DESIGN REVIEW & PRESERVATION BOARD
SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA
ITEM #6
16 APRIL 1997
MEMBERS IN SESSION:
SUBJECT: 'THEODORE JUDAH SCHOOL - NOMINATION TO 'THE
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
PB97-012
3919 McKinley Boulevard, Sacramento, California
LOCATION:
BACKGROUND:
As the Certified Local Government responsible preservation commission for the City of
Sacramento under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, the Design
Review & Preservation Board has the opportunity to review and comment on the nomination of
the Theodore Judah School to the National Register of Historic Places as to whether or not the
property meets the criteria for the National Register.
Copies of the National Register of Historic Places criteria are attached, as are copies of the
Theodore Judah School National Register nomination.
The nominators have proposed that the property meets National Register criterion: .
A. "...a.ssociated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our history;"
and criterion:
C. "...embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction,
or that repre.sent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that
represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual
distinction;"
RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommend that the Board determines that the Theodore Judah School meets the criteria
for the National Register of Historic Places, relative to both Criteria A and C.
A: This criterion is supported by the nomination findings that:
1) the two units of the school are the only remaining examples of the Public Works
Administration elementary school structures in the City of Sacrarnento, the PWA
program having an extremely significant contribution to the broad patterns of the history
of the United States.
ITEM #6
Page 2
2) the original PWA Theodore Judah School structures are the oldest elementary school
in the City of Sacramento continuously operating in the same buildings, significantly
associated with the history and development of the city and its schools, and as a
testament to the involvement of the city's citizenry in these development efforts.
C: This criterion is supported by the nomination findings that: the structures embody the
distinctive characteristics of a type/period, through their late Depression-era
Moderne/International Modern design, with significant integrity of buildings and original
landscape features.
Respectfully submitted,
Roberta :• Deering
Preservation Director
Attachments
DR-AF-7
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OMB No. 10240018
NPS Form 10-900
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(Rev. 8-86) .
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
REGISTRATION FORM .
1. Name- of Property
historic name:
Theodore Judah School
other name/site number:
2. Location
Theodore Judah School (nee: 'David Lubin Annex')
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street & number:
3919 Mc Kinley Boulevard
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city/town: Sacramento
state: California code: CA county: Sacramento
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not for publication: N/A
vicinity: -N/A
code: 067 zip code: 95819
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3. Classification
Ownership of Property:
Category of Property:
Public-State'
District
Number of Resources within Property:
Contributing
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Non-contributing
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buildings
sites
.structures
objects
To tal
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Number of contributing resources previously listed, in the National Register:
Name of related multiple property listing:
N/A
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4. State/Federal Agency Certification
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As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby
certify that this nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation
standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural
and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property meets
does not meet the National Register Criteria.
• -- •- See continuation sheet. • •
Date
Signature of certifying official
State or Federal agency and bureau:
In my opinion, the property
See continuation sheet. .
meets
does not meet the National Register criteria.
Date
Signature of commenting or other official
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State or Federal agency and bureau
5. National Park Service Certification
I, hereby certify that this property is:
entered in the National Register
See continuation sheet.
____determined eligible for the
National Register
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See continuation sheet.
determined not eligible for the
. National Register •
"..•removed from the National Register
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other (explain):
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Date of Action ,
Signature of Keeper
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6. Function or Use '
Historic:
Education
Sub:
Elementary School
Current:
Education '
Sub:
Elementary School
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7. Description
Architectural Classification:
Other Description:
International Moderne
Art Deco, International Moderne with some Moderne details.
roof:
other:
foundation: concrete
walls: frame/stucco
Materials:
composition
Present and historical physical appearance.
X See continuation sheet.
8. Statement of Significance Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other
Applicable National Register Criteria:
A and
Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) :
N/A'
Areas of Significance:
c
Politics/Government; Social History; Architecture
Period of Significance: - - 19 3 7 -3 9
Significant Date(s): - 1937-39.
Significant Person(s):
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N/A
Cultural Affiliation:
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•.:— e. Keating and 14.. R Peterson
Architect/Builder : Charier P.. Dean/Wiiliam
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Significance of property, and criteria, criteria considerations, and areas_ and periods of .
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significance noted above.
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[Significance] .-:tc : : „..,;.;
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9. Major Bibliographical References
See continuation sheet. [Bibliographical References]
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Previous documentation on file (NPS):
•c:P1';
_ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has
_ previously listed in the National Register
_ previously determined eligible by the National Register
designated a National Historic Landmark
_ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #
recorded by Historic American Engineering Record #
been requested.
Primary Location of Additional Data:
State' historic
historic' pieservation office
Other state agency _
Federal agencY:
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— Local government —
_University
• .:x. Other -- Specify Repository: Sacramento City Unified School District
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•Sacramento City and County Archives •
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10. Geographical - Data Acreagg:Of
UTM References:
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Zone . Eastine Noithing-
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See continuation sheet.
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Verbal Boundary DeseriptiOn: ":"..x2See continuation sheet: , •
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'See continuation sheet.
Boundary Justification:.
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133
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11. Form Prepared By
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Name/Title: •Annet'Earutilani beillavi/Roi;ert
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Date: Ida-ic.ti - 26, 1996 11 ".'
Organization N/A
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State:
City oi Town: 7SitcranientO
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Approval
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Theodore Judah School
Section number: 2 Page 1
Description
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Summary
Theodore Judah School consists of two units amalgamated into one main
building plus several other structures added to the campus following the
completion of the main building in 1939. (Photo 1 - also refer to Exhibit
30 for total site plan). The school, designed by architect Charles F.
Dean, is located on a 5.4 acre site in Sacramento, California. The school's
location in an east Sacramento neighborhood is identified by two major
landmarks - McKinley Park and Theodore Judah School.
:
The two building units of historic significance were constructed separately
as two distinct but related Public Works Administration (PWA) projects in
1937-38 and 1938-39. Unit #1 - six classrooms, boiler room, lavatories,
and enclosed hallway.-_is configured in an IL'_shape.-(Photos 26 and 27)
Unit #2 added a classroom, kindergarten, administration/health office, auditorium, and entry foyer. Unit #2 is the front and eastward extension
of Unit #1. PWA grants financed forty-five percent of the approximately
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$88,000 total construction cost. .
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Both units have retained the integrity of location, design, materials,
workmanship, feeling, and association. The setting has been altered only
by the addition of temporary and/or portable buildings over several years,
the final removal of all the original (1920's) bungalows in 1948, and the
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maturing of the landscaping. (Photos 2 and 3)
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There are only three major changes to the PWA building.
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(1) The wood muntins in most of .the windows:have been replaced with
26, :and 27 and
-:-:-.-aluminum ones due - to deterioration.-1(iExhibits
Photos 2 and 4)
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(2) The brick wall around the small, paved recessed kindergarten play
area on the south side of the building has been replaced by a chain
link/wooden fence because of excessive heat retention in the play
area. The play area has been enlarged, also. (The changes can be
seen by comparing Exhibits 4 and 8 with Photos 1, •5, 7, and 28.)
(3) The incinerator attached to the exterior of the boiler room has
been shutdown. However, the classic, tapered, cement smokestack is in
place, and the original boiler - converted from coal to natural gas is still used to heat the school. (Photos 8, 9, 10, and 11)
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)
••"^"‘
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number: 2 Page 2
Theodore Judah School
0••• ■■■■• ■■■•■■•■ ••■•■■■■■••••••■■■■■■■•■■••■■ •■■•
■•• ■•■■■=.• ■•■•■■■■• ■■■■
••■■■■■•■■■■■ NOND
Theodore Judah School is a one story, single gable, flat roof building.
(Photos 26, 2s, and 29) The auditorium, located at the center of the front
of the school, rises to an approximate two story height and is the
predominate feature of the school. (Photo 4) The school's design, in
keeping with the austerity of the Depression Era, is International Modern
with some Moderns details and Art Deco touches. (Photos 30 and 31). The
simplicity of line and paucity of detail are consistent with the design
style needed to meet the requirements of an.economical, basic PWA project.
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The auditorium has high vertical strip winAows. divided by horizontal
muntins. (Photos 4 and 13; Ekhibit 4 shows the original windows) The entry
porch with a'rounded fascia is supported by round columns. (Photos 4 and
13) These columns flank the glass block transomed entry doors.(Skhibits 4
and 8 and Photos 4, 13, 24, and 25) Other windows have horizontal
*streamline Moderne°_wooden grills. (Photo 14) The exterior entry to the
kindergarten is a scaled down replica of the main entrance. (Photos 4 and
5) _The =Mx= JUDAH SCHOOL letters are also Moderns. Ohoto 12) The entry
foyer is paneled in mahogany (Photo - 16); the auditorium access from the
entry foyer is via two unique _double doors that are covered with pearly'
naugahyde and brass'studs and each has a "large porthole Photo 16; and the
interior hallways are paneled with vertical redwood boards. Photo 18 There
are detailed tile"drinking fountains with a Moderne flavor located in the
hallways. (Photos 18 and 19) Classrooms have transom windows that open
into the hallway. (Photo 20)
In ip9s, through the efforts - Of the alumni, the building was repainted to
its original„,exterior 1937-39 Art Deco colors. (Ekhibits 20 and 20a and
PhOtO 13)
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six'classrooms and a lavatory unit - was added in 1948 as a non
Ihnit43
7.,PWA project temporary_building. (Photos 22 and 23) It is connected to
the'imin hallWay:at . the"east - end of the PWA building. (Photo 22) It, with
*several other temporary'and/or portable buildings, is still in use on the
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campus.
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NPS Form 10-900-a
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
(8-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF IILSTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8_ Page 1
Theodore Judah School
Statement of Significance
Theodore Judah School is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of
Historic Places in categories under Criteria A and C. The school's
eligibility definitively falls into.the Area of Significance in two
categories: (1) Politics/Government and (2) Social History. It also falls
tangentially into the category of Architecture.
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Theodore Judah School is small and undistinguished in appearance and,
except to the trained eye of a preservationist or historian, is dismissed
easily as 'another old school.' However, a perusal of its seven decades of
existence reveals a history of enormous importance.
Its history chronicles not only its own existence but the growth and
development of a neighborhood whose original defining landmarks were three
(1) McKinley Park, (2) the neighborhood pharmacy and grocery store, and (3)
Theodore Judah School. Today, 1996, the mature neighborhood continues to
be a prime, highly desirable (but modest) area in which to live.
However, it is Theodore Judah School's place in President Franklin Delano
Roosevelt's Public Works Administration (PWA) program and the school's
concomitant operating longevity that define it as a candidate for placement
in the National Register. From a one room wooden bungalow in January 26,
1927 through the 'new' building constructed with PWA funds in 1937-39, to
its continuing operation today, it has transversed seven decades of
history. Theodore Judah School is unique in that it so completely
exemplifies the short and long term reasons for and contributions of the
PWA.
• The school, a United States of America Federal Emergency
Administration of Public Works project, is a significant and
integral part of the educational, social, cultural, and economic .
history of the City . of Sacramento and the nation and an example of the enduring impact of government programs in response to economic
and social needs.
The school is.a.n exemplary example of the implementation of PWA
objectives - jobs and improvement of the nation's infrastructure. .
• The school, built in two units, 1937-38 and 1938-39, is a
significant example of basic and functional (almost austere) 1930's
depression-era school construction, engineering, and architecture.,
It, coincidentally,'is a very early example of California's Field
Act (earthquake) engineering.
• The school's longevity - it is the oldest continuously operating
elementary school building in Sacramento City - attests to the
short and long term importance of PWA.
NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)
0MBApprovalNo.1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Theodore Judah School
Section number _8 Page 2
• The school is the only such elementary school building extant in
the city of Sacramento.
On August 30, 1994, the Sacramento City Council recognized the significance
of Theodore Judah School and placed it on the City of Sacramento Official
Historic Register.
Historic Event - the New - Deal and Public Works Administration
In a campaign speech on September 23, 1932, candidate Franklin Delano
Roosevelt first enunciated the fundamentals of his New Deal philosophy. He
followed this by including in his March 4, 1935 Inauguration speech, 'Our
greatest primary task is to put people to work.' Thus the PWA portion of
the New Deal was born.
Early in his administration, President Roosevelt created keystone
resolutions that were passed and enacted. Summarized below, they provided
for the formation of the PWA and the funds for its operation.
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[PUBLIC RESOLUTION - NO. 67 - 73D CONGRESS]
M. R. 5755]
AN ACT
To encourage national industrial recovery, to foster fair
competition, and to provide for the construction of certain
.useful public works, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
Mated States of American in Congress assembled, •
. •
•
(TITLE I omitted)
. TITLE II PUBLIC WOMB AND CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS
-- AN D - [PUBLIC RESOLUTION-NO 11-74TH CONGRESS]
[N.J. Res. 117]
JOINT RESOLUTION
Making appropriations for relief purposes.
NPS Form 10-900-a
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 Page 3
Theodore Judah School
The New Deal, intended to bring economic recovery to the depression-wrought
country, included the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) recommended
by President Roosevelt and authorized by the United States Congress June
16, 1933. This was one of the federal government's major programs
undertaken for this purpose. Title II of the NIRA authorized the formation
of the Public Works Administration (PWA). The PWA was a direct work relief
agency. 'The legislation allocated $3.3 billion to provide jobs, stimulate
business activity, and increase purchasing power through the construction
of permanent and socially useful public works."
The concept behind the program was that construction projects, in addition
to providing employment for the skilled, generated a volume of jobs for
those with minimal skill and in need of training. 2 The PWA provided loans
and grants - in - aid up to 45% of the total cost of the project to states,
municipalities, and other public bodies for schools, public buildings,
hospitals, bridges, dams, conservation, and reclamation, as well as for the
construction of military bases and U.S. Navy ships. Grand Coulee and
Bonneville Dams, 34,000 slum clearance projects, and major capital
improvements to Golden Gate Park (San Francisco) were among the PWA's
activities throughout the nation.
During its initial years (1933-1935) the PWA put projects into 3,040 of the
3,073 counties in all forty-eight states of the United States as well as
its territories and insular possessions (e.g. Hawaii, Alaska, Virgin
Islands and the Panama Canal Zone). All of the PWA projects, whether
improvements or new construction, were considered permanent additions to
the national wealth. Of the $3,760,000,000.00 of the National Industrial
Recovery Act funds, $2,560,000,000.00 were spent on 19,004 PWA construction
projects.
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The California state offices of the PWA were located in the Washington ,
Building in Los Angeles and in the Russ Building in San Francisco..- Administratively, the PWA divided California into twelve districts:
Sacramento was the headquarters for District 2 which included Sutter, Yuba, .
Sierra, Nevada, Yolo, Placer, Sacramento, El Dorado, Solano, and Amador
Counties. An article in The Architect and Engineer in June 1935 described
the state program. It called for '$40,000,000 for urban low-cost housing;
$25,000,000 evenly divided between state trunk roads and town roads; .
$15,000,000 for sixty-seven California Conservation Corps camps; $4,000,000
for a resettlement of 1,500 families now on sub-marginal land, and'
Other items in the program [were]:
$10,000,000 for state buildings
'Otis L. Graham, Jr. and Meghan Robinson Wander, Franklin D. Roosevelt:
His Life and Times, Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1985, P. 336.
2 The PWA was headed by Harold Ickes, Roosevelt's Secretary of the
Interior.
NPSForm 10400-a
(8-86)
OMBApprovalNo.1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL FtEGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 Page 4
Theodore Judah School
— —
Conservation of natural resources, $4,000,000; land liming, $3,500,000;
soil erosion control, $3,000,000; marketing educational service,
S1,000,000; rural electrification, $5,000,000; rural housing, $10,000,000;
state planning board, $5,675,000, and administration, $4,000,000." 3
In the.first six years, 1933 to 1939--the heyday of its existence--and
before PWA was transferred to the Federal Works Agency as part of the
President's Reorganization Plan, the PWA financed 34,508 projects with an
estimated cost of $6,086,000,000.00. .All but three counties in the United
States participated in these cooperative efforts. The impact of PWA
projects upon the nation during its first six years was of such enormity
that Life magazine stated,
Franklin D. Roosevelt has made Cheops, Pericles, Augustus,
Chin Shih Huang Ti, the Medicis, and Peter the Great look
like a club of birdhouse-builders. For one Great pyramid or
Great Wall, PWA has raised up scores of tremendous dams. For
one Parthenon, it has reared thousands of glistening city
halls, courthouses, post offices, schoolhouses. For one 366mile Appian Way, it has laid 50,000 mdles of highway over the
hills and valleys of America. 4
A major commitment of the PWA construction funds was for educational
buildings. The PWA brought new facilities, a high standard of
construction, and safety to school buildings across the nation. It is
estimated that by 1936, over 70 percent of all school construction in the
United States came through the PWA.
On April 10, 1933, AB 2342 by California Assemblyman C. Don Field, the so
called "Earthquake or Field Act", became law in California. The law, which
- was promulgated as a result of the destruction caused by the March 10, 1933 .,
Long Beach earthquake, insured that henceforth all public buildings in ..
California would be earthquake safe. Therefore, all PWA school buildings
, .constructed in California complied with this law.
Local PWA Projects
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Horatio B. Hackett, Assistant Administrator for the United States of
America, Federal Emergency Administrator of Public Works, officially
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offered federal grants and loans to augment local bond money for
construction of public schools to the Sacramento City Unified School'
District.
3 "New Grants on P.W. Projects," The Architect and Engineer, June 1935,
pp. 68-70.
4 "PWA Has Changed Face of U.S.°, Life, (April 1, 1940), p. 62.
NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number
_ 8_ Page 5
Theodore Judah School
There were a number of local actions under President Roosevelt's nationwide effort to. battle the debilitating and continuing effects of the Great
Depression of 1929. Of these, five were major PWA school construction
projects. Most of these projects are in operation today and all have
benefited thousands of kindergarten through junior college students in the
Sacramento Area.
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P.W.A. Docket California 1013 R in 1936-37 provided $221,000 of
the $517,027 to build classrooms, fine arts buildings,
gymnasium, and library 5 at Sacramento City College.
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P.W.A. Docket California 1958-F in 1938-40 provided 45% of the
$688,133 to build the home economics, engineering, aeronautics,
and cafeteria/student management buildings at Sacramento City
College.
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P.W.A. Docket California 1109 R in 1936-37 provided $335,454 of
the $810,454 to build C.K. McClatchy High School.
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P.W.A. Docket California 1579 in 1937-38 provided 45% of the
$41,640 to build Theodore Judah School, Unit #1 (six classrooms
. and a lavatory unit).
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P.W.A. Docket California 1958 F in 1938-39 provided 45% of the
$44,678 to build Theodore Judah School Unit #2 (kindergarten,.
health room, administration unit, and auditorium).
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Theodore Judah School, as shown above, was one of the PWA school projects,_ _
constructed with these funds. The projects were subject to the Rules and
Regulations of PWA Form No.179. It provided that the United States of
America would aid in financing the construction of the school buildings ..
(including necessary equipment for the project) by making a grant to
Sacramento City Unified School District, of Sacramento County. The grant
amount was 45 percent of the cost of the Project upon completion, as
determined by the Federal Emergency Administrator of Public Work.
5 Sacramento City College Library was demolished in June/July 1996.
. •.. . _
OMB Approval No 1024-0018
•. . . .
NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
_
Section number 8_ Page 6
Theodore Judah School
Project Officials
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Harold L. Ickes
Charales F. Dean
William C. Keating
M. R. Peterson
J. E. Lynn
A. M Henderson M. D.
John F. Kennedy D.D.S.
Mrs. George F. McCormack
Mrs. P.D. Bevil
Charles C. Hughes
Richard Farnsworth
President of the United States of
America
Secretary of Interior/Head of the
PWA
Architect
Builder, Unit #1
Builder, Unit #2
President, Board of Education
Board of Education
Board of Education
Board of Education
Board of Education
Superintendent
Principal
Architectural Style
The architectural style is International Modern with some Moderne details.
Charles F. Dean, the Sacramento City District architect who was associated
with the firm of Dean and Dean, designed the school in the then popular
Moderne style. It is the only surviving elementary school architecture in
this style in Sacramento. It is significant that Dean chose to design the
buildings in this style. The Moderne style suited PWA projects because of
its simplicity of line and paucity of detail. It would have seemed
inappropriate for government (taxpayer) projects of the Depression Era; to
be elaborate or lavish. Conveniently, the style was in vogue, so the .
architect could be trendy as well as economical.
It is a one story, single gable, flat roof school that was built in two .
stages as PWA projects. Construction is primarily wood frame and stucco. •
The auditorium is the predominate form with its high vertical strip windows '
divided by horizontal muntins. The entry porch with a rounded fascia is
supported by round columns. These columns flank the glass block transomed
entry doors. 'Other windows have horizontal °streamline Modernem. wooden
grills. The TEEIMx= JUDAH scum letters on the exterior wall of the
auditorium are very Moderne. The entry foyer is paneled in mahogany and .
the interior hallways are paneled with vertical redwood boards.
I.
There are detailed tile drinking fountains with a Moderne flavor located in
the hallways. Each classroom has operating transom windows that extend the
.length of each room and open into the hallway for ventilation purposes.
1
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NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)
•
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
F-
MB Approval No. 1024-0018
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 Page 7
Theodore Judah School
History of Theodore Judah School (nee: David Lubin Annex)
The history of Theodore Judah School is the 'biography' of a definitive area
of East Sacramento as well as of the PWA and twentieth century elementary
education. The modest community that surrounds Theodore Judah School was
born in the early 1900's and has produced an abundance of community leaders
through its lifetime. The school's biography unfolds in a series of
vignettes. The enormous impact of one small PWA project upon that community
reinforces, in microcosm, the lasting significance that the PWA has had on
this nation.
Mrs. Susie Beutler, a mother of three young boys, in the spring of 1926,
organized a group of parents at a meeting held at the McKinley Park baseball
bleachers to petition the Sacramento City Board of Education to establish a
neighborhood school in the McKinley Boulevard/D Street area. The nearest
existing elementary school, David Lubin, was over a mile away with no easy
direct access for those northeast of the school.
The school board, on November 16, 1926, accepted a $1,000 lease/purchase
offer for 3.5 acres from George and Sadie Burns. The original plot plan for
the Burns Site filed by the board with the city was inaccurate regarding its
southern boundary (future extension of McKinley Boulevard). The five-way
intersection of D, 39th, and McKinley Boulevard, which was about 110' west
of the western corner of the site, was shown inaccurately as opposite the
school's main entrance. (Exhibit 1)
The site location was so remote that a city survey marker located over . a
mile away near Alhambra Boulevard (31st Street) and H Street Was used as the
- starting point to locate and describe the property. - A circuitous and
. detailed survey line was established to identify specifically the southwest
'corner of the site..
The board, on December 20, 1926, decided that $3,600 for a two room temporary building was too expensive, and the standard 'Emergency' type
structure was authorized instead of the new design. Thus, 'David Lubin
Annex' - a two room,* wood frame bungalow with a pot-bellied stove and two
drop cord lights in each room - was moved in and opened as a one room school'
on January 26, 1927 to house five students and a substitute teacher.
.•
•(Exhibit 2);-.. •
'•
•
. •
The City of Sacramento built a temporary foot bridge over the 50' wide - • drainage slough that ran north of D Street in order to provide safe winter
access to the school from the south side. The depression of the filled in .
slough, which emptied into the pond at McKinley Park, is visible today in
the topography of the neighborhood.
•
NPS Form 10-900:a
(8-80
MB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 Page 8
Theodore Judah School
The first playground was on private property. The flat, clear area between
the front of the school and the drainage slough (there was no McKinley
Boulevard) served as the play field. The school ground behind (north) the
bungalow, having been a cow pasture for years, was unusable for several
reasons.
•The 'new' school was painted for the first time on February 2, 1927, and
the Superintendent recommended on May 9, 1927 to expand the school to a K-6
building similar in size to the old Jefferson School. The neighborhood
families embraced the school, and the enrollment steadily increased.
The final agreement to purchase the Burns Site was completed on June 10,
1927. The total price was $8,875.91 - $7,550 final payment + $1,000
lease/purchase + $325.91 accrued 7% interest. The deed was conveyed and
accepted on July 1, 1927. 'David Lubin Annex' was officially established as
=MIME JUDAH SCHOOL on June 16, 1927 just two weeks prior to the site
purchase.
Letters of commendation for the selection of the name Theodore Judah were
received from the American Society of Civil Engineers and President Sproule
of the Southern Pacific Railroad on July 18, 1927. (NOTE: Because of the
importance of civil engineer Theodore Dehone Judah to the development of
this city, state, and nation, a delimited biography is appended. Also see
Exhibit 3.)
Mrs. Edith Aileen Parsons, who was hired from the 'eligible list' on
September 10, 1927, became the first 'regular' teacher. Mrs. Ruth Iliff was
appointed on January 12, 1928 as the second teacher.
Parent participation from the beginning was significant - sometimes
, effective, sometimes not. Flies, generated from the adjacent cow pasture,
•_. were a significant problem. However, the board rejected a parent request in
the spring of 1927 for window screens, because "...once the flies got in the
.
, building they wouldn't be able to get out.' The first modification (Service
Order # 2406) to the school - as the result of a parent petition to light
the school for evening meetings - cost $52.00 in November 1927. A PTA
request for 25-30 chairs for the 'PTA Room" was approved, but requests for a
kindergarten piano and assigning sixth graders to Theodore Judah (instead of
• David Lubin) were denied by the board on October 8, 1928.
•
.••
"DO NOT FEED THE CONS AND HORSES" was one of the first and important schoo
. rules.' • Cowi'and horses from Meister's Dairy grazed next to the school fence.-- It was still a rustic school in a neighborhood that was in
transition from rural to suburban. More bungalows were added after the . 192728 school year. One was double length and served as a lunch room and .
auditorium. All were located on the far east side of the campus.
A potentially devastating event occurred in its second year of operation.
NPS Form 10-900-a _
(8-86)
;
1
r-
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number _8_ Page 9
1
Theodore Judah School
A letter that was received October 24, 1928 from J. B. Sears, a paid
building and planning consultant, included a recommendation that 'further
development of the Theodore Judah site/buildings be prevented' ... 'because
there were no prospects of adequate enrollment.' For the first 10 years,
Theodore Judah was designated officially as a temporary school and the
student body eventually was to 'return' to David Lubin. The school, from its
birth, always was in jeopardy of being closed. In spite of that possibility
and with a slowly growing neighborhood, the modest little school survived
and its enrollment continued to increase.
Persistent neighborhood concern and advocacy, led by Mrs. Mabel Bone and
others, resulted in a board decision in 1937 to build a permanent school.
Since the total district (K - Junior College) budget for fiscal year 1937-38
was $2,693,195, including capital outlay of $97,095 and general reserve of
$0.00, the availability of PWA monies made this school construction decision
possible. PWA not only saved the school but probably the neighborhood as it
is known today.
A 132' wide strip (Lot No. 160) on the west side of the campus - to improve
the 'siting' of the new building - was added to the campus on February 19,
1937 at a cost of $3,467.50 (about 1.9 acres). The original Burns Site was
too narrow and too small to house a regular, permanent school. (Exhibits 1
and 30)
The construction contract ($41,640.00) was awarded to William C. Keating for
Unit #1 on June 4, 1937.
Government timeline regulations in August 1937 prohibited the Public Works
Administration expeditiously paying its 45% share (PWA Docket California
' 1579) of the Unit #1 construction cost. Since the district had no reserve
,.. . monies, thii delay nearly created a financial crisis. Ultimately, the PWA
=:.share was paid.
_
..
.
.
--
.
,:
-
,
Six classroOm drinking fountains ('...because in the long run they wOu1d be
cheaper than paper cups') were included as one of ten change orders. The
fountains' expense was $75.00, and all change orders amounted to $338.00
Unit #1 was officially completed November 2 and accepted November 8, 1937.
Students and staff moved furniture, equipment, and supplies into the six new
rooms - some of the bungalows remained in use because enrollment had grown
to exceed the capacity of the new school.
The Borden's Company, in November 1937, was awarded the milk contract
-00.0375/bottle) for Theodore Judah and eight other elementary schools.*- The
milk was provided free or for five cents to students who needed-it for' .
nutritional reasons. Therefore, Theodore Judah was an early participant in
the formative years of the school lunch programs including the concept of
'free or reduced price.'
r.
r.
NPS Form 10-900-a
--•
(8-86)
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET •
Section number _8_ Page 10
Theodore Judah School
The State Department of Architecture, October 28, 1938, approved Application
#2672 for the Theodore Judah School additions (kindergarten, classroom,
health, administration, and assembly), known as Unit #2. M. R. Peterson's
low bid of $44,678.00 for Theodore Judah additions (PWA) Project 1958-F,
Unit #2) was approved on November 21, 1938.
IT
Unit #2 was accepted as complete by board action on April 21, 1939. (Exhibit
4) The FWA paid its share in a timely fashion. The official dedication
ceremonies, May 11, 1939, were led by Mts. H.G. Dorian, PTA President, and
• included an original play - 'The Pathfinder' - written by the fifth and
sixth grade classes. (Exhibit 5) Mt. J.E. Lynn, Board President, and Dr.
Charles C. Hughes, District Superintendent, were present. Traditionally
activities such as the presentation of an American flag by the Veterans of
Foreign wars and a commemorative tree planting 6 were included in the
dedication. (Exhibits 6 and 7)
The official, permanent address, 3919 McKinley Boulevard, was assigned to
the new FWA school in 1940 after 13 years of a variety of temporary
addresses. One address was 39th and C Street, two streets on which the
school never faced or abutted. (Exhibit 8)
L
.,.
,
,..
Following World War II, Theodore Judah School and district enrollments
mushroomed, and more space was needed. (Exhibit 9) The final plans for Unit
#3, a non PWA project, were approved November 3, 1947. Bids were opened on
February 9, 1948. Continental Construction's bid of $85,575 for six
classrooms and a lavatory unit was accepted. Unit #3, with three change
orders, was accepted as complete on October 29, 1948. The total cost was
$85,265.46. Unit #3, at the time, was designated as a 'temporary .
structure'. . Unit # 3, visible in the background of Exhibit 25a, is now
considered a permanent part of the main building.
Several types of 'modern', portable and/or temporary buildings, including a
full service cafeteria unit, have been added to the site in the years after
• the completion of Unit #3. The student enrollment has fluctuated from a low
of five in 1927 to about 800 (the auditorium's stage and main floor were
used as classrooms) in the late 1940's and 1950's. Thus a school, which in
1928 and several other times was destined to be closed - even as a temporary
• structure - continues to operate decades later as the oldest continuously
operating elementary school in the same building in the city of Sacramento.
7 The approximately $40,000 invested in Theodore Judah School by the PWA in
6 The tree, known as the Hughes-Dorian Tree- (named for Superintendent
Charles C. Hughes and PTA President Mabel Dorian), was planted during
the 1939 dedication ceremonies and is now over sixty years old. Thus,
it is itself a potential historic landmark. When planted, the then four
foot tree was placed at the location of the southwest corner of the
original bungalow.
NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)
OMB A.Pproval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 Page 11
•
.
Theodore Judah School
1937-39 has been repaid many times in many ways by the thousands served by
the school. Theodore Judah's alumni for many decades have been major
contributors and leaders in the fields of art, business, construction,
development, education, finance, law, literature, medicine, music, politics,
and science, and have given their lives in military service.
The fiftieth anniversary (Exhibits 10, 11, and 12) of the PWA school (the
original school was established nearly seventy years ago) was the impetus
for the alumni to became very involved in their alma mater and undertook
restoration and preservation activities. Among these were the official
placement of the school on Sacrament City Historic Register (Exhibits 13,
14, 15, 16, 17 and 18); the creation of a 'History Wall' in the school's
main foyer (Exhibit 19); ths repainting of the exterior of the school to its
original Art Deco colors (Exhibits 20 and 20a); the planting of
commemorative trees; and the presentation of a time capsule (Exhibits 21 and
21a) to be opened on the school's centennial anniversary in 2027 through a
'Deed of Gift' to'the Sacramento History Center (Exhibit 22). Finally, .
efforts to upgrade the school's electrical, heating, and cooling systems are
in the incipient stages.
Summary
Theodore Judah School is significant at the local level in American
Politics/Government and Social History. Under Criterion A, it is associated
with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns
of our history. (See Section numbers 8, Page 13 for discussion of
eligibility under Criterion C.) In thd area of Politics/Government (defined as "[T]he enactment and administration of lewd by which a nation, State, or
other political jurisdiction is governed; activities related to the
political process."), it is part of major work in Sacramento undertaken with
the aid of the Public Works Administration. As such, it is directly tied to
the national political and social aims of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New.Deal...
Absent the IVA, it is highly likely that these projects could not have been
undertaken during the Great Depression. These same historical events tie it
to the area of Social History (defined as "Millie history of efforts to
promote the welfare of society; the history of society and the lifeways of .
,
social groups."). The various entities created under the New Deal,
including the PWA, were all aimed at the federal government's efforts . to
promote the welfare of American society down to the local level.
0MBApprovalNo.1024-0018 • .
11115Fortn 10-900-a .
(8-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 Page 12
Theodore Judah School
The building of Theodore Judah School (and other local PWA education
projects), enabled by New Deal funding, provided employment for local
architects, artists, and builders. . The school's existence, made possible by
President Roosevelt's PWA, has allowed it to be a participant in virtually
every major aspect of education (federal, state, and local) extant in the
last three quarters of the twentieth century.
•
•
•
ITT
• Other PWA projects and older non PWA buildings
See Section number 8, Page 5 for other PWA education
projects in the city of Sacramento. Since all are post
Field Act, they are still in operation with the exception
of sections of Sacramento City College (e.g. the library
and parts of the student cafeteria have been razed).
Several elementary schools in Sacramento predate Theodore
Judah - e.g. David Lubin, Washington, and William Land but the original buildings have been razed and replaced
with more modern structures and thus are significantly
newer than Theodore Judah School. Some have been sold and
remodeled for other purposes (e.g. Donner as a Police
Atheletic League (PAL) Center and Newton Booth as a
commercial office building).
•
•
Li
Neighborhood and social activism
Long before activism became a part of this nation's
•
daily life - the Theodore Judah community, starting in
the mid twenties, was in the vanguard: establishing a
school, building a new school; saving a school; amd . '
•
giving leadership to social programs. Specific
examples include polio immunization (Exhibits 23 and
.24); school safety (Exhibits 25 and 25a); civil
responsibility (Exhibit 26); and poverty needs (Exhibit
27).
.Field Act 7 (earthquake standards)
•
School nutrition projects •
•
Temporary and portable classroom construction
7 The emphasis on earthquake construction standards was in response to
the Long Beach Earthquake and the Field Act of 1933.
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
(8-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number _8 Page 13
•
Theodore Judah School
.Desegregation (as a sending and receiving school)
Paired schools
Computer center
Compensatory education
•
Bilingual education
1
Major expansion through annexation (Exhibit 28)
Appointed to elected school board (Exhibit 29)
•
Magnet schools
Theodore Judah School also gave stability, permanency, and character to a
definable community of Sacramento.
Under Criterion C, the two units of Theodore Judah School, designed by
Charles F. Dean, are the only remaining examples of PWA elementary school
structures in the city of Sacramento. The small, austere school in its Art
Deco colors, is designed in the architectural style of International Modern
with some Moderne details. Because it is post Field Act, it is the oldest
elementary school in the city of Sacramento continuously operating in the
same building.
Its simplicity of line and paucity of detail reflect the economics of the
time. Virtually all of the original landscaping in front of the building is
still in place sixty years later as is the redwood 'Hughes-Dorian Tree'
that was planted at the dedication ceremonies in 1939.
The units retain their integrity of design, workmanship, materials,
location, feeling', and association, with the exception of some window muntin
replacement and the removal of the brick fence around the small kindergarten
• play yard, the exterior structure and the interior details remain unaltered
• in either design or materials.
Even with the placement of several additional non-attached buildings on the
campus, the PWA units are easily and clearly identifiable.
_
NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 9 Page 1
Theodore Judah School
Bibliographical References
Books, Pamphlets and Manuscripts
Baird, Joseph Armstrong, Jr. Time's Wbndrous Changes. San Francisco:
California Historical Society, 1962.
Caughey, John W., CALIFORNIA. New York (Prentice Hall), 1953.
Gebhard, David and Robert Winter. A Guide to the Architecture of Los
Angeles and Southern Ca/ifornia, Santa Barbara: Peregrine Smith,
1977, p. 703.
Graham, Otis L. and Meghan Robinson Wander, ed. Franklin D. Roosevelt:
His Life and Times.Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1985.
/ckes, Harold L. Back To Work: The Stoty of PWA. New York: The Macmillan
Company, 1935.
Ingle, Marjorie. The Mayan Revival Style. Salt Lake City: Peregrine
Smith Books, 1984.
Short C. W. and R. Stanley-Brown, Public Buildings: Architecture under
the Public Works Administration, /933-/939, Volume I. Originally
published in 1939. Reprinted New York: DaCapo Press, 1986. P.
235. •
U.s. Public Works Administration. America Builds: The Record of PHA.
Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1939.
. Newspapers and Periodicals
.
'New Grants on P.W. Projects.' The Architect and Engineer. June . 1935.
'PWA Has Changed Face of U.S.' Life. April 1, 1940.
Neighbors
May 4, 1989.
-
Neighbors
May 18i 1995.
Neighbors
June 13, 1996...: -
Neighbors
December 14, 1990.
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NPS Form 10-900-a
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number _9_ Page 2
1
Theodore Judah School
The Sacramento Bee
c. 1939-40.
The Sacramento Bee
June 8, 1939.
The Sacramento Bee
February 23, 1940.
The Sacramento Bee
April 25, 1955.
The Sacramento Bee
August 6, 1955.
The Sacramento Bee
May 23, 1959.
The Sacramento Bee
October 19, 1959.
The Sacramento Union
c. 1936-38.
The Sacramento Union
May 13, 1939.
The Sacramento Union
January 31, 1956.
The Sacramento Union
May 10, 1989.
The Sacramento Union
May 19, 1989.
The Sacramento Union
December 5, 1990.
The Sacramento Union
c. 1939 yap, Jeanne, ANNA JUDAH WAS ON THE MOVE.
Miscellaneous
Board Minutes. Sacramento City Unified School District. 1926 - 1955.
.L11
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Directory Sacramento City Schools, 1929 - 1953.
.s .Directory Sacramento City Unified School District, 1954-1955. PTA Publicity Record Mrs. H. G. Dorian - 1939-40.
: PTA Publicity Record Mrs..Lyall Smith 1946-47.
PTA Publicity Record Mrs. Lee W. Blass 1947-48.
. ;
PTA Publicity Record Mrs Thomas Royce - 1953-54.
PTA Publicity Record Mrs. Ivan Ogden 1954-55.
PTA Publicity Record Mrs. Joseph Paulson 1955-56.
•:
•
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NPS Form 10-900-a •
(8-136)
•
" -••
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number _9_ Page 3
Theodore Judah School
Public Works Administration Docket, California 1109 R, 1936-37.
Public Works Administration Docket, California 1579, 1937-38.
Public Works Administration Docket, California 1958, 1928-29.
Public Works Administration Docket, California 1013 A-R, 1936-37.
Public Works Administration Docket, California 1958 F, 1938-40.
Interviews:
Mrs. Herniette Barudoni, 1989, parent/grandparent of former students.
Mrs. Susie Beutler, 1989, PTA President 1927.
Hrs. Lee W. Blass, 1989, PTA President 1947-48.
Mrs. E.P. Busath, 1989, Charter PTA member.
Hrs. H. G. Dorian, 1989, PTA President 1939-40.
Mt. Richard B. Farnsworth, 1989, Principal 1939-40.
Mrs. Gertrude (Harvie) Goodrich, 1989, Principal 1946 - 1960/61.
Senator Leroy Greene ,1993, California State Senate.
Mrs. Helen Kelsey, 1989, kindergarten teacher 1938-1964.
.
.
Mrs. Joseph Paulson, 1989, PTA President 1955-56. '
Mrs. Thomas Royce, 1989, PTA President 1953-54.
Mrs. Lyall Smith, 1989, PTA President 1946-47.
. Professor Richard Guy Wilson Ph.D., 1993, Author, Architecture
.
. . •
,
- Under the PWA.
'
NPS Fmin 10-900(8410
OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number _9_ Page 4
Theodore Judah School
Interviews (Alumni):
Numerous alumni interviews were conducted in 1989. Selected alumni,
with their era of attendance, are listed below.
Mr. Carlyle Beutler, c. 1927.
Mr. Fred Corfee, C. 1941.
Mr. Dixon Davey, c. 1937.
Mrs. Phyllis (Perry) Drew, c. 1940.
Mr. Eugene Fotos, c. 1941.
Former City Councilman Josh Pane, C. 1969.
Mr. Georgene (Zuccaro) Ragusa, c. 1948.
Mrs. Nancy (Atkins) Rae, c. 1938.
Mr. Frank Sims, C. 1928.
Mr. Lew Whitney, c. 1953.
United 'States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number: 10 Page 1
1:-
Theodore Judah School •
Verbal Boundary Description
The boundaries of the site commence at a point on the north side of
McKinley Boulevard 110 feet from the northeast corner of the
intersection of 39th Street and McKinley Boulevard. The Southern
(front) boundary of the school proceeds 380.5 feet east on McKinley
Boulevard to the east fence line at the rear of residences facing San
Antonio Way. The eastern boundary follows the fence line 695 feet north
to 36th street. The boundary follows 36th Street 352.84 feet west to
the rear fence line of the residences facing 39th Street. The boundary
follows the residential/school fence line 576.02 feet south to the
starting point.
The site is cOmprised of two parcels; (1) the 3.5 acre original 'Burns
Site' on the east side of the campus and (2) the 1.9 acre Lot # 160 on
the west side of the campus.
Also, see Exhibit #30.
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to•00)
a_ (WM
• ' •." • "6 r r -
•
National Park Service CONTINUATION SHEET
Th • odoie Judah School
kited States Department of the Interior
.TIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
:lion number: 7 Page #41 1 '
Photo 2
In 1939, when Unit #2 was
opened, the campus had little
landscaping and McKinley
Boulevard, in front of the school.
came to a dead end approximately 150 feet east of the school
where a gate served as an
entrance to a dairy/truck farm.
In keeping with the times and
because the site was too small.
no parking lot was provided.
• 4'- • ."
v1,0
,
Tt7w , 4
*e •
W4-#.
•
Photo 3
In 1996. the landscapingespecially the trees have matured
and the campus blends beauti- •
fully and inconspicuously into the
neighborhood. McKinley
Boulevard is nbvi a major eastwest thoroughfare. Off-street '
parking still is not available.
•
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#
•
-2 and •3
•
•
_
The National
Register of
Historic Places
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
The National Register of Historic Places is the
official list of the Nation's cultural resources
worthy of preservation. Authorized under the
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the
National Register is part of a national program
•to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect our
historic and archeological resources. The National Register is administered by the National
Park Service under the Secretary of the Interior.
Properties listed in the National Register include districts, sites, buildings, structures and
objects that are significant in American history,
architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture. These resources contribute to an understanding of the historical and cultural foundations of the Nation.
The National Register includes:
• all historic areas in the National Park Sys- •
tem;
• National Historic Landmarks which have
been designated by the Secretary of the Interior for their significance to all Americans;
and
• properties significant to the Nation, State, or
community which have been nominated by
the States, Federal agencies and others and
have been approved by the National Park
Service.
Dumbarton Bridge, District of Columbia, (Mary
Randlett).
The National Register of
Historic' Places • .
.
•
Listing in the National Regiater lies the follow."
ing results which asaist in preserving historic
ProPerties:
• Recognition that a property is of significance
to the Nation, the State or the community.
• Coru3ideration in the planning for Federal or
federally assisted projects.
• Eligibility for Federal tax benefits.
• Consideration in the decision to iasue a surface coal mining permit.
• Qualification for Federal assistance for historic
preservation, when funds are available.
National Register properties are distinguished
by having been documented and evaluated according to uniform standards. The Secretary of
the Interioes National Register criteria for evaluation and documentation standards are used
by every State and Territory and by Federal
agencies to identify important historic and archeological properties worthy of preservation
and of consideration in making planning and
development decisions.
The National Register program provides Federal, State and local governments end the general public the following:
• National recognition of the value of historic
properties individually and collectively W the
Nation.
• Eligibility for Federal tax incentives and
other preservation assistance.
• Assistance in cultural resource plannin' g.
Naiional Recognition .
Americans are proud of their heritage and are
honored when properties in their communities
and States are entered in the Naticmal Register.
Historic properties in a commimity are tangible
links with the Nation's past that help provide a
sense of identity and stability. The National
Register, which recognizes the values of properties as diverse as a dugout shelter of an
Oklahoma pioneer settler, the Breakers Mansion in Newport, and a 12,004-year-old prehistoric lite, has helped many to appreciate the
richness and variety of their heritage.
Historic Hill District, St. Paul, MN (Charks W.
Nelson).
Listing properties in the National Register
often changes the way commimities perceive
their historic resources and gives credibility to
efforts of private citizens and public officials to
preserve these resources as living parts of our
communities. Listing in the National Register,
however, does not interfere with a private property owner's right to alter, manage or dispose of
ProPertY.
Historical corandssions, design review committees, or special zoning ordinances are established by State legislation or local ordinances;
they are not a part of the National Register program. Information on any State or local law
which may affect a historic property may be obtained from the State Historic Preservation Officer and the Mayor, City Ccnmcil or other community officials.
Preservation Assistance
Private preservation efforts, spurred by the
honor of National Register listing and made
feasible by financial incentives, have resulted in
a rise in the value of historic property and in
the creation of construction, buainess and
employment opportunities throughout the Nation. Documentation used for evaluating and
registering historic properties is the basis for
decisions about which properties merit tax incentives or available Federal assistance and
how these properties should be treated to
respect their historic character.
Tax Incentives for Rehabilitation. Since
1976, the Federal Internal Revenue Code has
contained a variety of incentives to encourage
capital investment in historic buildings and to
spur revitalization of historic neighborhoods.
These incentives, including a 20% investment
tax credit, encourage the preservation of historic
commercial, industrial and rental residential
buildings by allowing favorable tax treatments
for rehabilitation and discouraging destruction
of historic structures. Preservation tax incentives are available for any project which the
Secretary of the Interior designates as a certified
rehabilitation of a certified historic structure. A
certified historic structure is any structure, subject to depreciation as defined by the Internal
Revenue Code, which is listed individually in
the National Register or located in a registered
historic district and certified by the Secretary of
the Interior as being of historic significance to
the district. A certified rehabilitation is any
rehabilitation of a certified historic structure
• that the Secretary of the Interior has determined
is consistent with the historic character of the
property or the district in which the property is
located. To qualify for the tax incentives, property owners must complete a Historic Preservation Certification Application and secure certification from the Secretary of the Interior. Further
information on these incentives and the application procedures may be obtained from the National Park Service Regional Office responsible
for certification applications in your State, or by
writing: Preservation Tax Incentives, National
•
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Administration Building, University of
Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.
•
•
Shadows-on-the-Teche
(National Trust for Historic
Preservation), New Iberia,
LA (Gleason Photography).
Sand Key Lighthouse,
Monroe, FL (J.F. Brooks,
HABS).
Castle Clinton National Monument, New York,
NY (Richard Frear, NPS).
Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior,
P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D.C. 20013-7127
Easement Donations. The Federal Internal
Revenue Code also provides for Federal income,
estate, and gift tax deductions for chaiitable
contributions of partial interests in real property (land and buildings). Taxpayers' gilts of
qualified interests must be "exclusively for conservation purposes". One of these purposes is
defined as "the preservation of an historically
important land area or certified historic structure." Further information on easements may
be obtained from the sources listed above in the
tax incentives section.
Federal Historic Preservation Grants. Listing in the National Register qualifies a property
for certain grants when funds are available. Information on this assistance should be obtained
by writing: Preservation Grants, do the State
Historic Preservation Officer of the State in
which the property is located.
Cultural Resource Planning
:11
The goals of the preservation programs are to
establish national standards for historic preservation, to identify and document significant
historic resources in the United States to assist
In preservation efforts by providing assistance
to public and private preservation agencies and
organisations, and to educate the general public
concerning the value of historic preservation.
These programs are carried out for the Secretary
of the Interior by the National Park Service in
cooperation with the State Historic Preservation
Officers, the Federal Preservation Officers, local
governments and citizene. Information gathered
during identification, evaluation and registration is important in identifying preservation
needs, in planning cultural resource protection
aratalligte, and in carrying out these strategies.
Federel Activities. Federal agencies are required by law to locate, inventory and nominate
to the National Register historic properties in
Federal ownership or contrnl. The Federal agencies also are responsible for preserving historic
properties under their ownership or control and
for assuring that any property that might qualify
for inclusion in the National Register is not inadvertently transferred, sold, demolished, subetantially altered or allowed to deteriorate
significantly. If, as a result of Federal action or
assistance, a historic property is to be substantially altered or demolished, records are to be
made for deposit in the Library of Congress or
other agency designated by the Secretary of the
Interior, for future use and reference. 'Agencies
proposing projects which may affect.a property
.
Bridgewater Woolen Mill; Bridgewater, VT
(David Ave,').
4
•
A
.
Timberline Lodge (National Historic
Landmark), Mt. Hood National Forest, OR
(Oregon State Highway Division).
listed in or eligible for the National Register
must allow the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation an opportunity to comment prior
to funding, licensing or granting assistance on
such projects. The purpose of this review is not
to impede or halt development, but rather to
assure that the value of historic properties is
given direct consideration in project planning
deciaions. Further information on the Advisory
Council may be obtained by writing the Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation, The Old Post
Office Building, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue
N.W., Room 809, Washington, D.C. 20004.
Consideration of historic values is also a part
of the decision to issue a surface coal mining
permit, in accordance with the Surface /lining.
and Control Act of 1977.
State Activities. Most nominations to the National Register are made by the States through
State Historic Preservation Officers. State Historic Preservation Programs must be approved
by the Secretary of the Interior before the
States nominate historic properties to the National Register.
In addition to nominating historic properties
to the National Register, the State Historic
Preservation Officer prepares and implements a
comprehensive Statewide Historic Preservation
Plan, administers the State program of Federal
assistance for historic preservation within the
State, conducts a statewide survey of historic
properties, and cooperates with Federal, State
and local officials and others to assure that
historic properties are taken into consideration
at all levels of planning and development. The
State Historic Preservation Officer also provides
public information, education and training, and
technical assistance relating to the Federal and
State Historic Preservation Programs.
Local Governisent Activities. The .State' ' • .
Historic Preservation Officer also assIsts.local
governments in becoming =stifled to particiPate
in the Federal Historic Preservation Program,
including the process for nominating properties
to the National Register.
Criteria for Evaluation
The National Register's standards for evaluating the significance of properties were developed
to recognize the accomplishments of all peoples
who have made a contribution to our country's
history and heritage. The criteria are designed
to guide State and local governments, Federal
agencies, and others in evaluating potantial entries in the National Register.
Criteria for Evaluation
'The quality of significance in American
history, architecture, archeology, engineering
and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials,
workmanship, feeling, and association and:
a. that are associated with events that have
made a significant distribution to the broad
patterns of our history; or
b. that are associated with the lives of perstms
significant in our paat; or
c. that embody the clistinctive characteristics of
• a type, period, or method of construction, or
that represent the work of a master, or that
possess high artistic values, or that represent
a significant and distinguishable entity whose
components may lack individual distinction;
or
d. that have yielded, or may be likely to yield,
information important in prehistory or
history.
Criteria considerations: Ordinarily cemeteries,
birthplaces, or graves of historical figures, properties owned by religious institutions or used for
religious purposes, structures that have been
moved from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily
commemorative in nature, and properties that
have achieved significance within the past 50
years shall not be considered eligible for the National Register. However, such properties will
qualifY Tthey afe integral parts of districts
that do meet the criteria or ff they fall within
the. following categories:
a. a religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or historical importance; or
b. a building or structure removed from its
original location but which is significant
primarily for architectural value, or which ia
the surviving structure most importantly
associated with a historic person or event; ar
c. a birthplace or grave of a historical figure of
outstanding importance if there is no other
appropriate site or building directly associated
with his productive life; or
d. a cemetery that derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent
importance, from age, from distinctive design
features, or from association with historic
events; or
e. a reconstructed building when accurately caseated in a suitable environment said presented in a dignified manner as part of a
restoration master plan, and when no other
building or structure with the same association has survived; or
f. a property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic
value has invested it with its own historical
significance; or
g. a property achieving significance within the
past 50 years if it is of exceptional importance.
Information on documentation of properties
and use of the Criteria for Evaluation may be
obtained by writing: National Register of
Historic Places, National Park Service, U.S.
Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
20240.
11 1 11111111 11 11 111111111 111 1 11111
Winterport Historic District, Winterport,
(Walter Smalling, Jr.).
ME
Nominations to the National
Register •
•
State Nominations. State nominations are
submitted to the National Park Service by State
Historic Preservation Officers. Ordinarily, National Register forms to nominate properties are
prepared by local citizens or by the staff of the
State Historic Preservation Officer. These nomination forms are then submitted to a State
review board, composed of professionals in the
fields of American history, architectural history,
architecture, prehistoric and historic archeology,
and other related disciplines and may include
citizen members. This review board makes a
recommendation to the State Historic Preservation Officer either to approve the nomination if
in the board's opinion it meets the National
Register criteria or to disapprove the nomination if it does not.
During the time the proposed nomination is
reviewed by the State Historic Preservation Officer, property owners and local authorities are
notified. All property owners are given the opportunity to comment on the nomination and
owners of private property are given an opportunity to concur in or object to the nomination.
If the owner of a private property or the majority of such owners for a property or district with
multiple owners object to the nomination, the
State Historic Preservation Officer forwards the
nomination to the National Park Service only
for a determination about whether the property
is eligible for listing. If a majority of owners do
not object, a State Historic Preservation Officer
may approve the nomination and forward it to
the National Park Service to be considered for
listing. If the nomination is approved by the National Park Service, the property is officially
entered in the National Register. .
Further information on the procedures to
nominate properties to the National Register
and the preservation program within your State
may be obtained by contacting the appropriate
State Historic Preservation Officer listed at the
end of this leaflet.
Federal Nominations. Nominations to the
National Register for Federal properties are
submitted to the National Park Service through
Federal Preservation Officers appointed by the
agency heads. Federal agencies prepare National
Register nominations, notify local officials and
provide the State Historic Preservation Officer
Butler County Courthouse, Butler, OH (Pat
Brown).
an opportunity to comment prior to submitting
nominations to the National Park Service. The
Federal Preservation Officer approves each
nomination and forwards it to the National
Park Service for final consideration. If the
nomination is approved by the National Park
Service, the property is officially entered in the
National Register.
Information on Federal nominations to the
National Register and other preservation programs of Federal agencies may be obtained from
the Federal Preservation Officer for each agency. A list of Federal Preservation Officers is at
the end of this leaflet.
Nominations by persons and local governments. The National Park Service may accept a
nomination directly from any person or local
government for inclusion of a property in the
National Register if the property is located in a
State where there is no State Historic Preservation Program approved by the National Park
Service.
Appeals. Any person or local government
may appeal to the National Park Service the
nomination or listing of any historic property in
the National Register. Appeals for nominations
may also be made to the National Park Service
ifs' -State or Federal agencylails or refuses to •
-• nominate a property. Procedures for appeals are
found in the National Register regulatiOns in 36
CFR 60.
Publications
A Bei of properties entered annually in the
National Register is published in the Federal
Register. These annual lists and early editions
of hardcover volumes of The National Register
of Historic Places (1976, volumes I and U) are
available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC 20402. Earlier out-of-print volumes
should be available in major libraries.
Federal regulations for the National Register
of Historic Places can be found in the Code of
Federal Regulations under 36 CFR, 60 (National
Register nomination procedures), 36 CFR 63
(determination of eligibility procedures), and 36
CFR 67 (certifications of significance and rehabilitation for Federal tax purposes).
Additional Information
For more information about the National
Register, contact the National Park Service,
US. Department of the Interior, Washington,
D.C. 20240, or any of the following National
Park Service Regional Offices:
Alaska Regional Office
National Park Service
2520 Gambell Street
Anchorage, AR 99503
MidAtlantic Regional Office
National Park Service
143 South Third Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Southeast Regional Office
National Park Service
75 Spring Street, NW
Atlanta, GA 30303
Rocky Mountain Regional Office
National Park Service
P.O. Box 25287
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Western Regional Office
National Park Service
450 Golden Gate Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94102
State Historic Preservation
Officers and Federal
Preservation Officers
&see Bletwrie Peenervalloss °MOM
=abeam Ezeurnive Director. Alabama Hassid Cumulation. 725 Minim Si.
Mentffamen. AL 361011 Alaska: Chide( History and Archeology, Depenmsnt
d' Natural Resourcos. 619 We/shoos. Ave, Suess 210, Amellorage, AK 98501
Ards= Berm Taritorial Hisses* Premonition Mar. Deportment of
Public Works. Gmernmrat of American Sam... Pogo Pogs, American Samoa
98799 Arian= Chid, Office of Hiatririe &wreaks Arians Was Paris.
1695 West Mom Phones, AZ 81037 Arbambee Dinner. Arkaisma *Aerie
Prenareasion Prawns, Suite 500. Continental Building. Markham and Main
Ste. LUIS Rock, AR 72201 Contemn: Office of Historic Preservation, Caldernt. Deportment of Parks & Recreation. P.O. Bo: 2390. Sacrament, CA 95911
Coincide: State Music Preeenation Officer. Colorado Heritage Center, 1300
Bloadway, Denver, CO 80203 Coaneesium Dinner, Connecticut Historical
Conunission. 59 South Prospect Si, Hartford, CT 06106 Delaware: Director.
Division of litstoneal and Cultural Affairs. Hall of Bacardi. Dover. DE 19901
Dianna of Cabunidai Dimmer. Deportment el Consumer and Regulatory At
fain. 114 H Si. NW, Washington, D.C. 20001 =odds Director. Division of
Melsives. *Am and . Reawd Management. Depertansm of State. The Capitol,
111. 33301 lieorgly Chief. Historic Prennation Section. Departones of Natural Rescaress, 270 Washington St. SW, Roan 703-C, Atlanta, GA
30334 GUI= Dimmer. Departenent of Parks and Reerestios. P.O. Bo: 2950.
Agana. OQ 96910 Hawn* State Historic Preeervation Officer. Depsrtment d
Land and Nasal Resources. P.O. Boa 621, Honolulu.= 96909 Idaho: Hawk
Preeervation Coordinator. Idaho Hisarical Society. 610 North Julia Dads Dr,
Boise. ID 83706 Illinois Director. Department d Conservation. &OR Office •
Building. 400 South Spring Si, Springfield. PI. =706 Indians: Director. Depart.
morn of Natural Resources. 609 State Office Building, Indianapolis. 04 46204
• lows Director. Iowa State Heszariasl Dammam Division of Historic Lis.
Um. Esc 12th and Grand Menus. Dos Moines, IA 50;i9 Kane= Esocutive
• Dawson Kansas Stet. Historicel Society. 120 Wes lath Si, Topeka, KS 416612
geoseehr &ate Hisories] Preservation Officer and Diseetor. Kentucky
Bedlam Connell. Capitol Pima Tower, Fssokket, KY 40601 Ladziaso Moir
tont fiscreary. Office of Piggy= Dowthstment. P.O. Ras 44347. Boson Rouge,
LA 701104 Milan Director. Maine Histarie Peemerniion Ccasnikeion. 65 Capital
St. Ammons ME 01330 Marylon& &see /Runic Peennesion Maw,
Maryland Historic Tres. 21 Stale Code. AnnapoLn, MD 21401 M. b___
Eseentive Dimmer. llansehonste Hissorical Cascusimics 294 Washington Si,
Boston. MA 031011 Kiang= Dimmer, Michigan Risser, Division. Deportment
al Sesta. Leasimg. 20 48918 Minneests Director, Minamosa Hisorical Soddy.
1190 Cedar Si, St Pouting 55101 Mladasippis Director. &me al Mississippi.
Department dam:hives and Timm. P.O. Boa 871. Jackson. MS 39206
lillosourb Suns Hiss* Preservation Officm, Sias Deporument cif Natural
Remoras. P.O. Boa 176. Jannis City, MO 65101 Moassam Director.
Montana Histinoal Soddy, 225 North &bens St. Veterans Memorial
Helena, MT 59501 Nebroskin Dirersoi, The Nebraska &am Historical Society.
1500 R St. Limns NE 65506 Nevoid= &se Historic Pnisenation Meer. Divi.
Ora of Historic Praserneson and Andsodea. Capitol Complies, Canon City. NV
89710 New Hompables Conunionmer. Derailment of Resources and Economic
Development, P.0.5.. 556. Concord, NH 03101 New Asney: Comenisioner.
Depernannt of Environmental Prussian. P.O. lita 1390. Trenton, NJ
011625 Sew Masks State Historic Presereation °Mom New Mamie° Historic
Peeservesion Division. Moe of Cultural Affairs. Villa Rivera, Room 101.318 E.
Palace Ave. Santa Fa NM 87503 New York CanuailMOISST, Perks and Ream.
lion, Aiwa, Building 01. Ensue State Mess. Albsay, NY 12=8 North
Combas Director. Division of Arelsives and History. Deportment of Cultural
Rmourees. 109 East Jones St. Raleigh, NC 27611 North Dakota Sophisms
dent. State Historical Society of Nash Dakota. Liberty Memorial Building.
Bismarck, ND 55501 Northern Mariana Mantis Historic Presrvation Officer.
an Deportment of Community and Cultural Mein. Commonwealth of Northern
Mariana Islands. Saipan, Masan. Islands 96950 Obis Director. The Ohio
Historical Society, Intents. 71 at 17th Ave. Columbus, OH 43211 Oklahoma:
SUM Historic Preesmation Wks. Oklahoma Historied Society, Historical
Building. Oklahoma City, OK 73105 Oregon: State Parks Superintendent. 525
Trade St. SE. Salem, OR 97310 Penneylvanis Suss MOM* Preservation Of.
Sour. Pennsylvania Historical and Ittioeum Contusions. P.O. Box 1206. Mar.
Sebum, PA 17120 Commonwealth of Pismo P.M= Office of Cultural Affairs,
La Famine. San Juan. PR 00905 Rhode bland: Diners, Roil. Island
Depanneent of Community Affairs. 150 Washington Si. Providence. Ri 021303
South Corollas Director. State Archives Deporument. 1430 Senate Si, Colum.
hie. SC 29211 South Dakota &ma Historic Presnotion Officer, Historical
Preeervasion Canter. Univenity d South Dakota, Alumi Hawk VertaillSn, SD
57069 Tennemes Easanne Director. Tanners Mound Cammisioni, 4721
Tromoisle Dr, Nashville.114 37219 Tams Eascutive Director, Tema State
Historical Commission. P.O. Boa 1=76. Capitol Station. Austin. TX 78711
Tsui Territory of the PaelBe IdaDde Historic Preservation Officer, Land
Resumes Breach. Department of Rosman & Develoganent. TM. Saipan.
Marione Islands 96950 Utak State Historic Prasonatian Officer, Utah
Historical Society, 300 Rio Grande. Salt Lake City. UT 01101 Vermont: Dine.
Taushalm,
• .'
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