6th Grade Midterm Study Guide
Completion
Complete each statement.
1. The property of an element that indicates the number of protons in its atoms is the ____________________.
2. A column of elements in the periodic table is called a group, or ____________________.
3. The electrons in an atom that are involved in forming chemical bonds are called
_________________________.
4. Elements that transmit electricity and heat easily are called good ____________________.
5. The chemical reactivity of metals tends to ____________________ from left to right across the periodic table.
6. Some elements on the right side of the periodic table form molecules of two atoms each, which are called
____________________ molecules.
7. In the 1800s, Dmitri Mendeleev organized the first truly useful ____________________.
8. An element’s ____________________ can be predicted from its location in the periodic table.
9. Each element is given a specific _________________________ that usually consists of one or two letters.
10. Elements in Group 1 have ____________________ valence electron(s).
11. Most metals are in the ____________________ state at room temperature.
12. Brass is a(n) ____________________ formed by mixing copper and zinc.
13. At room temperature, all the metalloids are solids, while most nonmetals are ____________________.
14. A substance that will conduct electricity only under certain conditions is called a ____________________.
15. Like most organic compounds, hydrocarbons do not dissolve well in ____________________.
16. Two compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures are called ____________________.
17. In a ______________________________, atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a
hydrocarbon.
18. When one carbon atom is bonded with several other carbon atoms in a single line, the structure is described as
a ____________________.
19. Graphite, fullerenes, and ____________________ are three forms of the element carbon.
20. In a molecular formula, the ____________________ indicates how many atoms of a particular element are
present in each molecule of a compound.
21. An alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains a _________________________ in place of a hydrogen
atom.
22. An organic compound that contains one or more double or triple bonds is described as being
____________________.
23. The compound formed by the chemical combination of an organic acid and an alcohol is a(n)
____________________.
24. A reference point is assumed to be ____________________, or not moving.
25. A change in an object’s position relative to a reference point is called ____________________.
26. When riding a bicycle past a building, you are not moving relative to the ____________________.
27. The distance traveled by a moving object per unit of time is called ____________________.
28. The statement that the motion of a hurricane is 20 kilometers per hour in an easterly direction is a description
of the hurricane’s ____________________.
29. A speed of 15 kilometers per hour is abbreviated as 15 ____________________.
30. The boundaries between the plates that make up the upper layer of Earth are cracks in Earth’s
____________________.
31. Acceleration is the rate of change in ____________________.
32. A golf ball ____________________ when either its speed or direction changes.
33. The motion of a car stopping at a traffic light is an example of a ____________________ acceleration, also
called deceleration.
34. If a car is speeding up, its initial speed is ____________________ than its final speed.
35. If two lines appear on the same motion graph, the line with the steeper ____________________ indicates a
greater speed.
36. Unbalanced forces acting on an object produce ____________________ motion.
37. A measure of an object’s ____________________ is a measure of the object’s inertia.
38. Wet pavement is more slippery than dry pavement because the force needed to overcome
____________________ friction is less than the force needed to overcome sliding friction.
39. The downward force acting on an object in free fall is the force of ____________________.
40. A(n) ____________________ is an object that is thrown.
41. The metric unit that is most often used to describe weight is the ____________________.
42. As the distance between two objects decreases, the gravitational force between them
____________________.
43. According to Newton’s third law of motion, the strength of a reaction force is ____________________ the
strength of the action force.
44. If the action force of a bat striking a ball accelerates the ball in one direction, the reaction force accelerates the
bat in the ____________________ direction.
45. The momentum of an object is in the same ____________________ as its velocity.
46. During lift-off, the thrust on a rocket is directed ____________________.
47. The moon is a natural ____________________ of Earth.
48. The force of gravity is responsible for continuously changing the ____________________ in which a satellite
moves.
49. Friction acts in a direction ____________________ to an object’s direction of motion.
Multiple Choice
50. Mendeleev created the first periodic table by arranging elements in order of
51. How did chemists change Mendeleev’s periodic table in the early 1900s?
52. From an element’s location in the periodic table, you can predict
53. Which of these statements about a column of the periodic table is true?
54. The factor that determines how an atom interacts with other atoms is its
55. Which of the following have the same number and arrangement of valence electrons?
56. Which of the following statements about metals is true?
57. Which elements have two valence electrons in their atoms?
58. Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?
59. Which group contains the most elements?
60. At room temperature, more than half of the nonmetal elements are
61. Which member of the carbon family is a nonmetal?
62. Where are metals located in the periodic table?
63. In which part of an atom are the valence electrons located?
64. The elements in a row of the periodic table
65. The elements in a column of the periodic table
66. What information in the periodic table indicates the number of protons in an atom?
67. The atomic number of an element is based on the
68. The two most common alkaline earth metals are
69. Which of the following statements about transition metals is true?
70. Which group of elements shares characteristics with both metals and nonmetals?
71. The elements that do not ordinarily form compounds are
72. Which two members of the nitrogen family are metalloids?
73. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are part of a family called
74. Carbon is able to bond with other elements in many different ways because it has
75. An element whose atoms can make straight chains, branched chains, and rings is
76. Which form of pure carbon is so hard that it can be used in cutting tools?
77. Which form of pure carbon is formed of layers that slide past one another?
78. What is another name for carbon compounds?
79. Many organic compounds have similar properties, including
80. What can you tell about methane (CH4) from its molecular formula?
81. How is a substituted hydrocarbon created from a hydrocarbon chain?
82. Which substituted hydrocarbon is formed by replacing atoms with one or more hydroxyl groups?
83. Substances that provide the energy and raw materials the human body needs are
84. What property do all hydrocarbons have?
85. What is the shape of pure carbon fullerenes?
86. How many chemical bonds can each carbon atom form?
87. In which type of substituted hydrocarbon might chlorine be the substituted atom(s)?
88. A very large organic molecule made up of chains of smaller molecules is called a
89. The classes of organic compounds found in all living things are
90. When an object’s distance from another object is changing,
91. The basic SI unit of length is the
92. Speed equals distance divided by
93. When you know both the speed and direction of an object’s motion, you know the
94. You can show the motion of an object on a line graph in which you plot distance against
95. In graphing motion, the steepness of the slope depends on
96. The upper layer of Earth consists of more than a dozen major pieces called
97. If one of Earth’s plates moves 5 centimeters every year, how far will it move in 500 years?
98. The rate at which velocity changes is called
99. If velocity is measured in kilometers per hour and time is measured in hours, the unit of acceleration is
100. A train that travels 100 kilometers in 4 hours is traveling at what average speed?
101. A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion is called
102. Liters, meters, and grams are all
103. The International System of Units is used
104. According to the theory of plate tectonics,
105. Scientists believe that Earth’s continents were connected as recently as
106. If you know the distance an object has traveled in a certain amount of time, you can determine
107. Changing direction is an example of a kind of
108. If a bicyclist travels 30 kilometers in two hours, her average speed is
109. The moon accelerates because it is
110. If you know a car traveled 300 kilometers in 3 hours, you can find its
111. In an acceleration graph showing speed versus time, a straight line shows the acceleration is
112. What happens when two forces act in the same direction?
113. The tendency of an object to resist change in its motion is known as
114. The greater the mass of an object,
115. Force equals mass times
116. The force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other is called
117. When the only force acting on a falling object is gravity, the object is said to be
118. Air resistance is a type of
119. The force of gravity on a person or object at the surface of a planet is known as
120. Weight equals mass times
121. Two figure skaters who push off of each other will move at the same speed if
122. Forces can be added together only if they are
123. According to the law of conservation of momentum, when two objects collide in the absence of friction,
124. The momentum of an object is in the same direction as its
125. How can you increase the momentum of an object?
126. The amount of matter in an object is called its
127. The force that pulls falling objects toward Earth is called
128. Objects falling through air experience a type of friction called
129. According to Newton’s third law of motion, when a hammer strikes and exerts force on a nail, the nail
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
Atoms of Some Common Elements
Substance
Atomic
Number
Atomic
Mass
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Sodium
11
?
11
12
?
Magnesium
12
24
12
?
12
Aluminum
?
27
13
14
13
Phosphorus
15
31
?
16
15
130. What is the atomic mass of sodium?
131. What is the total number of electrons in an atom of sodium?
132. How many neutrons are in an atom of magnesium?
133. The element silicon has been omitted from this table. It appears in the periodic table between aluminum and
phosphorus, and in the same row. Given that information, which of the five columns could you fill in for
silicon?
134. What is the atomic number of aluminum?
135. How many protons are in an atom of phosphorus?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
136. Which of the structures is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
137. Which of the structures is a substituted hydrocarbon?
138. Which two structures have the same molecular formula? What is the formula?
139. Explain how structural formulas like the ones in this diagram provide more information than just a molecular
formula alone.
140. Which of the four molecules are hydrocarbons?
141. Identify which molecule has a branched structure and which has a ring structure.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
142. What two variables are plotted in the graph?
143. How would you describe Kathy’s motion? What does such motion mean?
144. How far did Kathy jog in the first 4 minutes?
145. What is Kathy’s average speed?
146. How long after Kathy started jogging did Rachel begin jogging?
147. Describe Rachel’s motion at 9 minutes.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
148. What does the head of each arrow indicate?
149. What does the width of each arrow represent?
150. In what direction is the net force acting on the 1-kg object?
151. In what direction must a force be applied so that the forces on the 1-kg object are balanced?
152. Compare the acceleration of the 1-kg object with that of the 2-kg object.
153. Suppose a third force is applied to the 1-kg object in an upward direction. How will the object’s acceleration
change?