Foreign Policies/Events
Social
Warren G. Harding
Political Party:
Vice-President(s):
Calvin Coolidge
Political Party:
Vice-President(s):
Herbert Hoover
Political Party:
Vice-President(s):
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Political Party:
Vice-President(s):
5
Magazine Project
For this assignment, each individual/pair will need to create a magazine for their
assigned topic. Each magazine will have to satisfy the below requirements and
include the list of terms designated for each topic. Magazine will be graded on
inclusion of the following requirements, overall neatness, use of required terms and
general creativity.
Magazine needs to include each of the following:
- Magazine Cover
o Must include magazine title, main picture, and inset picture with title.
- Table of contents
o Must include page numbers and small blurb about each item included.
- Cover Story
o Should be a minimum of two paragraphs.
o Must include picture and be related to cover.
- Articles
o Should be a minimum of two paragraphs.
o Must include picture.
- Letter to the editor
o Should be half a page in length
- Editorial
o Should be half a page in length
- Illustration
o Can be a map, chart, or graph
o Must include a 1-2 sentence explanation of the illustration
- Political cartoon or comic strip
- Advertisement
o Must have at least two advertisements and they need to be related to the
time period
-
Classified Ad
o Must be related to the time period
The following terms must be included in some fashion throughout the magazine:
The fear of communism, Sacco and Vanzetti, Limiting immigration, quote system,
Prohibition, speakeasies, bootleggers, organized crime, clash between science and religion,
Scopes trial, Clarence Darrow, Women in the 20’s, flapper, double standard, the changing
family, entertainment and the arts, George Gershwin, Sinclair Lewis, F. Scott Fitzgerald,
Earnest Hemingway, The Harlem Renaissance, the move north, African-American goals,
Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington.
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New Deal Programs – T-Shirt Design
Name: _________________________
When Franklin Roosevelt was elected President in 1932, the United States was in the middle of the Great depression. To combat the
Depression, Roosevelt made changes that forced the government to take a more active role in the nation’s economy and the lives of its
citizens. Roosevelt’s program was called “The New Deal.” Wildly successful, the New Deal created a broad range of programs
designed to help the nation recover. Americans often took to calling these programs by their acronyms (TVA for the Tennessee
Valley Authority, for example).
YOUR TASK:
Each of you need to create a “New Deal Clothesline” consisting of four (4) t-shirts that describe and showcase a different New Deal
program.
1. Select 4 programs from the categories below, and use the internet to research each.
2. Design a new t-shirt on the blank t-shirt forms (Must Use Color). Each must include:
On Shirt
a. A picture or pictures that explain the program.
b. The full name of the program, as well as the acronym.
c. A catchy/memorable slogan to help remember the program.
Below Shirt
d. A short explanation of the objective of the program.
e. Which one of the 3 R’s that it is a part of.
f. Your name.
Choose any Two (2)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Public Works Administration
Social Security Act
Works Progress Administration
New Deal Programs – T-Shirt Design
Choose any Two (2)
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Fair Labor Standards Act
Civilian Conservation Corp
Tennessee Valley Authority
Name: _________________________
When Franklin Roosevelt was elected President in 1932, the United States was in the middle of the Great depression. To combat the
Depression, Roosevelt made changes that forced the government to take a more active role in the nation’s economy and the lives of its
citizens. Roosevelt’s program was called “The New Deal.” Wildly successful, the New Deal created a broad range of programs
designed to help the nation recover. Americans often took to calling these programs by their acronyms (TVA for the Tennessee
Valley Authority, for example).
YOUR TASK:
Each of you need to create a “New Deal Clothesline” consisting of four (4) t-shirts that describe and showcase a different New Deal
program.
1. Select 4 programs from the categories below, and use the internet to research each.
2. Design a new t-shirt on the blank t-shirt forms (Must Use Color). Each must include:
On Shirt
a. A picture or pictures that explain the program.
b. The full name of the program, as well as the acronym.
c. A catchy/memorable slogan to help remember the program.
Below Shirt
d. A short explanation of the objective of the program.
e. Which one of the 3 R’s that it is a part of.
f. Your name.
Choose any Two (2)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Public Works Administration
Social Security Act
Works Progress Administration
Choose any Two (2)
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Fair Labor Standards Act
Civilian Conservation Corp
Tennessee Valley Authority
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1918-1920
The United States had trouble adjusting to postwar life; discontent and intolerance threatened social order.
After W.W. I most Americans had money. The shortages and rationing had forced many to save much of what they
had earned.
-Many soldiers were coming home with a lot of money.
-People wanted houses, cars, and appliances.
The 1920s
America was in an economic boom.
-wages were rising
-thanks to new technology, so was our productivity.
Americans had more money to spend and more things to spend it on than ever before.
The automobile industry was a key part of our nations prosperity.
- Henry Ford made mass production possible with the use of the assembly line.
By making the assembly line faster, Ford was able to lower the price of his cars.
Cars, once considered luxuries that only the wealthy could afford, came to be seen as necessities by all.
The success of the automobile industry helped the whole U.S. economy.
Due to the Car
flourished since their products
were needed to make cars.
In 1900- most Americans believed that it was wrong to go into debt.
yet with the effects of advertising,
by 1928- more that two-thirds of all furniture, phonographs, and washing machines were bought on credit.
Americans personal debts were rising two and a half times that of their incomes.
The pace of life quickened in the 1920s.
due to: the automobile, and all the new types of entertainment
People had more spare time and spending money than ever before.
became the focus of American culture.
by 1929, almost 40 percent of Americans had radios in their homes.
Before W.W. I - silent movies were being shown in
Now,
for a nickel. (5 cents)
were being built and lavishly decorated with velvet curtains and trim.
People began taking weekly outing to see movies.
The radio and phonograph gave a big boost to the music business.
The most popular music development of the 1920s : Jazz
This decade became known as the “Jazz Age”
Rooted in black spirituals and African folk rhythms, jazz begun in New Orleans in the late 1800s.
-Luis Armstrong and Duke Ellington were two of the founders of Jazz.
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Big Band music sprung up in this age. It was perfect for dancing and Americans danced like never before.
Young women nicknamed
wore short skirts and danced
Charles A. Lindbergh, a 25 yr old pilot flew an airplane named “The Spirit of St. Louis” across the Atlantic ocean. He flew
from New York to Paris.
-This had never been done before.
Many writers emerged in the 1920s. Black writers made valuable contributions to the literature.
They gathered in N.Y. City :
Their literary movement became known as the Harlem Renaissance.
For the first time, black poets and novelists could celebrate black life and make a market for their work.
Divisions in American Society –
In 1900, 42 percent of Americans were farmers.
By 1929, 25 percent were farmers.
When the war was over, there was less demand for food.
Europeans started growing again.
Americans did not have to work as hard, so they ate less.
Less grain was needed since the automobile was replacing the horse.
This made it harder for farmers to get by.
It was difficult to pay off their mortgages.
Many farmers went bankrupt.
Women want their independence !
Social values were changing. Women found that more choices were open to them in the cities.
Women in the cities wore short skirts, and used cosmetics.
-neither had been acceptable in society only a few years before.
Clarence Darrow ---and--- William Jennings Bryant
States started passing laws that prohibited the teaching of Darwin’s theory of evolution.
The ACLU worked with John Scopes to get the law off the books.
John Scopes, a biology teacher in Tennessee ignored the law and continued to teach evolution.
-He was arrested.
The judge let the jury know how he felt by hanging a 10 foot banner behind his head which read
“READ YOUR BIBLE”
Mr. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and fined.
---The law remained in the books. It was illegal to teach evolution.
Black Americans started moving from the farms in the South to the North or any place that there might be less
prejudice.
Many settled in cities such as Philadelphia, Chicago, and New York
Yet they soon found out that racial prejudice followed them wherever they may go.
Kept from many jobs, many started to believe that they would never have justice in a land where they were the minority.
Prohibition
th
The 18 Amendment that was ratified in 1919 stated that it was illegal to manufacture, sell, or transport alcoholic beverages in
the U.S.
Speakeasies – illegal bars sprang up everywhere.
Bootlegging – the illegal sell of liquor became big business.
Respectable people brewed liquor in their basements.
Others paid their doctors to write prescriptions for liquor.
“Since it was o.k. for use as medicine”
Some of the homebrewed liquor was no better than poison. Many died after drinking it.
Criminal gangs made fortunes distributing illegal liquor.
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THE GREAT DEPRESSION
FARMERS STRUGGLE
•During WWI European demand for American crops soared-After the war demand plummeted
•Farmers increased production sending prices further downward
CONSUMER SPENDING DOWN
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•Rising prices, stagnant wages and overbuying on credit were to blame
•Most people did not have the money to buy the flood of goods factories produced
GAP BETWEEN RICH & POOR
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•More than 70% of American families earned less than $2500 per year
HOOVER WINS 1928 ELECTION
•Republican Herbert Hoover ran against Democrat Alfred E. Smith in the Election of 1928
•____________________________________________________________________________________
THE STOCK MARKET
•By 1929, many Americans were invested in the Stock Market
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•The Dow Jones Industrial Average was the barometer of the Stock Market’s worth
STOCK PRICES RISE THROUGH THE 1920s
•Through most of the 1920s, stock prices rose steadily
•The Dow reached a high in 1929 of 381 points (300 points higher than 1924)
SEEDS OF TROUBLE
•Speculation: _________________________________________________________________________
•Margin: _____________________________________________________________________________
THE 1929 CRASH
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•People who had bought on margin (credit) were stuck with huge debts
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•The Great Depression is generally defined as the period from 1929 – 1940 in which the economy
plummeted and unemployment skyrocketed
•The crash alone did not cause the Great Depression, but it hastened its arrival
FINANCIAL COLLAPSE
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•Banks had invested in the Stock Market and lost money
GNP DROPS, UNEMPLOYMENT SOARS
•Between 1928-1932, the U.S. (GNP) – the total output of a nation’s goods & services – fell nearly
50% from $104 billion to $59 billion
•90,000 businesses went bankrupt
•____________________________________________________________________________________
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HAWLEY-SMOOT TARIFF
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•It was meant to protect U.S. industry yet had the opposite effect
•Other countries enacted their own tariffs and soon world trade fell 40%
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•____________________________________________________________________________________
HARDSHIPS DURING DEPRESSION
•Across the country people lost their jobs and their homes
•Some built makeshift Shacks out of scrap material
•____________________________________________________________________________________
RURAL LIFE DURING THE DEPRESSION
•Thousands of farmers, however, lost their land
•Many turned to tenant farming and barely scraped out a living
THE DUST BOWL
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•Wind scattered the topsoil, exposing sand and grit
•The resulting dust traveled hundreds of miles
HOBOES TRAVEL AMERICA
•____________________________________________________________________________________
HOOVER’S PHILOSOPHY
•He believed in “rugged individualism” – the idea that people succeed through their own efforts
•____________________________________________________________________________________
HOOVER TAKES ACTION: TOO LITTLE TOO LATE
•Hoover gradually softened his position on government intervention in the economy
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•He also created the National Credit Organization that helped smaller banks
____________________________________________________________________________________
BONUS ARMY
•That spring about 15,000 World War I vets arrived in Washington to support a proposed bill
•____________________________________________________________________________________
BONUS MARCHERS CLASH WITH SOLDIERS
•Hoover told the Bonus marchers to go home-Most did…however
•____________________________________________________________________________________
11
The New Deal
Essential Understanding: The New Deal altered permanently the role of American government in the economy. It
also fostered changes in people’s attitudes toward government’s responsibilities. Organized labor acquired new rights, as
the New Deal set in place legislation that reshaped modern American capitalism.
1. President Herbert Hoover (1929 –1933)
a. Thought that the economy would fix itself and that the government should not get
involved (_________________)
b. Provided little direct government to the people suffering from the Depression
c. People blamed him for the continuation of the Depression
2. Election of 1932
a. Hoover ran against __________________________
b. Roosevelt promised a “_____________”; Hoover promised “a chicken in every pot”
c. Roosevelt was elected to ____________________
Depression would be fixed.
3. Goals of the New Deal
a. _______________ for the unemployed
b. _______________ for the economy
c. _______________ of the economic systems
4. The New Deal at work
a. Roosevelt’s inaugural address – “we have nothing to fear but fear itself”
b. ___________________ (March – June 1933) – special session of Congress produced
significant legislation to help end the Depression
c. Step 1 of the New Deal: __________________ (March 6, 1933)
i. purpose: ________________________________________
_________________________________________________
ii. government inspected all banks records, banks reopen and people leave their
money in the bank
d. Step 2 of the New Deal: ________________________________
i. goal: create jobs and stimulate the economy, while restoring worker’s selfesteem
ii. The Agencies
Mission
R
R
R
elief:
ecovery:
Program
How did it work?
Employed men and women to do
public works, research and artistic
projects
employed young men on public
works projects
increased government regulation of
crop production and payments to
farmers
constructed dam and power projects
on the Tennessee River
insured all savings in banks, helped
restore confidence in banks
eform:
offered safeguards for workers by
providing unemployment benefits
12
and retirement
United States History
Name: ___________________________
Review Guide – Roaring 20’s to the New Deal
Major Questions, Ideas, and Concepts1. What was Roosevelt’s view of the government’s role during the Great Depression?
2. What was the role of the stock market in the 20’s?
3. What was daily life like during the roaring 20’s?
4. What was Hoover’s view of the government’s role during the Great Depression?
5. What were the causes of the Great Depression?
6. What were the goals of the New Deal (3 R’s)?
7. What did Roosevelt do to help the banks?
8. How did the life of women and African-Americans change during the 20’s?
9. How was daily life impacted by the Great Depression?
10. What brought about the end of the Great Depression?
11. What were some problems with the farming sector during this era?
People, Terms and Other Things1) AAA
12)
2) Amelia Earhart
13)
3) Bank Holiday
14)
4) Black Tuesday
15)
5) Bonus Army
16)
6) Bootlegger
17)
7) Buying on Margin
18)
8) CCC
19)
9) Charles A. Lindbergh
20)
10) Clarence Darrow
21)
11) Keynesian Economics
22)
Dust Bowl
Eleanor Roosevelt
FDIC
Flappers
Frances Perkins
FDR
Fundamentalism
Great Depression
Great Migration
Harlem Renaissance
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
United States History
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
Herbert Hoover
Hoboes
Hoovervilles
Laissez Faire
Marcus Garvey
NAACP
New Deal
Organized Crime
Prohibition
PWA
Rugged Individualism
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
Scopes Trial
Social Security Act
Speakeasy
Speculation
Stock Market
TVA
WPA
William Jennings
Bryan
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
Scopes Trial
Social Security Act
Speakeasy
Speculation
Stock Market
TVA
WPA
William Jennings
Bryan
Name: ___________________________
Review Guide – Roaring 20’s to the New Deal
Major Questions, Ideas, and Concepts1.
What was Roosevelt’s view of the government’s role during the Great Depression?
2.
What was the role of the stock market in the 20’s?
3.
What was daily life like during the roaring 20’s?
4.
What was Hoover’s view of the government’s role during the Great Depression?
5.
What were the causes of the Great Depression?
6.
What were the goals of the New Deal (3 R’s)?
7.
What did Roosevelt do to help the banks?
8.
How did the life of women and African-Americans change during the 20’s?
9.
How was daily life impacted by the Great Depression?
10.
What brought about the end of the Great Depression?
11.
What were some problems with the farming sector during this era?
People, Terms and Other Things1) AAA
12)
2) Amelia Earhart
13)
3) Bank Holiday
14)
4) Black Tuesday
15)
5) Bonus Army
16)
6) Bootlegger
17)
7) Buying on Margin
18)
8) CCC
19)
9) Charles A. Lindbergh
20)
10) Clarence Darrow
21)
11) Keynesian Economics
22)
Dust Bowl
Eleanor Roosevelt
FDIC
Flappers
Frances Perkins
FDR
Fundamentalism
Great Depression
Great Migration
Harlem Renaissance
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
Herbert Hoover
Hoboes
Hoovervilles
Laissez Faire
Marcus Garvey
NAACP
New Deal
Organized Crime
Prohibition
PWA
Rugged Individualism
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