Lecture Objective
• Understand the divisive slavery issue.
• Understand the Southern and Northern point
of view.
• Understand the different factors (slavery,
political, and economic) that influenced the
South to break away from the Union (the
United States).
Wilmot Proviso (Chap. 14)
• Proposal to ban slavery
a) Newly gain Mex. Territory
• After Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
a) Issue must be address
Growth and Expansion
• United States achieved continental
dimensions
• Economic and population growth
• Cotton
a) Not economic force
• Manufacturing
a) Economic force
American Renaissance
• American writers
a) American themes
b) Pioneered literature styles
1) Short story (N. Hawthorne)
c) Social critics
1) Frederick Douglas
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriet
Beecher Stowe)
• Style: women’s novel
• About
a) Evils of slavery
1) Slave family broken up
• Southern reaction
a) Lies
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (poster)
Compromise of 1850 (newly
gained territory)
• Ca.: free state
• Slavery: determined by states
• Fugitive Slave Act
a) Runaways must be returned
• End slave trade: District of Columbia
South (point of view)
• Support Mexican-American War
• Constitutional right:
a) Property (slaves)
b) Lifestyle (slavery)
• Slavery: blessing to inferior race
• Slavery: essential (national economy)
Southern Point of View
• North guilty of:
a) Inciting slave revolts
b) Helping runaways
c) “wage slavery”
North (point of view)
• Anti-slavery
• Slavery bad for poor whites
a) limited work opportunities
• South guilty of:
a) Censoring mail
b) Suppressing free speech
Fugitive Slave Act
• Some northern states
a) Refused to cooperate
• Free blacks
a) Mistaken for slaves
• North sees the reality of slavery
Poster warning African
Americans, Boston
Anthony
Burns,
captured in
1854
•Lawyer’s
a) Attempted
purchased fail
Kansas/Nebraska Act (measure
approved)
• Stephen Douglas suggested:
a) Open Kansas/Nebraska territory
1) Why? Transcontinental railroad
• Slavery determined by popular sovereignty
a) Settlers established
1) Slavery strongholds
2) Anti-slavery strongholds
Bleeding Kansas
• Missouri inhabitants (slavery)
a) 1st to settle
b) Cast fraudulent votes
• New Englanders (anti-slavery)
a) Settled Lawrence
1) Burned and looted (1856)
Battle of Hickory Point, 1856
(lithograph)
John Brown
• White abolitionist
a) Retaliated for Lawrence
• Raided proslavery town
a) 5 killed
• Wave of violence
Beating of Senator Charles Sumner
by Congressman Preston Brooks
Dred Scott v. Sandford
• Dred Scott
a) Traveled to Illinois and Wisconsin (1830s)
• 1846: sues for freedom
• Argument
a) Residence in free state
1) He/family therefore free
Dred Scott v. Sandford
• March 6, 1857: S. Court Ruling
a) Dismissed case, why?
1) African Americans not citizens
a) Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
Frank Leslie’s
Illustrated
Newspaper,
June 27, 1857
Reaction to Ruling
• Northern reaction
a) Troubled
1) Questioned Supreme Court power
• Southern reaction
a) Satisfaction
b) Support Court ruling
John Brown’s Raid
• Harpers Ferry (Virginia)
a) Federal arsenal
1) Raided: Oct. 16, 1856
• Goal
a) Instigate slave revolt
• Participants: Brown and 22 others
John Brown’s Raid
• 8 men killed
a) Browns two sons
• Brown hung: Dec. 2, 1859
• Northern reaction
a) Mourns Brown’s death
• Southern reaction
a) Shock at Northern reaction
Frank Leslie’s Illustrated
Newspaper, Dec. 2, 1859
Election of 1860
• A. Lincoln (republican)
a) Wins election
• Southern fear
a) Republican Party
1) Will eliminate slavery
South Leaves Union
• S. Carolina ( Dec. 20, 1860)
a) Votes to leave
• Weeks later: a) Mississippi
b) Florida c) Alabama
d) Georgia e) Louisiana
f) Texas
Lincoln’s Options
• Compromise
a) Extension of slavery
• Seceded states
a) Allow to “go in peace”
• Use force against South
• Lincoln
a) Military forts (Union control)
Confederate States of America
• Constitution (Feb. 1861)
a) States’ rights
b) Abolition impossible
• Jefferson Davis
a) president