Glenda Kitts, Arlene Cuellar, Maritza Aquino
Printed on 1/25/2017
PhysicalandChemicalChanges
FocusonInquiry
Thestudentswill:
• Investigateanddifferentiatebetweenphysicalchangesandchemicalchanges.
• Investigateanddescribehowtemperatureinfluencesphysicalandchemicalchanges
LessonContentOverview
Studentswill
• Understandthatchemicalchangesoccurwhendifferentsubstancescombinetoformnewsubstances.
• Understandthatphysicalchangesoccurwhensubstanceschangeformbutnottheirchemicalcomposition.
•
Identifyevidencethataphysicalorachemicalchangehasoccurred.
Duration
4days@50min
Setting
Classroom
Grouping
2-4students
PTIInquirySubskills
1.1,4.1,5.1,2.5,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.7,5.2,5.3,
5.4,5.7,6.2,7.2,7.3
Lesson
Components
Engage
Explore
Estimated
Time
Inquiry
Subskills
Used
Technology
Used
Levelof
Student
Engagement
BriefDescription
20min
1.1,4.1,
5.1,5.2
Lab
equipment
2
Elephant'stoothpastedemonstration.Makingelephanttoothpaste
isaneasyandfunscienceexperiment.Itistheresultofachemical
reactionthatcreatesalargeamountofoozingfoam.Themovement
ofthefoamlooksliketoothpastesquirtingoutofatubewhilethe
amountoffoamusuallyisenoughforanelephanttobrushitsteeth.
90
1.1,2.5,
3.1,3.2,
3.3,3.6,
3.7,4.1,
5.1,
5.2,5.7,7.2
Timerand
lab
equipment
3
Studentswillworkingroupsof2to4toexplorehowsubstances
mayreactwithothersubstancestoproducechemicalchanges,and
howothersdonotreactbuttheirphysicalpropertiesmaychange.
Explain
45
None
2
Expand
50
None
3
Evaluate
45
None
2
Thestudentswillshareanswersonthepreviousactivities.Theywill
discusshowphysicalandchemicalchangestookplace.
Usingthechartwiththechangesandwritequestionsusingrally
robin,rallycoach,allrecordroundrobin,or4corners.Teacher
explainsbasedonpreviousactivity,introductionofvocabulary.
Studentswillworkinteamsof3or4toidentifyunknown
substancesbasedontheirreactivity.
Inside-outsidecircleTeacherwillevaluatetheoutcomeofthe
studentsexpandactivityasaformofformativeassessment.The
teacherwillalsouse5questionsasasummativeassessment.
1
2
3
Low
Moderate
High
LevelofStudentEngagement
Listentolecture,observetheteacher,individualreading,teacherdemonstration,teacher-centeredinstruction
Raisequestions,lecturewithdiscussion,recorddata,makepredictions,technologyinteractionwithassistance
Hands-onactivityorinquiry;critiqueothers,drawconclusions,makeconnections,problem-solve,student-centered
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 1
Glenda Kitts, Arlene Cuellar, Maritza Aquino
Printed on 1/25/2017
NextGenerationScienceStandards–Inquiry
NGSSPractice3:PlanningandCarryingOutInvestigations
NGSSPractice4:AnalyzingandInterpretingData
NGSSPractice6:Constructingexplanations
NGSSPractice7:Engaginginargumentsfromevidence
NGSSPractice8:Obtaining,EvaluatingandCommunicatingInformation
NextGenerationScienceStandards–EarthScience
MS-PS1-2.Analyzeandinterpretdataonthepropertiesofsubstancesbeforeandafterthesubstancesinteractto
determineifachemicalreactionhasoccurred.
FloridaScienceStandards-NatureofScience
SC.8.N.2.2Discusswhatcharacterizesscienceanditsmethods.
SC.8.N.1.6Understandthatscientificinvestigationsinvolvethecollectionofrelevantempiricalevidence,theuseof
logicalreasoning,andtheapplicationofimaginationindevisinghypotheses,predictions,explanationsandmodelsto
makesenseofthecollectedevidence.
SC.8.N.1.1Defineaproblemfromtheeighthgradecurriculumusingappropriatereferencematerialstosupport
scientificunderstanding;planandcarryoutscientific
investigationsofvarioustypes,suchassystematicobservationsorexperiments;identifyvariables;collectandorganize
data;interpretdataincharts,tables,andgraphics;analyzeinformation;makepredictions;anddefendconclusions.
FloridaScienceStandards–MatteranditsProperties
SC.8.P.8.4Classifyandcomparesubstancesonthebasisofcharacteristicphysicalpropertiesthatcanbedemonstrated
ormeasured;forexample,density,thermalorelectricalconductivity,solubility,magneticproperties,meltingand
boilingpoints,andknowthatthesepropertiesareindependentoftheamountofthesample.
SC.8.P.9.2Differentiatebetweenphysicalchangesandchemicalchanges.
SC.912.P.8.2:Differentiatebetweenphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofmatter
MaterialsandAdvancePreparation
EngageActivity–Demonstration–TheElephantToothpaste
Materials
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hydrogenperoxide(30%)
Sodiumiodidecrystals(Thisisadrychemicalthatlookslikesalt.)
250-milliliterbeaker
Liquiddishsoap
Foodcoloring(optional)
1,000-millilitergraduatedcylinder
Measuringspoons
Goggles
Apron
Plastictarptocoverthedemonstrationtable
Rubbergloves
Advancedpreparation
• PreparationofSodiumIodinecatalyst
- Inabeaker,measure120mLofroomtemperaturewater.
- Add15gofsodiumiodidecrystalstothewaterandstirwithastirreruntilallofthecrystalshave
dissolved.Labelthebeaker“SodiumIodideCatalyst”andsetitasidetouselater.
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 2
Glenda Kitts, Arlene Cuellar, Maritza Aquino
Printed on 1/25/2017
SetupArea
o Covertheexperimentationstablewithaplastictarptocollectthefoamattheendofthe
demonstrationandthrowthefoaminthegarbagecan.Thiswillmakecleanupeasier.
o Thisdemonstrationcanbedoneoutsidesincethefoamissafeenoughtobewashedaway.
ExploreActivity:PhysicalandChemicalChanges–smallgroupset:
Materialspergroup
• Vinegar
• Triplebeambalance
• Foodcoloring
• Water
• 10mLofmilk
• Alcohol
• Bakingsoda
• 3mLofvinegar
• Water
• Bakingpowder
• Beaker
• Vegetableoil
• 4Balloons
• Calibratedcylinder
• Popsiclesticks
• 4Testtube
• SandwichZiplocbag
• Testtubeholder
• Sugar
•
Advancedpreparation
Tosavetimeidentifythematerialsperstation.
Materialspergroup
•
•
•
•
ExpandActivity:IdentifytheUnknownPowder–smallgroupset:
Bakingsodainasmallcup
Cornstarchinasmallcup
Creamoftartarinasmallcup
Bakingpowderinasmallcup
•
•
•
•
Thermometer
4beakers
Water
Measuringspoonsorscales
Advancedpreparation
Tosavetimepreparesmallcupswitheachonethefourpowdersforthegroups.
BlacklineMasters:
BlacklineMaster#1:Explore-PhysicalandChemicalChangesLab
BlacklineMaster#2:Explain–PhysicalandChemicalChangesChecklist
BlacklineMaster#3:Evaluate–QuizPhysicalAndChemicalChanges
BlacklineMaster#4:Expand–Identifytheunknownpowder
LessonInformation
LearningObjectives
1. Thestudentwillbeabletoobserveandrecorddifferentchangesthathappenwhenchemicalreactionsoccurto
correctlydifferentiatebetweenchemicalandphysicalchanges.
2. Thestudentwillbeabletocorrectlydifferentiatebetweenchemicalandphysicalchangesbasedontheir
observations,andunderstandthatseveraltestsmaybeperformedbeforeachangecanbeclassifiedasphysical
orchemical.
PriorKnowledgeNeededbytheStudents
Elementary
• SC.4.P.8.1Measureandcompareobjectsandmaterialsbasedontheirphysicalpropertiesincluding:mass,
shape,volume,color,hardness,texture,odor,taste,attractiontomagnets.
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 3
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
•
Printed on 1/25/17
SC.5.P.8.1Compareandcontrastthebasicpropertiesofsolids,liquids,andgases,suchasmass,volume,color,
texture,andtemperature.
BackgroundInformation
Thedifferenttypesofmattercanbedistinguishedthroughtwocomponents:compositionandproperties.The
compositionofmatterreferstothedifferentcomponentsofmatteralongwiththeirrelativeproportions.Theproperties
ofmatterrefertothequalities/attributesthatdistinguishonesampleofmatterfromanother.Thesepropertiesare
generallygroupedintotwocategories:physicalorchemical.
1. ChemicalPropertiesandChanges
Chemicalchangeresultsinoneormoresubstancesofentirelydifferentcompositionfromtheoriginal
substances.Theelementsand/orcompoundsatthestartofthereactionarerearrangedintonewproduct
compoundsorelements.ACHEMICALCHANGEaltersthecompositionoftheoriginalmatter.Differentelements
orcompoundsarepresentattheendofthechemicalchange.Theatomsincompoundsarerearrangedtomake
newanddifferentcompounds.x.
Chemicalpropertiesofmatterdescribesits"potential"toundergosomechemicalchangeorreactionbyvirtue
ofitscomposition.Whatelements,electrons,andbondingarepresenttogivethepotentialforchemicalchange.
Itisquitedifficulttodefineachemicalpropertywithoutusingtheword"change"..
2. PhysicalPropertiesandChanges
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical
properties are used to observe and describe matter. Physical properties of materials and systems are often
describedasintensiveandextensiveproperties.Thisclassificationrelatestothedependencyoftheproperties
uponthesizeorextentofthesystemorobjectinquestion.
Aphysicalchangetakesplacewithoutanychangesinmolecularcomposition.Thesameelementorcompound
ispresentbeforeandafterthechange.Thesamemoleculeispresentthroughoutthechanges.Physicalchanges
arerelatedtophysicalpropertiessincesomemeasurementsrequirethatchangesbemade.Mattercanbe
classifiedinfourstatesare:Solid,Liquid,Gas,andplasma.
(http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Core/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/States_of_Matter)
1. Solidisdistinguishedbyafixedstructure.Itsshapeandvolumedonotchange.Inasolid,atomsaretightly
packedtogetherinafixedarrangement.
2. Liquidisdistinguishedbyitsmalleableshape(isabletoformintotheshapeofitscontainer),butconstant
volume.Inaliquid,atomsareclosetogetherbutnotinafixedarrangement.
3. Gasismadeupofatomsthatareseparate.However,unlikesolid&liquid,agashasnofixedshapeandvolume.
4. Plasmaisveryhotionizedgasthatconsistsofnearlythesameamountofpositivelychargedionsandnegatively
chargedelectrons.
LessonProcedure
Engage
A. Demonstration-Elephant'stoothpastedemonstration.Makingelephanttoothpasteisaneasyandfunscience
experiment.Itistheresultofachemicalreactionthatcreatesalargeamountofoozingfoam.Themovementof
thefoamlooksliketoothpastesquirtingoutofatubewhiletheamountoffoamusuallyisenoughforan
elephanttobrushitsteeth.
Takenfrom:SteveSpanglerSciencehttp://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/explodingtoothpaste-elephants-toothpaste/
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 4
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
NOTE:Thisdemonstrationshouldbeconductedbytheteacherduetotheconcentrationofthehydrogenperoxide.
Wearrubberglovestoprotectagainstburnscausedbyconcentratedhydrogenperoxide.Thehandlermustbeproperly
trainedtostoreandhandleanychemical.
Thisdemonstrationcanbeperformedintheclassroomoroutside.Don'tallowtheobserverstotouchthefoamincase
someofthehydrogenperoxidedidn'treact.However,theproductissafeenoughtobethrownawayinthetrashcanor
washdownthedrain.
Procedure
1. Weargoggles,apron,andgloves
2. Pour60mLofthe30%hydrogenperoxideintoagraduatedcylinder.Placethegraduatedcylinderinthemiddle
oftheplastictarp.
3. Addabout5millilitersofdishsoaptothegraduatedcylindercontainingthe60mL30%hydrogenperoxide.
4. Addafewofdropsoffoodcoloringtothecylindermixtureandswirltomakethemixturemorehomogeneous.
5. Pour5millilitersofthesodiumiodidecatalystintothegraduatedcylinderandquicklystandback.Thereaction
willoccurveryquicklyandafoamwillcoverthetable.Note:Foramoredramaticreaction,usealargeFlorence
orErlenmeyerflaskinsteadofagraduatedcylinder.
B.AskthefollowingquestiontopromotediscussionusingRallyRobin(Kaganstrategy)
Question:Howwouldyouclassifythisdemonstration,asachemicalchangeorphysicalchange?Justifyyour
answer.
Possibleanswer:Chemicalchange,becausewhenthesubstancescameincontactwitheachotheranew
substance(foam)formed.
Explore–PhysicalandChemicalChanges
Teachernotes:Thisisaninquiryactivity,inwhichthestudentshavetheopportunitytoworkwiththeir
teammatestoexploreandfindpossibleexplanationswithlittleteacherintervention.Theteachershouldnot
providestudentswithbackgroundinformation.
Inthisactivitythestudentswillexperimentwhenachemicalreactionoccurs,newsubstancesareformed.
Theywillalsoexperimentthatinaphysicalchangesubstanceskeeptheirchemicalproperties,buttheir
physicalpropertieschange.
Note:Thisactivitywillprobablytakemorethanoneday.Thiscanbedoneinrotatingstations.
1. Studentswillworkingroupsof3to4.Eachgroupwillassignaroletoeachofthemembers:Senior
Investigatorwhodirectsotherstofollowprocedures;MaterialsManagerwhocollectsandcleansup
materials;Reporterwhorecordsdataandtalkstotheteacher;Timekeeper/Clean-UpCaptainwho
keepstimeandhelpscleanup.
2. Remindstudentsofsafetyprocedures
3. DistributeBlacklinemaster#1–PhysicalandChemicalChanges
4. AskMaterialsManagertocollectmaterials
5. StudentsstartinvestigationsusingBlacklinemaster#1–PhysicalandChemicalchanges
Explain
1. QuestionsareincludedinBlacklineMaster#1
2. PossibleanswersareincludedintheteachercopyofthesameBlacklineMaster.
Expand:IdentifytheUnknownPowders
(Adaptedfrom:http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/chapter6/lesson6)
1. DistributeBlacklineMaster#4–Expandactivity:Identifytheunknownpowder
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 5
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
2. Studentswillworkinteamsof3or4toidentifyunknownsubstancesbasedontheirreactivity.
3. PossibleanswersareincludedintheBlacklineMaster#4
Evaluate
WRAPUP.
Bringthelessontoaconclusionbyhavingthestudentsdoinginside-outsidecircleandanswerthefollowingquestions:
1. Whatisaphysicalchanges?Inphysicalchangesthechemicalmakeupofthesubstance(s)doesn’tchange.
2. Whatisachemicalchange?Inchemicalchangesthechemicalmakeupofthesubstance(s)changes.
3. Whatistherelationshipbetweenevaporationandtemperaturechange?Ifthetemperatureoftheliquidincreases,the
moleculeswillmovefasterandtheliquidturnsintogas.
4. Whatistherelationshipbetweentemperaturechangeandfreezing?Ifthetemperaturedecreases,themoleculeswillstart
tomoveslowercompacting,turningtheliquidintoasolid.
BlacklineMaster#4:Quiz
1. Afterreviewingwiththewrapupactivity,distributeBlacklineMaster#4andallowthestudentstocompletethis
assessmentindividually.
SupplementaryResources
Teachers
1. ComparingChemicalandPhysicalChanges
Studios,AndrewRader."ChemicalChangesVersusPhysicalChanges."Chem4Kids.com:Matter:Chemicalvs.
PhysicalChanges.AndrewRaderStudios,Retrievedfrom
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_chemphys.html.
2. Phasechanges
Phase.(2016).InEncyclopædiaBritannica.Retrievedfromhttps://www.britannica.com/science/phase-state-ofmatter
Students:
1. ComparingChemicalandPhysicalChangesInteractiveActivity
"ComparingChemicalandPhysicalChanges-Activity."ComparingChemicalandPhysicalChanges-Activity.
UniversityofUtah,Retrievedfrom
http://home.utah.edu/~u0577548/Comparing%20Chemical%20and%20Physical%20Changes/comparing_activity
.htm.
2. TestyourknowledgeInteractiveQuiz
"ComparingChemicalandPhysicalChanges-Quiz."ComparingChemicalandPhysicalChanges-Quiz.University
ofUtah,Retrievedfrom
http://home.utah.edu/~u0577548/Comparing%20Chemical%20and%20Physical%20Changes/comparing_quiz.ht
m
3. Interactivelab
PhysicalandChemicalChangesLab.Takenfrom
http://vital.cs.ohiou.edu/steamwebsite/downloads/ChangeLab.swf
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 6
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
CITATIONOFSOURCES.
I/Weusedthefollowingresourcestobuildourlesson:
1. Spangler,Steve."ExplodingToothpaste-TheLab."TheLab.N.p.,n.d.Web.5Feb.2016.
http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/exploding-toothpaste-elephants-toothpaste/.
2. "DiscoveryEducation."DiscoveryEducation.N.p.,n.d.Web.11Sept.2016.
https://tools.discoveryeducation.com/assessment/viewAssessment.cfm?guidAssetID=93DD8CAE-53C0-4EE089EF-B3F67365CD07&student=0&hidesiteformating=true&assetGuid=93DD8CAE-53C0-4EE0-89EFB3F67365CD07&blnPopup=1.
3. Patti,Galvan,andKesslerJim."UsingChemicalChangetoIdentifyanUnknown."MiddleSchoolChemistry.
AmericanChemicalSociety,n.d.Web.11Sept.2016.
http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/chapter6/lesson6.
__ü__Yes,Icitedallmaterialsandresourcesusedinthislesson.
Arlene Cuellar
Glenda Kitts
Maritza Aquino
Lessonauthorsignature
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 7
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Blackline Master #1
Name_______________________________________________________Date____________________
Chemical&PhysicalChanges
Objective:Inthisactivitythestudentswillexperimentwhenachemicalreactionoccurs,newsubstancesare
formed.Theywillalsoexperimentthatinaphysicalchangesubstanceskeeptheirchemicalproperties,but
theirphysicalpropertieschange.
Note:Thisactivitywillprobablytakemorethanoneday.Thiscanbedoneinrotatingstations.
Station1-Whatwouldhappenif...
InquiryQuestion:Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhenvinegarcombineswithbakingsodaorbaking
powder?
Prediction:
Bakingsoda:____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Bakingpowder:_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Safety:Weargogglesandapron;don’tsmell,drink,oreatanythingduringthislab.Cleanyourareaandyour
instrumentsafterthelabandwashyourhands.
Materials
• Vinegar
• 4Balloons
• Water
• 4Testtube
• Bakingsoda
• Testtubeholder
• Bakingpowder
• Triplebeambalance
Initialobservations:
Physicalproperties:
a. Vinegar:_____________________c.Water___________________________
b. Bakingsoda:_______________________d.Bakingpowder________________________
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 8
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Procedure
1. Place4testtubesinthetesttubeholderandlabeleachoneasfollows:1a,1b,2a,2b
2. Pour10mLofvinegarintotesttubes1aand2a.
3. Pour10mLofwaterintotesttubes1band2b.
4. Measure1tsp(5grams)ofbakingsodaandpouritinside2ofthe4balloons.
5. Measure5grams(1tsp)ofbakingpowderandpouritinsidetheother2balloons.
6. Puteachballooninthemouthofthetesttubes(makingsurethatyoudonotdropthebakingsodaor
thebakingpowderinside)coveringtheentiremouthofthetesttube.
7. Lifteachoneoftheballoons(oneatatime)justenoughtoreleasethebakingsodaorbakingpowder
insidethetesttube:1a,1b,2a,2b.
8. Observeandrecordobservationsforeachoneofthetesttubes.
Observations:
1a
1b
2a
2b
Usingthechecklist,answerthefollowingquestions
Analyze:
1. Whattypeofchange(physicalorchemical)didyouseeinthisexperiment?Whatevidencesupports
youranswer?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 9
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
2. Didtheexperimentsupportyourprediction?Whatevidencesupportsyouranswer?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Station2:Dissolvingasubstance(AdoptedfromACSChemistryforLife:InquiryinAction
http://www.inquiryinaction.org/classroomactivities/activity.php?id=16)
InquiryQuestion:Doescoloredsugardissolveequallywellinwater,vegetableoil,andalcohol?Prediction
__________________________________________________________
Makecoloredsugar
Materials
• SandwichZiplocbag
• Sugar
• Foodcoloring
• Alcohol
• Water
• Vegetableoil
• 3popsiclesticks
Procedure
1. Put1tablespoonofsugarintheplasticbag.Add1dropoffoodcoloringtothesugar.
2. Leavingairinthebag,sealthebagsecurely.
3. Shakethebagvigorouslyuntilthesugaristhoroughlycolored.
4. Add1teaspoonofcoloredsugarto1tablespoonofwater;add1teaspoonofcoloredsugarto1
tablespoonofalcohol,andadd1teaspoonofcoloredsugarto1tablespoonofvegetableoil.
5. StireachwithacleanPopsiclestick.
6. Recordyourobservationsbelow.
Observations
Water
Alcohol
Oil
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 10
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Analyze:
1. Describewhathappenstoboththecolorandthesugarwhenyoustircoloredsugarineachliquid.
Whatdidyoudotomakesureitwasafaircomparison?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2. Ifasubstancedissolvesinoneliquid,willitnecessarilydissolveequallywellinanother?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Explainyouranswerusingevidencefromyourexperiment.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Let’ssayyourteachergaveyouasampleofwaterandasampleofisopropylrubbingalcoholbutdid
nottellyouwhichonewaswhich.Assumingyouhadnocoloredsugar;doyouthinkdissolvingsaltor
someothersolutemighthelpyouidentifytheliquids?Whyorwhynot?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 11
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Answers
Chemical&PhysicalChangesLab
Station1-Whatwouldhappenif...
InquiryQuestion:Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhenvinegarcombineswithbakingsodaorbaking
powder?
Prediction:
Bakingsoda:Predictionswillvary_______________________________________________________
Bakingpowder:Predictionswillvary____________________________________________________
Safety:Weargogglesandapron;don’tsmell,drink,oreatanythingduringthislab.Cleanyourareaand
yourinstrumentsafterthelabandwashyourhands.
Materials
·Vinegar
·4Balloons
·Water
·4Testtube
·Bakingsoda
·Testtubeholder
·Bakingpowder
·Triplebeambalance
Initialobservations:
Physicalproperties:
a.Vinegar:liquid,clear,strongodorWater:liquid,clear,odorless
b.Bakingsoda:solid,white,odorless,powderBakingpowder:solid,white,odorless,powder
Procedure
1.Place4testtubesinthetesttubeholderandlabeleachoneasfollows:1a,1b,2a,2b
2.Pour10mLofvinegarintotesttubes1aand2a.
3.Pour10mLofwaterintotesttubes1band2b.
4.Measure1tsp(5grams)ofbakingsodaandpouritinside2ofthe4balloons.
5.Measure5grams(1tsp)ofbakingpowderandpouritinsidetheother2balloons.
6.Puteachballooninthemouthofthetesttubes(makingsurethatyoudonotdropthebakingsodaor
thebakingpowderinside)coveringtheentiremouthofthetesttube.
7.Lifteachoneoftheballoons(oneatatime)justenoughtoreleasethebakingsodaorbakingpowder
insidethetesttube:1a,1b,2a,2b.
8.Observeandrecordobservationsinthetablebelowforeachoneofthetesttubes.
Observations:
1a
1b
2a
2b
(vinegar+baking
(water+baking
(vinegar+baking
(water+baking
soda)
soda)
powder)
powder)
Possibleanswersmay Possibleanswersmay Possibleanswersmay Possibleanswersmay
includeformationof
includethatthereisno includeformationof
includeformationof
bubbles,balloon
reaction,balloon
bubbles,balloon
smallbubbles,balloon
inflatesrapidly
doesn’tinflate
inflatesveryslowly
inflatesveryslowly
Usingthechecklist,answerthefollowingquestions
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 12
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Analyze:
• Whattypeofchange(physicalorchemical)didyouseeinthisexperiment?Whatevidencesupports
youranswer?
• VinegarandBakingsoda-Chemical(Considerableformationofgas,bubbling,dropoftemperature)
• WaterandBakingsoda-Physical(Noreaction,thebakingsodawilldissolveinthewater)
• VinegarandBakingpowder-Chemical(MediumformationofGas,verylittledropoftemperature,
littlebubbles)
• WaterandBakingsoda-Chemical(Smallformationofgas,verylittledropoftemperature,little
bubbles)
• Didtheexperimentsupportyourprediction?Whatevidencesupportsyouranswer?Answerswill
changedependingonthestudents’predictions
Station2:Dissolvingasubstance(AdoptedfromACSChemistryforLife:InquiryinAction
http://www.inquiryinaction.org/classroomactivities/activity.php?id=16)
InquiryQuestion:Doescoloredsugardissolveequallywellinwater,vegetableoil,andalcohol?Prediction
Answerswillvary
Makecoloredsugar
Materials
• SandwichZiplocbag
• Alcohol
• Sugar
• Water
• Foodcoloring
• Vegetableoil
Procedure
1.Yourteacherwillgiveyouaplasticbagwith1tablespoonofsugarinit.Add1dropoffoodcoloringto
thesugar.
2.Leavingairinthebag,sealthebagsecurely.
3.Shakethebagvigorouslyuntilthesugaristhoroughlycolored.
Conducttheexperiment
Procedure
1.Add1teaspoonofcoloredsugarto1tablespoonofwater;add1teaspoonofcoloredsugarto1
tablespoonofalcohol,andadd1teaspoonofcoloredsugarto1tablespoonofvegetableoil.
2.StireachwithacleanPopsiclestick.
3.Recordyourobservationsbelowinthetablebelow.
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 13
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Observations
Water
Alcohol
Water–thecolorandthesugar Alcohol–thecolordissolves,
dissolvedcompletely
butthesugardoesnotdissolves
Oil
Oil–thecolordoesnot
dissolvesneitherdoesthesugar
Analyze:
1. Describewhathappenstoboththecolorandthesugarwhenyoustircoloredsugarineachliquid.
Whatdidyoudotomakesureitwasafaircomparison?Thesugardissolvedinthewaterandthe
colorblendedinwiththewater.(Answersmayvary).____________
2. Ifasubstancedissolvesinoneliquid,willitnecessarilydissolveequallywellinanother?No__
3. Explainyouranswerusingevidencefromyourexperiment.___Althoughsugardissolvedinwater,it
didnotdissolveinthealcoholortheoil.(Answersmayvary)____
4. Let’ssayyourteachergaveyouasampleofwaterandasampleofisopropylrubbingalcoholbutdid
nottellyouwhichonewaswhich.Assumingyouhadnocoloredsugar;doyouthinkdissolvingsaltor
someothersolutemighthelpyouidentifytheliquids?Whyorwhynot?___Yesbecausesaltwill
dissolveinwaterbutitwillnotdissolveinalcohol.
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 14
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Blackline Master #2
PhysicalChange
PhysicalandChemicalChangesChecklist
______Changeinstateofmatter
______Changeincolor
______Changeindensity
______Theidentityofthesubstancesdidn’tchange
ChemicalChange
______Formationofgasorbubbles
______Changeintemperaturehappenedwhenthesubstanceswereaddedtogether.
______Formationofaprecipitate(solid)
______Changeincolor
PhysicalandChemicalChangesChecklist
PhysicalChange
______Changeinstateofmatter
______Changeincolor
______Changeindensity
______Theidentityofthesubstancesdidn’tchange
ChemicalChange
______Formationofgasorbubbles
______Changeintemperaturehappenedwhenthesubstanceswereaddedtogether.
______Formationofaprecipitate(solid)
______Changeincolor
Physical and Chemical Changes
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G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Blackline Master # 3
IdentifytheUnknownSubstance
Background:Bakingpowderisacombinationofdifferentpowders—bakingsoda,creamoftartar,and
cornstarch.Therearetwooftheseingredientsthatreactwhenwaterisaddedtothemixturetoreleaseagas,
CO2.
Objective:identifytheunknownsubstanceinbakingpowderthatreactswithwater.
Inquiryquestion:WhichtwosubstancesinbakingpowderreactwithwatertoreleaseCO2(gas)?
Prediction:________________________________________________________________________
Identify:
A. Independentvariable:__________________________________________________________
B. Dependentvariable:____________________________________________________________
C. Controlgroup:________________________________________________________________
Materialsforeachgroup
• Bakingsoda
• BakingPowder
• Cornstarch
• Creamoftartar
• Water
• 4beakers
Procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Label4beakers:1,2,3,4
Inbeaker1mix5grams(1tsp)ofcreamoftartarwith5grams(1tsp)ofcornstarch.
Inbeaker2mix5grams(1tsp)ofcreamoftartarwith5grams(1tsp)ofbakingsoda.
Inbeaker3mix5grams(1tsp)ofbakingsodawith5grams(1tsp)ofcornstarch.
Inbeaker4add10grams(2tsp)ofbakingpowder.
Placeathermometerineachoneofthebeakersandrecordtheinitialtemperature.
Add10mLofwatertobeaker1,observeandrecordobservations.
Repeatstep7withbeaker2,beaker3,andbeaker4.
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 16
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
TableSelection
CreamofTartar+ BakingSoda+
BakingSoda
CornStarch
CornStarch+
CreamofTartar
Controlgroup
Water
1. Whattwosubstancesreactwithwatertoproducegas?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Wasthisachemicaloraphysicalchange?Explainyouranswer
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Whattwosubstancesunderwentphysicalchangeswhenwaterwasadded?Explainyouranswer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 17
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Answers
IdentifytheUnknownSubstance
Background:Bakingpowderisacombinationofdifferentpowders—bakingsoda,creamoftartar,and
cornstarch.Therearetwooftheseingredientsthatreactwhenwaterisaddedtothemixturetoreleaseagas,
CO2.
Objective:identifytheunknowntwosubstancesinbakingpowderthatreactswithwater.
Inquiryquestion:WhichtwosubstancesinbakingpowderreactwithwatertoreleaseCO2(gas)?
Prediction:_Answerswillvary________________________________________________________
Identify:
A. Independentvariable:_Thecombinationofpowders:creamoftartarandbakingsoda,creamoftartar
andcornstarch,andcornstarchandbakingsoda_______________________________
B. Dependentvariable:_Theformationofbubbles____________________________________
D. Controlgroup:Thesamplewithbakingpowderonly_________________________________
Materialsforeachgroup
• Bakingsoda
• BakingPowder
• Cornstarch
• Creamoftartar
• Water
• 4beakers
• Thermometer
Procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Label4beakers:1,2,3,4
Inbeaker1mix5grams(1tsp)ofcreamoftartarwith5grams(1tsp)ofcornstarch.
Inbeaker2mix5grams(1tsp)ofcreamoftartarwith5grams(1tsp)ofbakingsoda.
Inbeaker3mix5grams(1tsp)ofbakingsodawith5grams(1tsp)ofcornstarch.
Inbeaker4add10grams(2tsp)ofbakingpowder.
Placeathermometerineachoneofthebeakersandrecordtheinitialtemperature.
Add10mLofwatertobeaker1,observeandrecordobservations.
Repeatstep7withbeaker2,beaker3,andbeaker4.
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 18
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
TestSolution
Water
Printed on 1/25/17
BakingSoda+
CreamofTartar
BakingSoda+
CornStarch
CornStarch+
CreamofTartar
Bubbling
Nochange
Nochange
BakingPowder
Controlgroup
Bubbling
4. Whattwosubstancesreactwithwatertoproducegas?Whenwaterwasadded,themixtureofbaking
sodaandcreamoftartarproducedbubbles
5. Wasthisachemicaloraphysicalchange?ExplainyouranswerThiswasachemicalchangebecause
whenwaterwasaddedtothemixtureofcreamoftartarandbakingsodatheproductionofgaswas
observed.
6. Whattwocombinationsunderwentphysicalchangeswhenwaterwasadded?Explainyouranswer.
Whenwaterwasaddedtothemixtureofeithercreamoftartarandcornstarch,orcornstarchand
bakingpowdernonewsubstanceswereformed,andnosignificanttemperaturechangedwasnoticed.
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 19
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Blackline Master # 4
Name:______________________________Period:_____________Date:_________________________
PhysicalandChemicalChanges
1.Identifywhatthereactantsareinachemicalreaction.
A)thesubstancesthatresultfromthereaction
B)thesubstancesthatchangeasaresultofthereaction
C)thesubstancesthatchangeasaresultofandfromthereaction
D)neitherthechangingnorresultingsubstances
2)Whichofthefollowingisnotevidenceofachemicalchange?
A)changeinstateofmatter
B)changeintemperature
C)changeincolor
D)changeinodor
3.Identifywhattheproductsareinachemicalreaction.
A)thesubstancesthatresultfromthereaction
B)thesubstancesthatchangeastheresultofthereaction
C)thesubstancesthatchangeasaresultofandfromthereaction
D)neitherthechangingnorresultingsubstances
4.David'smothermadeaconcentratedsugarsyrupbydissolvingsugarinhotwater.Oncooling,crystalof
sugargotseparated.Thisindicatesa:
A)Physicalchangescanbereversed
B)Chemicalchangescanbereversed
C)Physicalchangescannotbereversed
D)Chemicalchangescannotbereversed
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 20
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
5.Whichisofthefollowingstatementisincorrectforachemicalchange?
A)Heatmaybegivenoutbut,neverabsorbed
B)Soundmaybeproduced
C)Acolorchangemaytakeplace
D)Agasmaybeevolved
6.Twodropsofsulfuricacidwereaddedto1gofcoppersulfatepowderandthenasmallamountofhotwater
wasaddedtodissolveit(step1).Oncooling,beautifulbluecoloredbluecrystal,gotseparated,(step2).Step1
and2are:
A)chemicalandphysicalchangesrespectively
B)physicalandchemicalchangesrespectively
C)bothphysicalchanges
D)bothchemicalchanges
Physical and Chemical Changes
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G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
Name:______________________________Period:_____________Date:_________________________
PhysicalandChemicalChanges
1.Identifywhatthereactantsareinachemicalreaction.
A)thesubstancesthatresultfromthereaction
B)thesubstancesthatchangeasaresultofthereaction(Correct)
C)thesubstancesthatchangeasaresultofandfromthereaction
D)neitherthechangingnorresultingsubstances
2)Whichofthefollowingisnotevidenceofachemicalchange?
A)changeinstateofmatter(Correct)
B)changeintemperature
C)changeincolor
D)changeinodor
3.Identifywhattheproductsareinachemicalreaction.
A)thesubstancesthatresultfromthereaction(Correct)
B)thesubstancesthatchangeastheresultofthereaction
C)thesubstancesthatchangeasaresultofandfromthereaction
D)neitherthechangingnorresultingsubstances
4.David'smothermadeaconcentratedsugarsyrupbydissolvingsugarinhotwater.Oncooling,crystalof
sugargotseparated.Thisindicatesa:
A)Physicalchangescanbereversed(Correct)
B)Chemicalchangescanbereversed
C)Physicalchangescannotbereversed
D)Chemicalchangescannotbereversed
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 22
G. Kitts, A. Cuellar, M. Aquino
Printed on 1/25/17
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementisincorrectforachemicalchange?
A)Heatmaybegivenoutbut,neverabsorbed(Correct)
B)Soundmaybeproduced
C)Acolorchangemaytakeplace
D)Agasmaybeevolved
6.Twodropsofsulfuricacidwereaddedto1gofcoppersulphatepowderandthenasmallamountofhotwaterwas
addedtodissolveit,(step1).Oncooling,beautifulbluecoloredcrystalswereformed.(step2).Step1andStep2are:
(Identifythechangesineachstepinorder).
A)chemicalandphysicalchangesrespectively
B)physicalandchemicalchangesrespectively(Correct)
C)bothphysicalchanges
D)bothchemicalchanges
Physical and Chemical Changes
page 23