Students will be able to read the periodic table, define atom, molecule, and element, and construct a model of an atom and molecule. Vocabulary   Atom-­‐smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element   Proton-­‐ has a positive charge   Neutron has a neutral charge   Electron has a negative charge   Element-­‐ cant be broken down by chemical reaction   Molecule-­‐ two or more atoms together Reading the Periodic Table 6
C
Atomic number- #
protons and neutrons
Symbol
Carbon
Name of element
12.017
Atomic Mass
Families on the Periodic Table   Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.   Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.   Elements in each family react differently with other elements. ALKALI METALS Group 1   Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-­‐metal   1 electron in the outer shell   Soft and silvery metals   Very reactive, esp. with water   Conduct electricity Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2   2 electrons in the outer shell   White and malleable   Reactive, but less than Alkali metals   Conduct electricity TRANSITION METALS Groups in the middle   Good conductors of heat and electricity.   Some are used for jewelry.   The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.   Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes. BORON FAMILY Group 3   3 electrons in the outer shell   Most are metals   Boron is a metalloid CARBON FAMILY Group 4   4 electrons in the outer shell   Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-­‐metal Carbon (C) NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5   5 electrons in the outer shell   Can share electrons to form compounds   Contains metals, metalloids, and non-­‐metals OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6   6 electrons in the outer shell   Contains metals, metalloids, and non-­‐metals   Reactive Halogens Group 7   7 electrons in the outer shell   All are non-­‐metals   Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1 Noble Gases Group 8   Exist as gases   Non-­‐metals   8 electrons in the outer shell = Full   Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full   Not reactive with other elements Rare Earth Metals   Some are Radioactive   The rare earths are silver, silvery-­‐
white, or gray metals.   Conduct electricity Reading the Periodic Table Students will be able to find # protons, neutrons, and electrons, the mass, and other informaDon about elements using the periodic table.   Work with your group to answer these in your notebook.   Which element is a metal, K or Ar? How do you know?   What is the atomic mass of: Iron (Fe)   How many protons does the element chlorine (Cl) have?   How many electrons are in the outer shell of nitrogen (N)?   How many neutrons does calcium (Ca) have? Model Atoms Students will use informaDon on the periodic table to construct a model of an atom.   Work with your group.   Find the # protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom you were given.   Find out how many electrons are in the outer shell of your atom. (*Na, Al, and Si have three shells with 2 electrons in the inner shell)   Draw a sketch of the atom and raise your hand to have it checked BEFORE getting materials to build.   Use clay, a plate, and markers to make a model of your atom.   Label your atom with the name, symbol, atomic number and atomic mass. What are the properties of metals? How do these properties make them useful? Metals on the Periodic Table   Elements are divided into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.   Most of the elements on the table are metals. Elements get more metallic as you move left and down on the periodic table.   Metals have certain properties:   They have reflective properties (have luster)   They conduct heat and electricity   They can be shaped without breaking (flexibility, malleability and ductility).   The more an element displays these properties, the more metallic it is.   Metalloids display these properties, but to a lesser degree than metals. TesDng for properDes of Metals   The Properties of Metals   Complete the following activities to observe and compare the  
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properties of metals. You will describe each object as a strong or weak example of metallic properties. Mark each object as a strong or weak example of the listed property. Luster-­‐reflective Flexibility – aiblity to bend Electrical conductivity To Test: Luster-­‐ which reflects more light? Flexibility – bend in half, which bends more, and which holds it shape without breaking Electrical conductivity-­‐ place object in an electric circuit to see if it closes the circuit