AP European History
Chapter 23: Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815-1850
Name:____________________
Period:__________
Complete the graphic organizer as you read Chapter 23. DO NOT simply hunt for the answers; doing so will leave holes in your
understanding of the text. Be sure to include details regarding political/diplomatic, cultural/intellectual and social/economic themes.
I.
The Peace Settlement
a. The European Balance of Power
What is the “Balance of Power”?
Great Britain
What was the “congress system”?
What did each of the Great Powers gain from the Congress of Vienna?
Austria
Prussia
Russia
France
b. Intervention and Repression
What was the Holy Alliance (1815)?
What did the Troppau Protocol proclaim?
What was the German Confederation?
What were the Carlsbad Decrees (1819)?
c. Metternich and Conservatism
According to Conservative doctrine, what was the proper foundation of state and society?
How did Metternich view Liberalism? What was his opinion about the middle class?
Why did liberalism blend well with nationalism?
Describe the ethnic composition of the Austrian Empire:
Why was the Austrian Empire both strong AND weak?
Why did Metternich HAVE to oppose liberalism and nationalism as the Austrian foreign minister?
II.
Radical Ideas and Early Socialism
What was the common theme among almost all the new ideologies emerging after the Congress of Vienna?
a. Liberalism & Nationalism
Define and summarize the two major ideologies that emerged in 1815:
Liberalism
Nationalism
Explain laissez-faire as defined by Adam Smith in Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), and its impact upon
society:
b. French Utopian Socialism
What were the basic ideas of early French socialism?
Count Henri de Saint-Simon
Compare the efforts and ideas of the following French Utopian Socialists:
Charles Fourier
Louis Blanc
Pierre Joseph Proudhon
c. The Birth of Marxist Socialism
Summarize Marx’s argument in The Communist Manifesto. What was the lasting impact of Marx’s work?
What does Marx mean when he says the “history of all previously existing society is the history of class struggles”?
What is the bourgeoisie?
What is the proletariate?
III.
The Romantic Movement
a. Romanticism’s Tenets
What was Classicism?
Nature
Describe Romanticism, and the romantic artists:
What was the romantic attitude about:
Industrialization
b. Literature
How did romanticism and nationalism reinforce each other in central and eastern Europe?
History
c. Art and Music – Describe the works of the following artists:
Eugene Delacroix
Joseph M. W. Turner
How did romantic composers change the music?
How did romantic music change the composers?
IV.
Reforms and Revolutions
a. National Liberation in Greece
Why did many western nations support the independence of Greece?
John Constable
Caspar David Friedrich
b. Liberal Reform in Great Britain
Why was British society both flexible and stable in the 18th century? How did the aristocracy respond to the French Revolution?
Summarize the Corn Laws of 1815:
What was the significance of the Battle of Peterloo (1819)?
What did the newly-wealthy (and more liberal) English middle class want for society?
Compare the Whig Party and the Tory Party
Tories
The House of Commons
Whigs
Explain the impact of the Reform Bill of 1832 on:
“Rotten Boroughs”
Urban Society
What did each liberal reform movement seek?
The “People’s Charter” of 1838
Anti-Corn Law League
What was the crucial factor in Great Britain’s ability to evolve without revolution?
c. Ireland and the Great Famine
Explain how each of these caused the population of Ireland to grow quickly:
Cultivation of the potato
Early marriage
Exploitation of the peasants
How did the Great Famine impact Ireland:
Socially?
d. The Revolution of 1830 in France
What type of France did Charles X want to reestablish?
Politically?
What happened when Charles X repudiated the Constitutional
Charter in July 1830?
V.
The Revolutions of 1848
Which nations failed to experience
revolutions in 1848?
What were the primary motivations for
revolution in 1848?
What was the end result of the Revolutions
of 1848?
a. A Democratic Republic in France
Why were the French unhappy with Louis Philippe’s “bourgeoisie monarchy”?
Describe the composition of the provisional republic:
Describe the significant changes made by the constitution of the
Second Republic:
Compare the differences within the revolutionary coalition of 1848
Liberal Republicans
Radical Republicans
What did Louis Blanc propose as a solution to the rising unemployment, and what was the ultimate result?
What caused the “June Days” and what was the result?
How did Louis Napoleon gain entry into the Constituent Assembly?
b. The Austrian Empire in 1848
Describe the general trend of events throughout central Europe following the French Revolution of 1848:
Why was the Austrian revolutionary coalition unstable? What was its ultimate undoing?
What were the ingredients in the defeat of the revolution?
c. Prussia and the Frankfurt Assembly
Why did King Frederick William of Prussia reject the Frankfurt Constitution and the position of emperor of the new German national state?
In the space below, outline how you would answer one of the following Free Response Essay Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
Analyze the shifts in the European balance of power in the period between 1763 and 1848.
To what extent did Romanticism challenge Enlightenment views of human beings and of the natural world?
Analyze three examples of the relationship between Romanticism and nationalism before 1850.
Compare and contrast political liberalism with political conservatism in the first half of the 19th century in Europe.