Annex to 3.4.1 Description Of Proposed Measures For Wastewater
Collection, Treatment And Disposal
Contents
Page
EXISTING TREATMENT PLANTS
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ABU NUSEIR----------------------------------------------------------------- SA3-156
AQABA------------------------------------------------------------------------- SA3-161
AS SAMRA-------------------------------------------------------------------- SA3-167
BAQA--------------------------------------------------------------------------- SA3-178
FUHIS-------------------------------------------------------------------------- SA3-183
IRBID CENTRAL----------------------------------------------------------- SA3-187
JERASH EAST--------------------------------------------------------------- SA3-194
KARAK-------------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-199
KUFRANJA--------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-205
MA’AN--------------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-211
MADABA-----------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-216
MAFRAQ-----------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-222
RAMTHA-----------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-228
SALT-----------------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-234
TAFIELAH---------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-238
WADI ARAB-------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-243
WADI ESSIR-------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-248
TREATMENT PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
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WADI HASSAN----------------------------------------------------------------SA3-253
WADI MOUSA-----------------------------------------------------------------SA3-258
PLANNED TREATMENT PLANTS
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AL JEEZA----------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-265
AL MAZAR AL SHAMALI------------------------------------------------SA3-272
DAIR ABI SAID---------------------------------------------------------------SA3-276
DAIR ALLA--------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-281
JERASH WEST----------------------------------------------------------------SA3-286
KOFUR ASAD-----------------------------------------------------------------SA3-290
AQABA SOUTH COAST----------------------------------------------------SA3-295
NAUR----------------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-299
NORTH QUEEN ALIA AIRPORT---------------------------------------SA3-304
NORTH JORDAN VALLEY-----------------------------------------------SA3-311
SHUNA SOUTH---------------------------------------------------------------SA3-319
TORRA--------------------------------------------------------------------------SA3-324
UM AL BASATEEN----------------------------------------------------------SA3-329
WADI SHALLALA-----------------------------------------------------------SA3-330
WADI ZARQA-----------------------------------------------------------------SA3-339
MAZAR, MUTA, ADNANIYA---------------------------------------------SA3-344
DEAD SEA EAST COAST--------------------------------------------------SA3-348
The Study on Water Resources Management in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Final Report/ Supporting Report Part-A “Master Plan”
3. AS SAMRA TREATMENT PLANT
1.
Long term development in Amman-Zarqa River Basin Area
According to the Consultants Study Report the long-term strategy for the Amman-Zarqa
River Basin Area foresees the construction of two wastewater treatment plants:
•
•
As Samra Treatment Plant (a new plant at the present As Samra plant site)
Wadi Zarqa Treatment Plant (a new plant along Wadi Zarqa downstream of
Sukhna)
The basic concept of the long-term development for Amman-Zarqa River Basin Area is
shown in the Figure 3.1 (and also Figure 34.1).
Proposed As Samra Treatment Plant
This treatment plant will serve the majority of Amman area (belonging to Wadi Zarqa
Basin). Collected sewage will be pretreated in Ain Ghazal pre-treatment facilities (AGTP)
and then discharged by a new conveyor (DN 1500, 32 km, completed in 2001).
Proposed Wadi Zarqa Treatment Plant
The treatment plant will receive wastewater flows from the eastern portions of Amman
(Tariq and Marka) as well as Zarqa, Russeifa and Hashimiyya vie a new gravity
conveyance system. The Wadi Zarqa system will also collect and treat wastewater from the
presently unsewered Sukhna Municipality. Details of Wadi Zarqa Plant are given under
Section 34.
2.
Proposed Treatment Plant As Samra
After completion of the proposed treatment plant in Wadi Zarqa the new Treatment Plant
As Samra will receive wastewater from Amman area belonging to Wadi Zarqa Basin only
via the conveyor (DN 1500) presently under construction (see Figure 3.1). Before entering
the conveyor sewage will be pretreated by Ain Ghazal Pretreatment Plant (AGTP).
The new Treatment Plant As Samra will be constructed adjacent to the existing As Samra
wastewater stabilization pond facility (for details of the existing system refer to Section 3
of Annex 3.1). Treatment facilities to be provided will be based on activated
sludge/nitrification/denitrification process with tertiary treatment capability. Facilities
providing for effective nitrogen removal were determined (according to Consultant’s Study
Report) to be required due to the high concentrations (80 to 100 mg/l) of ammonia in the
wastewater from the drainage area. Without effective nitrogen removal, attainment of
Jordanian Standards for discharge of wastewater effluent to wadis and catchment areas
would not be possible and improvements in water quality along Wadi Zarqa and in the
King Talal Reservoir would be limited. Also nitrogen removal will be required for effluent
reuse for irrigation purposes assuming existing cropping pattern continues to prevail.
Sludge generated at the facility will be thickened, digested anaerobically, dewatered (using
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gravity drying beds) and stored on-site for 2 – 3 years prior to disposal through land
application. Figure 3.2 shows the proposed new treatment system.
The projection of the wastewater production is shown in the following table (acc. to
HARZA Study). Final capacity of the treatment plant will be reached
in 2015 (Phase 1):
in 2025 (Phase 2):
267,000 m³/d (2,270,000 connected inhabitants)
420,000 m³/d (3,310,000 connected inhabitants)
Total investment costs of Phase 1 and 2 (for future rehabilitation, expansion and
development measures) based on preliminary design and 1997 prices (HARZA Study) are:
Treatment plant
142.12 million JD
Pre-treatment (Ain Ghazal pretreatment facility)
4,80 million JD
Conveyance (without collection system)
4.80 million JD
Total base costs
Physical contingencies
Engineering
151.72 million JD
18.96 million JD
18.96 million JD
Total investment costs
189.65 million JD
Collection system (Phase 1 and 2)
16.30 million JD
According to the HARZA Study Report proposed measures will be implemented between
2000 and 2015 (Phase 1) and between 2016 and 2025 (Phase 2).
The Ministry of Water and Irrigation intends to construct new treatment facilities in As
Samra applying the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) method. Additionally, the contract will
comprise the takeover, operation and maintenance of the conveyor pipeline from Ain
Ghazal to As Samra including the pretreatment facilities in Ain Ghazal. Bidders for prequalification are invited in March 2000.
3.
Proposed reuse options
Within the frame of the Project “Jordan Water Resource Policy Support” carried out by
USAID/ARD presently opportunities are investigated for using the recycled water from the
As Samra Wastewater Treatment Plant and other treatment plants that discharge into Wadi
Zarqa. These opportunities were to be examined for the Amman-Zarqa, Jordan Valley,
Wadi Zarqa, other Amman-Zarqa sources and groundwater recharge.
A.
Amman-Zarqa
Four options for the Amman-Zarqa were examined (see Figure 3.3a):
• Option HL#1: Hashimiyya, Zarqa and Russeifa project
This option considers the reuse of treated effluents for industrial and other purposes. Reuse
would take place along the axis of the towns Hashimiyya, Zarqa and Russeifa. The existing
Thermal Power Plant and the planned one (both located close to the As Samra Treatment
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Plant) will be included in the industrial facilities supplied by treated effluent. Location of
the project area is shown in Figure 3.3a.
• Option HL#2: Highlands irrigation project
The HL#2 project, as shown in Figure 33.3b, is located approximately 5 km east of As
Samra on either side of the Khaw to Mafraq highway, and could extend to at least 13,400
donums (1,340 ha). The basic components of the conceptual design are a pumping station
at As Samra, a conveyance pipeline and an open reservoir on the north edge of the project
area.
The estimated capital cost for the project is 19.1 mio. JD. The estimated annual cost is 2.6
mio. JD, which is about 0.21 JD/m³ not including on-farm inputs..
• Option HL#3: Wadi Dhuleil and Khalidiyyeh irrigation project
The Dhuleil and Khalidiyyeh irrigation project (Option HL#3), as shown in Figure 3.3c
located approximately 14 km east of As Samra. The most southerly of the three tracts on
Figure 3.3c approximately 10,000 donums of land owned by the Water Authority of Jordan
(WAJ) and includes the existing Dhuleil irrigation project. The present water source
(groundwater) for the project is no longer viable. It is anticipated that this would be the
first phase of new irrigation project with future phases extending to the north, as indicated
on Figure 3.3c. The basic components of the conceptual design for the first phase of the
project are a pumping station at As Samra, a conveyance pipeline that follows the route of
the existing oil pipeline and an open reservoir on the north edge of the project area. The
existing irrigation infrastructure within this tract will reduce the development costs, but
betterment of this system will be required.
The estimated capital cost for the project is 28.2 mio. JD. The estimated annual cost is 3.65
mio. JD, which is about 0.38 JD/m³ not including on-farm inputs..
• Option HL#4: Highlands irrigation distribution network
The highlands irrigation distribution network (Option HL#4) is located in the upper
northeastern area of the Zarqa drainage basin, and is intended to convey water to existing
irrigated farms to exchange for groundwater supplies (see Figure 3.3d). Clearly this is a
very expensive option, involving a 40 km long pipeline to a storage reservoir located at an
altitude of 300 m above As Samra, but it was considered important to investigate if the
value of the groundwater saved is high enough. The conceptual design of the project
comprises two pump stations, a network of large diameter pipes and at least three
strategically placed reservoirs.
The estimated capital cost for the main components of this option, which are the pumping
stations, conveyance pipeline and storage facilities, is estimated to be 44.3 mio. JD. Annual
costs for the same main system will be around 5.7 mio. JD, or about 0.57 JD/m³. This does
not include the extensive distribution system and upgrades to on-farm application systems.
Take into account the above mentioned facts ARD/USAID concludes the following: At
was anticipated from the outset that the options would be relatively expensive, with the
most expensive being located furthest from the treatment plant and highest elevation.
However, because of limitations placed on the scale of the options due to land resources
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(HL#2 and HL#3), and the volume of water presently used (HL#4), the unit cost for
developing and operating each option is found to be higher than anticipated. The range of
initial irrigation infrastructure costs is 18,000 – 36,000 JD/ha, and costs of delivery of
water to field level are estimated at 0.21 – 0.57 JD/m³.
Given these very substantial costs, the preliminary conclusion is that the options under
consideration, or indeed the general concept of pumping recycled water into the highlands
for agricultural use, do not appear economically viable unless the resulting savings in
groundwater are given high values and high-profitable cropping regimes are developed.
There may be only limited potential to offset costs through potential savings in
groundwater. For example, the present 2.5 MCM of groundwater used at HL#3 is already
saline (2,500 – 3,000 mg/l).
B.
Jordan Valley
Effluent of the plant (excess water) not used for agricultural irrigation close to or upstream
of the plant (e.g. in times where the irrigation demand in the upstream areas is low) will be
discharged to the Wadi Dhuleil adjacent to the plant. Finally the treated wastewater will
flow into the King Talal Reservoir. From there water will flow to the Jordan Valley for
ultimate reuse.
Building on previous work, including WQIC, the GTZ Brackish Water Project and
FORWARD, opportunities and constraints of increasing the use of treated wastewater for
irrigation in the Jordan Valley are investigated.
C.
Wadi Zarqa
A preliminary survey of the area has been undertaken, and arrangements have been made
for the image analysis of the highlands to include this area. A preliminary overview of a
potential water reuse option has been generated for this region.
D.
Other Amman-Zarqa Sources
Existing documents have been reviewed with respect to water reuse practices at each of
these sites. Investigation and input on the Mafraq water reuse situa tion by the team
(ARD/USAID) was relevant to this activity with respect to the scale and potential options.
E.
Groundwater Recharge
The public acceptability and technical feasibility of recycled water injection and
groundwater recharge by surface application of wastewater are assessed. The level of
treatment necessary and possible methods is determined. Opportunities for artificial
recharge of groundwater are assessed in regions where groundwater depletion is advancing
such as the highlands area and other areas.
Consultant’s Study Report:
USAID/Harza: “Master plan and feasibility study for the rehabilitation, expansion and
development of existing wastewater systems in Amman- Zarqa River Basin Area. Plan
Year 2025”, July 1997.
ARD/USAID: “Water resource policy support. Pre-feasibility study. Water reuse for
agriculture and/ or forestry in the Amman-Zarqa Highlands (Internal Draft)”, September
2000.
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HL#4
HL#2
HL#3
HL#1
FIGURE 3.3a:
Locations of potential reuse option in the highlands
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