Social Reformers
The Progressive Movement (1901-1917) was
initiated as a response to political and
corporate abuses at the turn of the Twentieth
Century. Religious
groups, members of the
New Amendments
press,
and radical
groupsforallthe
cried out
To provide
a stable political
base of income
for reform,
with solutions
ranginggraduated
from subtle
Federal
Government
while providing
taxation, of
thethe
16th
Amendment
was passed.
reforms
American
capitalist
economy, to
wereofweakened
the
a Political
call for machines
the creation
a socialistbygovernment.
Jane
Addams
Margaret
Sanger
passage of the 17th Amendment which
Reformsallowed
were initiated
by individuals,
and at the
state citizens
to directly elect
to the levels
U.S. Senate,
instead of
city,representatives
state, and national
of government.
allowing party-controlled
state legislatures
to do
President
Theodore Roosevelt
supported
the
so. In addition,
ty paid offenvironmental
with the passage of
movement
by embracing
the 17th
Amendment
and in
thethe
18th
conservation,
forcing
arbitration
Anthracite
Amendment.
Coal Strike, and busting
monopolies that were
harmful to the public. A number of social reformers
also worked to reform what they viewed as the ills
negatively impacting United States society:
.
Booker T.
Washinton
W.E.B.
DuBois
Muckraker
Work
Subject
Thomas Nast
Political
Cartoons
Political corruption by
NYC's political machine,
Tammany Hall, led by
Boss Tweed.
Jacob Riis
How the Other Half
Lives
(1890)
Living conditions of the
urban poor; focused on
tenements.
Ida B. Wells
A Red Record
(1895)
Provided statistics on the
lynching of AfricanAmericans.
Frank Norris
The Octopus (1901)
This fictional book
exposed monopolistic
railroad practices in
California.
Ida Tarbell
"History of Standard
Oil Company" in
McClure's Magazine
(1904)
Exposed the ruthless
tactics of the Standard Oil
Company through a
series of articles
published in McClure's
Magazine.
The Shame of the
Cities
(1904)
Examined political
corruption in cities across
the United States.
The Jungle
(1906)
Investigated dangerous
working conditions and
unsanitary procedures in
the meat-packing
industry.
Lincoln
Steffans
Upton Sinclair
City Reforms
City
Commissioner Plan
City Manager
Plan
.
Results
.
Muckrakers were members of the
press that investigated corruption in
order to expose problems to the
American New
people.
They had a great
Amendments
amount
of
influence,
resulting
To provide a stable baseoften
of income
for thein
the
passage
of laws designed
to
Federal
Government
while providing
reform the
abusethe
that16th
theyAmendment
reported.
graduated
taxation,
was passed. Political machines were
weakened by the passage of the 17th
These
muckrakers
the efforts
Amendment
whichrecalled
allowed state
citizensof
early
reformers
who exposed corruption
to directly
elect representatives
to the U.S.
inSenate,
print. Thomas
worked
diligently
instead ofNast
allowing
party-controlled
to expose
the abuses
theIn NYC
political
state legislatures
to doofso.
addition,
ty
paid off
with the
passage Hall
of theand
17thits
machine
called
Tammany
Amendment
and thethrough
18th Amendment.
leader
Boss Tweed
the use of
political cartoons. Jacob Riis exposed
the plight of the urban poor and
substandard housing in his 1890 book
How the Other Half Lives.
New began
Amendments
Progressive reform
at the local or city
To
provide
a
stable
base of
for the
level because it was easier
toincome
implement
Federal Government while providing
than graduated
at the vasttaxation,
state orthenational
level.
Urban
16th Amendment
corruption
political
machines
wasfrom
passed.
Political
machineswas
werea
major focus,
resulting
the reorganization
weakened
by the in
passage
of the 17th of
localAmendment
governmentwhich
using
the commissionerallowed
state citizens to
directly elect representatives
to the U.S.
and city-manager-styles
of management.
Senate, instead of allowing party-controlled
state legislatures to do so. In addition, ty
paid off with the passage of the 17th
Amendment and the 18th Amendment.
Progressive Era Reform
State Reforms
New Amendments
Reform governors
such as Robert M.
To
provide aofstable
base of income
for
LaFollete
Wisconsin,
and Woodrow
the
FederalofGovernment
while
providingget
Wilson
New Jersey,
all helped
graduated
taxation,
16th
reforms
passed
in theirtherespective
states.
Amendment was passed. Political
In machines
addition, were
reforms
first
proposed
by the
weakened by the
PopulistofParty
were
enacted inwhich
order to
passage
the 17th
Amendment
make
more
allowedstate
stategovernments
citizens to directly
elect
responsive
to the
needs
the people.
representatives
to the
U.S.ofSenate,
instead of allowing party-controlled state
legislatures to do so. In addition, ty paid
off with the passage of the 17th
Amendment and the 18th Amendment.
Secret Ballot
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Direct
Primary
Progressive Era Federal Legislation
Newlands Reclamation Act
(1902)
Amendments
During theNew
Progressive
Era, the
To provide a stable base of income for
Federal
Government
passed
an
the Federal Government while
enormous
amount
of
legislation
providing graduated taxation, the 16th
designed
to conserve
the Political
Amendment
was passed.
environment,
tighten
past economic
machines were
weakened
by the
passage ofpreserve
the 17th Amendment
regulations,
the health
which
allowed
state citizens
to directly
and
safety
of American
citizens,
representatives
to the U.S.
andelect
generally
provide needed
Senate, instead of allowing partycapitalist
reforms.
controlled state legislatures to do so. In
addition, ty paid off with the passage of
the 17th Amendment and the 18th
Amendment.
Elkins Act
(1903)
Pure Food and Drug Act
(1906/1911)
Meat Inspection Act
(1906)
Hepburn Act
(1906)
Federal Reserve Act
(1913)
New Amendments
To Amendments
provide a stable base of income
New
the Federal
whilefor the
To for
provide
a stableGovernment
base of income
providing
graduated
taxation,
the
Federal
Government
while
providing
16th Amendment
graduated
taxation, thewas
16thpassed.
Amendment was
Political
machines
were weakened
passed.
Political
machines
were weakened by
by the of
passage
ofAmendment
the 17th
the passage
the 17th
which
Amendment
whichtoallowed
allowed
state citizens
directlystate
elect
citizens to
to the
directly
representatives
U.S.elect
Senate,
representatives
the U.S. Senate,
instead
of allowingtoparty-controlled
state
instead oftoallowing
party-controlled
legislatures
do so. In
addition, the
state legislatures
to do
Temperance
Movement
andso.
theInWomen's
addition,
ty paidfinally
off with
theoff with the
Suffrage
Movement
paid
passage
of the
17th
Amendment
passage
of the
18th
Amendment
and the
and the 18th Amendment.
19th Amendment.
Clayton Antitrust Act
(1914)
Federal Trade Act
(1914)
Progressive Era Amendments
16th (1913)
17th (1913)
18th (1919)
19th (1920)